4115TA_1涡流室式柴油机燃烧室节能改造的试验研究     

倪向东  梅卫江 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2010,37(5)

本研究基于前期研究基础,将4115TA1柴油机涡流室的主燃烧室设计成不对称结构,并在喷油嘴端部加装碰撞挡块,进一步优化涡流室容积比、通道截面、通道倾角的设计;利用正交试验方差分析,给出各影响因素的主次关系,得到了涡流室顶部凹坑不对称容积比和通道倾角对燃油消耗率及烟度排放的影响效果,实现了比原机在标定工况下燃油消耗率的降低及炭烟排放的改善。  相似文献   

植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植机移植部件设计与试验     

童俊华  刘珂  刘霓红  孙良  王小琴  NORUPIRI R Obedience 《农业机械学报》2024,55(3):106-114

目前植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植装备自动化程度低,作业时大多依赖于人工,劳动强度大,效率低。基于植物工厂水培叶菜种苗移植现状设计了一种二级变间距的高速移植部件,并配备有一种拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构。对移植手取苗过程中岩棉块种苗进行受力分析,为移植手设计提供依据;开展拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构落杯试验,为后续植苗至栽培槽孔的定植杯中奠定基础。搭建移植机构试验平台,以取苗深度、岩棉块含水率、移植部件横移速度、移植手升降速度、移植手夹苗间距为试验因素进行五因素三水平正交试验,通过方差分析各因素对移植成功率的影响。试验结果表明：当取苗深度为24mm、岩棉块含水率为90%、移植部件横移速度为0.8m/s、移植手升降速度为0.24m/s、移植手夹苗间距为14mm时,机构移植成功率为97.9%,移植速度为3.132株/h,能够满足高速、高效、稳定的植物工厂岩棉块叶菜种苗移植机械化作业的技术需求。  相似文献   

镇江新河街历史街区街巷空间调查研究     

钱鑫  高源  王云 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2016,(1):24-30, 44

濒临古运河的镇江新河街历史街区,其街巷空间具有重要的历史文化价值。本文采用文献资料收集整理和访谈、观察、测量、问卷等调查分析方法,从整体格局、街巷肌理、尺度比例和空间界面四个层面,分析了镇江新河街历史街区街巷空间的特征与特点。通过对问卷数据的分析,解析了居民的使用满意度和更新需求。在调查研究基础上,提出了该街巷空间保护与更新的四方面建议,为其后续的保护与更新建立了较坚实的基础。  相似文献   

圆柏对大气颗粒物的阻滞作用研究     

鄢郭馨  张德全  邹瑀琦  邹瑀琪  刘佳凯  张振明 《中国农学通报》2016,32(34):1-6

为了研究在单株尺度上林木对大气中不同颗粒物的阻滞作用,选择圆柏作为研究对象,分析3个树冠高度和不同季节中PM_2.5、PM₁₀以及TSP这3种颗粒物的浓度变化规律;对圆柏不同高度上的阻滞效率进行探究,并使用离子色谱对PM_2.5颗粒中的6种水溶性离子成分进行分析。结果表明：不同高度上浓度日变化规律大致相同,浓度差异不大,并均在中午达到最低值;但3个高度的阻滞率差异悬殊,以中部阻滞效果最为明显,尤以PM_2.5为甚,可达47.6%,其次是上部,下部最低;3个季节浓度相差较大,春季最高,夏季次之,秋季最低,且以秋季的波动最为平缓;水溶性离子浓度以Na 、NH₄ 最高,圆柏对F^-、Na 阻滞效果明显,分别为87.62%、68.27%。  相似文献   

重庆西部区域性阻塞型暴雨浅析     

刘毅  庞玥  陈鹏  刘超 《中国农学通报》2016,32(27):149-155

利用1981—2010年重庆市34个气象观测站的日(20时—20时)降水量资料及空间间隔为2.5°×2.5°的NECP/NCAR逐6小时再分析资料,对重庆西部区域性阻塞型暴雨天气过程进行统计合成分析,结果表明：(1)导致渝西阻塞型暴雨的大尺度环流背景场为稳定的“两槽一脊”型环流,贝加尔湖低槽与东移的四川盆地低槽同位相叠加,副高西伸并稳定维持,位势场呈现“西低东高”的特点;(2)来自于南海地区的水汽持续输送至重庆西部地区为暴雨过程的产生和维持提供了有利的水汽条件;(3)暴雨发生前后温湿场发生了明显变化,温度场上暴雨发生前和发生时暴雨区附近有着较强的暖平流,而暴雨发生后为明显冷平流,湿度场上700hPa上10g/kg等比湿线及850hPa上15g/kg等比湿线可作为渝西阻塞型暴雨的一个预报参考指标。  相似文献   

Calibration of Gypsum Blocks for Measuring Saline Soils Moisture     

Yaser Hoseini  Mohammad Albaji 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(22):2528-2537

The proper management of irrigation requires an accurate measuring of soil moisture. One of the commonly applied methods for measuring soil moisture is the use of gypsum blocks – a method that is simple and quick to apply. However, measuring moisture in saline soils using this method is prone to errors due to the effect of soil salinity on the block. In this study, the effect of different salinities (1, 2, 6, 10, and 18 deci Siemens per meter (dS m^?1) on the measurements of a gypsum block type 5910 A was investigated with two repetitions in random blocks in sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils, and corrective functions were obtained using multivariate regression for all soils with different salinity levels. The results showed different trends for measuring the soil moistures for salinities 1–6 dS m^?1 compared with salinities 10–18 dS m^?1, and the corrective functions in salinities 1–6 dS m^?1, which had higher accuracies than those with salinities 10–18 dS m^?1.  相似文献   

Histopathological Changes in Third-Instar and Adult Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) After in vitro Heat Treatment     

Lorena Caro-Corrales  Jose Caro-Corrales  Angel Valdez-Ortiz  Jose Lopez-Valenzuela  Hector Lopez-Moreno  Daniel Coronado-Velazquez  Emilio Hernandez-Ortiz  Jose Rendon-Maldonado 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most harmful pests of mango causing direct damage by oviposition on the fruit pulp. Mango for export is subjected to hydrothermal treatment as a quarantine method for the control of this pest, but exposure to heat for long periods of time reduces considerably the quality and shelf-life of treated fruit. The aim of this work was to study morphological changes of third-instar larvae and adults of A. ludens after in vitro exposure to high temperature at sublethal times. A heating block system was used to expose larvae at 46.1°C for 19.6 and 12.9 min, producing 94.6 and 70% mortality, respectively. Treated larvae were processed for optical microscopy. A fraction of surviving treated larvae was separated into containers with artificial diet to allow development into adults. Adult sexual organs were dissected and processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Results showed that 94.6% of the treated larvae died at 46.1°C for 19.6 min and none of the surviving larvae eclosed to adulthood, as they developed as malformed puparia. For the in vitro treatment at 46.1°C during 12.9 min, 70% of the treated larvae died and only 3.75% reached the adult stage, but ultrastructural damage in the male testes and in the female ovaries was observed. Additionally, 11.1% of the adult flies from the in vitro treatment also showed wing malformation and were incapable of flying. The analysis showed that surviving flies were unable to reproduce.  相似文献   

不同育苗方式对苦瓜育苗效果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万新建  张景云  关峰  胡新龙  赵萍  缪南生 《中国农学通报》2015,31(10):97-100

通过研究营养钵育苗、穴盘育苗、营养基质块育苗对苦瓜幼苗生长的影响,筛选出最佳的苦瓜育苗方式。调查不同方式育苗条件下苦瓜出苗速度、株高、茎粗、节间长、叶数、叶长、叶宽、地上部干鲜重、根干鲜重等生长指标,分析壮苗指数。3种育苗方式中,以营养钵育苗最好,幼苗的茎最粗,为3.02 mm;叶片最大,长、宽分别为5.77 mm和6.23 mm;根系最发达,鲜、干重分别为1.45 g和0.08 g;生长量最大,地上部鲜、干重分别为4.14 g和0.35 g;壮苗指数最高,为0.18。采用营养钵育苗,幼苗生长稳健,株高适中,茎粗,叶片宽大,根系发达,壮苗指数高,有利于培育壮苗。  相似文献   

齿墩状内消能工的消能及压力特性     

张婷  田淳  李永业  尤志强  樊盼 《排灌机械工程学报》2014,32(2):136-139

输水管道或泄洪洞常见的内消能方式为孔板和洞塞,结合明渠水流中的消能工形式提出了齿墩状内消能工,并通过物理模型试验对不同面积收缩比的齿墩状内消能工进行了研究,分析了它们的过流能力、消能率、压强沿程变化及脉动压强特性.结果表明:齿墩状内消能工的过流能力主要是由消能工的体型及尺寸决定的,其面积收缩比越大,消能率越低,过流能力就越强;齿墩状内消能工的时均压强在收缩段骤降,在其后部逐渐上升,而后恢复至稳定,其恢复长度基本相同;齿墩状内消能工的脉动压强最大点均出现在收缩段后1倍圆管直径范围内,随后迅速减小,逐渐趋于平稳;面积收缩比为0.471 2的齿墩状消能工的脉动强度最小,因而其抗空化性能优于其他情况,且脉动压强最大点的压强概率密度分布接近正态分布.  相似文献   

Evaluation of pacing site in dogs with naturally occurring complete heart block     

Amara H. Estrada  Herbert W. Maisenbacher III  VMD  Robert Prošek  DVM  MS  Jesse Schold  PhD  Melanie Powell  BS  James M. VanGilder  BS 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(2):79-88

Objective

To compare left ventricular synchronization and systolic performance with transvenous pacing of the right ventricular apex (RVA), left ventricular free wall (LVF) or simultaneous pacing of the RVA and LVF (BiV).

Animals, materials and methods

Seven canine patients with complete heart block. Prospective study evaluating effect of pacing site. Twenty four hours following implantation of transvenous BiV pacing systems, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were assessed during pacing from the: (1) Right Atrial Appendage/RVA (RAA/RVA), (2) RAA/LVF, and (3) RAA/BiV.

Results

QRS duration was significantly shorter with BiV pacing versus LVF pacing (p < 0.001), or RVA pacing (p < 0.001). Echocardiographic indices of systolic performance fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO) were significantly higher with BiV pacing than with pacing from the RVA (P = 0.023, 0.006, and 0.002 respectively). Cardiac output, measured by the biplane Simpson's method, was higher with LVF versus RVA pacing (P = 0.036). There was no difference in FS or EF when comparing LVF to RVA pacing. Tissue Doppler measurements of synchronization and systolic performance did not show any difference between pacing mode, but a significantly increased number of segments were seen to contract following aortic valve closure during LVF pacing (P = 0.0268) and RVA pacing (P = 0.0197) as compared to BiV pacing.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that BiV pacing improves cardiac output and systolic performance versus RVA pacing. This improvement however, is not reflected in tissue Doppler indices of synchronization and systolic performance.  相似文献