液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪血浆中除虫脲的方法学研究     

徐玉珍  刘希望  秦哲  李世宏  白莉霞  范丽萍  魏彦明  李剑勇  杨亚军 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(7):2746-2756

【目的】考察口服灭蝇蛆药除虫脲(diflubenzuron, DFB)预混剂灌服给药后,在猪体内的药代动力学特征,建立猪血浆中除虫脲浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。【方法】以除虫脲-¹³C₆(DFB-¹³C₆)为内标,血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白,离心后取上清液减压浓缩至干,甲醇-水(1∶1)复溶后进行分析。色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱;流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸水(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵),进行梯度洗脱;流速为0.4 mL/min;柱温为35℃;进样量为10μL。电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,多离子反应监测模式检测,DFB及内标的定量离子对分别为m/z 311.1→158.1和m/z 317.1→158.1。对色谱和质谱条件优化后,考察该方法的专属性、定量下限、基质效应、线性范围、准确度、精密度和样品稳定性等。【结果】所建立的方法灵敏度高,检测限为0.5 ng/mL,定量限为1 ng/mL;基质效应对样品的检测影响较小;标准溶液在1～1 000 ng/mL...  相似文献   

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测绿茶中硝苯地平     

刘超  景赞  吕雪梅 《中国果菜》2020,(3):44-46,70

风险监测显示市面上陆续出现了添加硝苯地平等二氢吡啶类降血压药物的绿茶,而我国目前尚未有绿茶中硝苯地平的权威检测方法。本试验根据实际需要建立了液相色谱串联质谱法检测绿茶中硝苯地平的方法。首先对绿茶样品进行前处理,采用甲醇超声提取,经过CARB-NH2固相萃取柱净化;然后进行色谱分析,以Inertsil ODS-3(150 mm×2.1 mm,5.0μm)为液相色谱柱,乙腈、0.2%乙酸水溶液为流动相,流速为0.3 mL/min;质谱采用正离子扫描,多反应监测方式检测绿茶中的硝苯地平含量。试验考察了方法学中的线性方程、检出限和定量限、加标回收率、重复性等指标。结果表明:在1~20 ng/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9996;检出限为13.8μg/kg,定量限为46.0μg/kg;加标回收率在2、4、8 ng/mL三个水平分别为83.5%、86.3%、89.6%,相应水平重复性依次为3.98%、3.43%、1.16%;所考察的指标均满足方法学要求。该方法操作简单、准确、可行,适用于绿茶中硝苯地平的检测。  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intramuscular administration at two dosages     

Saranya Poapolathep  Mario Giorgi  Narongsak Chaiyabutr  Narumol Klangkaew  Napasorn Phaochoosak  Tara Wongwaipairote  Amnart Poapolathep 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):141-146

One of the major obstacles to the successful treatment of infectious disease in freshwater crocodile species is incorrect dosing of antibiotics. There are few reports on pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens of antimicrobial drugs in crocodiles. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ceftriaxone (CEF) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). Freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus siamensis, in breeding farms were treated with a single intramuscular administration of CEF at two dosages, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 168 hr. The plasma concentrations of CEF were measured by a validated method through liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. CEF plasma concentrations were quantified up to 72 and 96 hr after low- and high-dose administration, respectively. The C_max values of CEF were 24.61 ± 5.15 µg/ml and 26.39 ± 2.81 µg/ml at dosages of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The AUC_last values increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The half-life values were not statistically different between the groups (around 20 hr). The average binding percentage of CEF to plasma protein was 53.78 ± 2.11%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break-point and the surrogate PK-PD index (T > MIC, 0.2 μg/ml), i.m. administration of CEF at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg b.w. might be appropriate for initiating treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in freshwater crocodiles.  相似文献   

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for Identification of Bacterial Isolates From Horses     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2020

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is used for bacterial identification by analyzing the spectra of isolates and comparing them against a database of reference spectra; it is known for its rapidity and accuracy. Although MALDI-TOF MS is used for identification of bacterial isolates from animals, not all animal pathogens are identified correctly. In this study, we used a commercial MALDI-TOF MS identification system to examine 3724 bacterial isolates from horses and their environments. Isolates that could not be identified with MALDI-TOF MS were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence taxonomic analysis. MALDI-TOF MS could identify 86.2% of the isolates from horses to the species level, showing that this method could be successfully applied for bacterial identification in horses. However, some species known to be equine pathogenic agents including Taylorella equigenitalis and Rhodococcus equi were difficult to identify with MALDI-TOF MS, which might be the result of an inadequate reference database. Some Prevotella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus isolates, which could not be identified with either MALDI-TOF MS or 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, formed clusters in the 16S rRNA phylogenic tree, and might be unknown species isolated from horses. Adding the spectra of isolates identified in this study to an in-house database might make MALDI-TOF MS a more useful tool for identifying equine isolates.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) after intravenous and intramuscular administration     

Natsuda Raweewan  Thanaphan Chomcheun  Weerapong Laovechprasit  Oranee Jongkolpath  Narumol Klangkaew  Napasorn Phaochoosak  Mario Giorgi  Amnart Poapolathep  Saranya Poapolathep 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):527-532

The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic features of tolfenamic acid (TA) in green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas. Green sea turtles were administered single either intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection of TA, at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 168 hr. The plasma concentrations of TA were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Tolfenamic acid plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 168 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration. The concentration of TA in the experimental green sea turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a noncompartment model. The C_max values of TA were 55.01 ± 8.34 µg/ml following i.m. administration. The elimination half-life values were 32.76 ± 4.68 hr and 53.69 ± 3.38 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 72.02 ± 10.23%, and the average binding percentage of TA to plasma protein was 19.43 ± 6.75%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, the i.m. administration of TA at a dosage of 4 mg/kg b.w. might be sufficient to produce a long-lasting anti-inflammatory effect (7 days) for green sea turtles. However, further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of TA for treatment of inflammatory disease after single and multiple dosages.  相似文献   

Characterization of porcine Trueperella pyogenes by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling in Sao Paulo State     

《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2017

Trueperella pyogenes can be found as a commensal or pathogenic bacterium among animals causing a variety of pyogenic infections in several species. The agent appears to act primarily as an opportunistic pathogen but may disseminate and produce metastatic abscesses accompanied or not by mastitis, metritis or pneumonia. In this study, 30 porcine T. pyogenes strains were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing and further evaluated in relation to their resistance and genetic profiles through broth microdilution and single enzyme AFLP. All strains were susceptible to β-lactams, florfenicol, gentamicin, spectinomycin and tiamulin. The highest resistance rates were observed for sulfonamides, tetracyclines and clindamycin. All isolates could be characterized by SE-AFLP presenting more than 80% of similarity, despite their distinct origins. Four genotypes were detected with the segregation of T. pyogenes ATCC 19411 from Brazilian T. pyogenes strains. No correlation between genotypes and isolates origins and susceptibility profile was observed.  相似文献   

Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis - The Role of Moraxella Species in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2021,37(2):279-293

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金霉素微囊颗粒在猪体内的比较药动学研究     

许颖  严常燕  杨伟聪  张云晓  于洋  黄显会 《中国农业科学》2020,53(19):4083-4091

【目的】采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）建立了金霉素在猪血浆中的药动学检测方法,以三元健康杂交猪为对象,研究了10%和15%金霉素微囊颗粒在猪体内的药物代谢动力学,为金霉素的临床应用提供依据。【方法】16头大长白三元杂交猪,体重(20±2.5)kg,随机分为禁食组和非禁食组2组,采用三药剂三周期三交叉试验设计,分别按10 mg·kg^-1 b.w.静注盐酸金霉素溶液、40 mg·kg^-1 b.w.灌服10%和15%金霉素微囊颗粒。每次给药间隔为7 d,根据试验前设定好的时间点采集血样,分离血浆,进行HPLC-MS/MS测定,血药浓度-时间数据采用WinNonlin5.2.1软件非房室模型处理,计算主要药动学参数。血浆样品用0.1 mol·L^-1 Na₂EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液超声提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,35℃水浴吹干后用甲醇定容,进行HPLC-MS/MS分析测定。色谱柱为CNW C₁₈柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸,梯度洗脱,流速为0.25 mL·min^-1;电喷雾离子源,多级反应监测正离子模式,外标法定量。猪血浆中金霉素的检测限为5 ng·mL^-1,定量限为10 ng·mL^-1,在5—500 ng·mL^-1范围内,方法的线性关系良好,低、中、高三个添加水平下,金霉素的平均回收率为76.90%—89.25%,批内、批间变异系数分别为2.97%—9.45%、6.16%—13.39%。该方法准确、灵敏,适用于金霉素在猪血浆中的测定。【结果】禁食组静注盐酸金霉素溶液主要药动学参数：AUC_0-∞为（57.42±23.53）mg·h·mL^-1,V/F为（5.67±2.12） L·kg^-1,MRT为（13.87±2.00）h,t_1/2为（19.93±5.26）h;分别灌服10%金霉素微囊颗粒和15%金霉素微囊颗粒后主要药动学参数：AUC_0-∞分别为（34.46±10.28 ）mg·h·mL^-1和（33.15±12.76） mg·h·mL^-1,C_max分别为（2.48±1.05） mg·mL^-1和（2.97±1.88 ）mg·mL^-1,T_max分别为（4.88±1.25）h和（3.13±1.55）h,V/F分别为（31.53±15.98）L·kg^-1和（32.30±9.69）L·kg^-1,MRT分别为（19.93±3.83）h和（17.41±1.80）h,t_1/2分别为（16.87±3.49）h和（17.13±3.58）h,F分别为（17.03±0.08）%和（15.82±5.16）%。非禁食组静注盐酸金霉素后药动学参数：AUC_0-∞为（37.58±21.30）mg·h·mL^-1,V/F为（12.59±6.43） L·kg^-1 ,MRT为（22.17±14.47）h,t_1/2为（27.79±12.82）h;分别灌服10%金霉素微囊颗粒和15%金霉素微囊颗粒后药动学参数：AUC_0-∞分别为（20.81±7.46）mg·h·mL^-1和（19.72±5.69）mg·h·mL^-1,C_max分别为（1.02±0.38）mg·mL^-1和（0.95±0.32）mg·mL^-1,T_max分别为（6.38±4.44）h和（8.00±5.24 ）h,V/F分别为（52.40±22.90） L·kg^-1和（52.47±19.69） L·kg^-1,MRT分别为（24.67±9.52）h和（23.37±4.21）h,t_1/2分别为（18.57±10.67）h和（16.64±5.12）h,F分别为（16.07±6.78）%和（15.26±5.26）%。【结论】灌服10%金霉素微囊颗粒（40 mg·mL^-1 b.w.）及15%金霉素微囊颗粒（40 mg·mL^-1 b.w.）后,药物在猪体内吸收缓慢,分布广,消除较慢,生物利用度低。与禁食组相比,非禁食组10%和15%金霉素微囊颗粒达峰时间更慢、峰浓度更低,但表观分布容积更大,生物利用度偏低,但统计学差异不显著。表明饲料不影响金霉素在猪胃肠道中的吸收,但会改变金霉素进入体内的药代动力学过程。  相似文献   

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术分析菠萝蜜多糖小鼠肠道代谢产物及代谢途径     

马之原  陈玉子  谭乐和  张彦军  吴刚  朱科学 《热带作物学报》2022,43(4):693-702

菠萝蜜在我国海南、广东、广西、云南、福建和台湾等地大量栽种,其果实营养丰富,含有糖类化合物、蛋白质、氨基酸、多酚、脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质等多种营养成分.其中,菠萝蜜多糖是一类由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖和半乳糖醛酸组成、分子量约为1668 kDa的生物大分子;具有促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、提高免疫细胞抗氧化活...  相似文献   

Resistance in the highly DDT-resistant 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster involves decreased penetration,increased metabolism,and direct excretion     

Joseph P. Strycharz  Alice Lao  Hongmei Li  Xinghui Qiu  Si Hyeock Lee  Weilin Sun  Kyong Sup Yoon  Jeffery J. Doherty  Barry R. Pittendrigh  J. Marshall Clark 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

Resistance to 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster is extremely high compared to the susceptible Canton-S strain (>1500 times). In addition to enhanced oxidative detoxification, the 91-R strain also has a reduced rate of DDT penetration, increased levels of reductive and conjugative metabolism, and substantially more excretion than the Canton-S strain. Contact penetration of DDT was ∼30% less with 91-R flies, which also had significantly more cuticular hydrocarbons and a thicker, more laminated cuticle compared to Canton-S flies, possibly resulting in penetration differences. DDT was metabolized ∼1.6-fold more extensively by 91-R than Canton-S flies, resulting in dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), two unidentified metabolites and polar conjugates being formed in significantly greater amounts. 91-R flies also excreted ∼4-fold more DDT and metabolites than Canton-S flies. Verapamil pretreatment reduced the LD₅₀ value for 91-R flies topically dosed with DDT by a factor of 10-fold, indicating that the increased excretion may involve, in part, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In summary, DDT resistance in 91-R is polyfactorial and includes reduced penetration, increased detoxification and direct excretion.  相似文献