离体条件下玉米籽粒发育动态研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈素省  张凤路  郝艳敏  赵国顺  江亚丽  王兆晓 《华北农学报》2006,21(Z1):28-31

采用玉米籽粒离体培养的方法研究了不同培养方式对玉米籽粒发育的影响,并对籽粒体积、粒重、可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质含量以及呼吸的变化动态进行了测定。结果表明,采用籽粒∶穗轴为3∶10的培养方式较好。离体籽粒的发育与大田玉米相同,该技术可以广泛应用于玉米生理研究。  相似文献   

低温下玉米幼苗叶片某些细胞器可溶性蛋白质的变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

武兰芳 《华北农学报》1990,5(2):38-43

抗冷性不同的玉米自交系在4～5℃低温处理 0、24、48、72小时后,三叶期幼苗叶片各细胞器中可溶性蛋白质的变化存在着明显的差异.不抗冷自交系各细胞器可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低,凝胶电泳有新蛋白质带出现;抗冷自交系可溶性蛋白质含量降低不显著,仅有细胞质部分出现一条新带.蛋白酶活性在低温处理初期降低,24小时后升高,且不抗冷自交系比抗冷自交系升高的速度快.试验证明,可溶性蛋白质含量的变化是鉴定植物抗冷性的重要指标,并发现有新蛋白质的适应谱带,是抗冷蛋白研究的重要基础.  相似文献   

Morphology, Cytology and Fertility of Avena sativa L. ×A. magna Murph. et Terrell Amphiploids     

M. N. Premachandran    R. N. Choubey  S. K. Gupta 《Plant Breeding》1986,97(3):268-271

The genotypes of Avena sativa were crossed to A. magna Murph. et Terrell, from the sterile pentapliod F₁ amphiploids were successfully developed after colchicine treatment. The C₁ plants were observed for their morphology, cytology and fertility. These plants were characterized by longer and broader glumes, swollen pedicel attachment, pubescent lemmas, bold seeds and persistent spikelets. Other characters, viz., final plant height, rachis length, peduncle length and spikelets per panicle were intermediate. All plants hail the chromosome number 2n = 70 or close to. 7C. Due to stickiness of chromosomes, meiosis of only two decaploid plants could be studied in detail. The average chromosome Association was 1.3 I + 28.56 II + 1.4 III + 1.77 IV + 0.07 VI and 0.13 I + 28.7 II + 0.14 III + 2.09 IV + 0.59 VI; but in some cells up to 35 bivalents were observed. Seed set as well as pollen fertility and size exhibited great variation.  相似文献   

几种雄性不育玉米小孢子发育的显微荧光观察   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周洪生  孙天恩 《华北农学报》1997,12(3):41-47

采用高灵敏度的显微荧光术研究同一背景材料的细胞质不育和细胞核不衣小孢子发育过程，目的在于比较同核异质及同质近等系的小孢子发育过程，从中找出规律性的现象。结果表明，几种不育类型小孢子均表现核物质的降解，只是降解的时期不同。由此认为，雄性不育的细胞学实质就是细胞的自我降解。  相似文献   

玉米改良单交种选育方法的研究：Ⅱ.姊妹系和姊妹种的配合力研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

罗福和  路凤银 《作物学报》1995,21(5):556-560

以ＧｒｉｆｉｎｇＩＩ双列杂交试验和ＮＣＩＩ遗传交配试验，测定玉米８个姊妹系及其２８个姊妹种的一般配合惫，结果两者基本一致。玉米妹系的一般配合力是一种遗传特性，它既可遗传给其组成的姊妹种，又能通过姊妹和种遗传给其组成的改良单交种；姊妹种的一般配合力与其双亲姊妹系一般配合力均值之间没有显著差异，并呈密切相关，这阐明了改良单交种与其对应的普通单交种相似的原因，并为改进和简化改良单交种选育程序提供理论依据  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization between Coffea arabica L. and tetraploid C. canephora P. ex Fr. I. Fertility in F1 hybrids and backcrosses to C. Arabica     

J. B. O. Owuor  H. A. M. Van Der Vossen 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):861-866

Summary The interspecific (C. arabica × tetraploid C. canephora) F₁ hybrid showed a low but highly variable fertility. An almost complete restoration to normal fertility was observed in individual trees of BC₁ and BC₂ generations with C. arabica as recurrent parent. From a comparison of various tests of fertility, it was found that pollen viability is a satisfactory measure of fertility.  相似文献   

基于SRAP标记的玉米自交系遗传多样性与群体结构分析     

石玲艳  侯建华  张永虎  吕品  王婷婷  杨旭东 《作物杂志》2015,(3):57-63

利用筛选出的31对SRAP引物,对33份玉米自交系进行PCR扩增,采用PopGene 1.23、Structure2.3.3等软件完成玉米自交系遗传多样性和群体结构剖析,为自交系合理利用和杂交组配提供理论依据。结果显示,31对SRAP引物共检测出196个等位变异,平均6.32个;多态性比率40.00%~70.59%,平均为53.08%;基因多样性为0.2156~0.8854,平均为0.5495;PIC为0.1809~0.8976,平均为0.5507。结构分析表明,K=4时,△K值最大,即这些自交系可以划分成4个类群,依次为Reid、旅大红骨、塘四平头与PB群,新选自交系也相应地被划分到这四大类群里,没有独立成群。4个类群中,塘四平头群与旅大红骨群的遗传关系最近,与Reid群遗传关系最远。从系谱的亲缘关系分析,大部分已知自交系其SRAP聚类结果与系谱追踪结果有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

干旱和遮光条件下玉米非光化学荧光猝灭的变化和组成的研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

赵明  丁在松  R Ishhill  陈鹂  张旭 《作物学报》2003,29(1):59-62

干旱和光照不足是干扰玉米光合作用,进而影响玉米高产的重要限制因素.为了了解玉米叶绿素非光化学荧光猝灭(qN)对干旱和遮光逆境的反应,我们研究了qN的主要叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明:(1) 干旱和遮光处理显著增加了最大值时的qNmax和稳定态时的qNs,降低了PSⅡ电子传递的光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ).(2) qNs与qNmax的比值与逆境的严重程  相似文献   

Yield and quality components of silage maize in killed and live cover crop sods     

S. V. Garibay  P. Stamp  H. U. Ammon  B. Feil 《European Journal of Agronomy》1997,6(3-4):179-190

In sloping areas with high precipitation, planting maize into live winter cover crop sods may help to alleviate the environmental problems associated with clean-tillage production systems of maize. The present study evaluates the performance of silage maize (Zea mays L.) under several cultivation methods: CC (conventional cropping system, i.e., maize was sown into the bare, autumn-ploughed soil); LGS/CK (maize was planted into a living Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sod which was subsequently herbicidally killed); and LGS/MR (similar to LGS/CK, but the ryegrass was mechanically regulated). The research was conducted in the midlands of Switzerland on a fertile sandy loam under humid conditions during three cropping seasons. With 110 kg N ha⁻¹ (fertilizer nitrogen plus mineral nitrogen of the soil at maize planting), the CC system was much more productive than were the LGS/CK and LGS/MR systems in terms of dry matter and nitrogen yields of maize. Increasing the nitrogen supply to 250 kg N ha⁻¹ considerably reduced the yield advantage of CC over the LGS/CK and LGS/MR systems, indicating that nitrogen was the most limiting factor for maize yield in the mulch seeding systems. With 250 kg N ha⁻¹, the LGS/CK and LGS/MR systems produced greater total yields of digestible organic matter (maize plus ryegrass) than did the CC system, whereas the total nitrogen yield was similar for all cropping systems. The whole-shoot concentrations of nitrogen were highest under CC, irrespective of the level of nitrogen supply. With 110 kg N ha⁻¹, concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium were clearly higher for the mulch seeding systems. There were only minor differences among the cropping methods in the concentrations of potassium and calcium in the whole shoot. When 250 kg N ha⁻¹ were applied, there were no significant variations among the cropping systems in the concentrations of minerals. Changes in the botanical composition of the cover crop sod and in the time and method of cover crop control may help to reduce the competition for nitrogen between maize and the living mulch.  相似文献   

Differential meiotic behaviour in hybrid clones of Aranda ‘Christine’ (Orchidaceae)     

S. B. Teoh  E. C. Ong 《Euphytica》1983,32(3):799-806

Summary The hybrid orchid clones of Aranda Christine show differential meiotic behaviour with respect to meiotic irregularities in the form of non-congressing chromosomes, laggards and complement fractionation. These irregularities occur in significantly variable but high frequencies, which results in the observed sterility of these hybrids. The observed differential meiotic behaviour is probably due to the transmission of a variable set of chromosomes from the third generation hybrid parent, Vanda Hilo Blue. Deviant spores, mainly polysporous and polyploid, are the end products of the meiotic aberrations. Such spores appear to be produced regularly in the intergeneric orchid hybrids.Meiosis in one of the Aranda Christine clones, C80, was found to be highly aberrant and could be unique among orchid hybrids.  相似文献