不同措施对滨海盐渍土壤呼吸、电导率和有机碳的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

米迎宾  杨劲松  姚荣江  余世鹏 《土壤学报》2016,53(3):612-620

在苏北滩涂围垦区的轻度和中度盐渍土上,通过田间试验,研究了不同农田管理措施(传统耕作、施用有机肥、氮肥增施、秸秆还田和免耕)对土壤盐分、呼吸和有机碳等的影响。结果表明,0~40cm土层平均电导率在玉米种植季明显升高,小麦种植季出现小幅降低,轻度盐渍土的电导率为4.57~8.20 d S m~(~(-1)) ,中度盐渍土为4.89~10.13 d S m~(~(-1)) ,处理之间秸秆还田最低,免耕最高,秸秆还田和施用有机肥有效减少了土壤盐分含量。与中度盐渍土相比,轻度盐渍土的呼吸强度较高,在夏玉米和冬小麦种植季节分别高约16%和18%。有机肥、氮肥增施、秸秆还田处理的土壤呼吸均高于对照,而免耕较低。两组试验的土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳均有缓慢增加,其中施用有机肥和秸秆还田可以大幅提高其含量。轻度盐渍土壤代谢熵高于中度盐渍土,总体上对照最高,免耕最低。  相似文献   

苯噻草胺光催化和直接光解影响因素和降解途径研究     

秦超  杨绍贵  孙成  蔡焕兴 《农业环境保护》2010,(4):806-811

采用微波辅助光催化降解和直接光解实验方法,研究了苯噻草胺在光催化和直接光解两种体系下的降解情况,并考察了初始pH值、腐植酸浓度以及阿特拉津对其光催化降解和直接光解的影响。结果表明,在光照4min内,苯噻草胺直接光解效率为93．3％,较光催化降解效率高出28．9％;初始pH值从1．88增加至10．28时,苯噻草胺光催化和光解速率常数分别提高了250％和58．6％;添加腐植酸对苯噻草胺的直接光解和光催化均具有抑制效应,并且抑制效应随着腐植酸浓度的增加而增加,当腐植酸浓度增加至40mg·L^-1时,直接光解和光催化降解速率分别降低了51．8％和47．5％;10mg·L^-1的阿特拉津抑制了苯噻草胺的前期降解,整体直接光解速率降低了46．3％,但整体光催化降解速率没有减小。此外,采用GC—MS对苯噻草胺两种降解体系下的主要中间产物进行鉴定,并提出了主要的光降解途径。  相似文献   

Chemical and biochemical properties in a silty loam soil under conventional and organic management   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sebastiana Melero  Juan Carlos Ruiz Porras  Juan Francisco Herencia  Engracia Madejon 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,90(1-2):162-170

To improve soil fertility, efforts need to be made to increase soil organic matter content. Conventional farming practice generally leads to a reduction of soil organic matter. This study compared inorganic and organic fertilisers in a crop rotation system over two cultivation cycles: first crop broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and second crop mixed cropped melon-water melon (Cucumis melo-Citrullus vulgaris) under semi-arid conditions. Total organic carbon (TOC), Kjeldahl-N, available-P, microbial biomass C (Cmic), and N (Nmic), soil respiration and enzymatic activities (protease, urease, and alkaline phosphatase) were determined in soils between the fourth and sixth year of management comparison. The metabolic quotient (qCO₂), the Cmic/Nmic ratio, and the Cmic/TOC ratio were also calculated. Organic management resulted in significant increases in TOC and Kjeldahl-N, available-P, soil respiration, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities compared with those found under conventional management. Crop yield was greater from organic than conventional fertilizer. The qCO₂ showed a progressive increase for both treatments during the study, although qCO₂ was greater with conventional than organic fertilizer. In both treatments, an increase in the Cmic/Nmic ratio from first to second crop cycle was observed, indicating a change in the microbial populations. Biochemical properties were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with TOC and nutrient content. These results indicated that organic management positively affected soil organic matter content, thus improving soil quality and productivity.  相似文献   

Relationship between molecular characteristics of soil humic fractions and glycolytic pathway and krebs cycle in maize seedlings     

Serenella Nardi  Adele Muscolo  Salvatore Baiano  Alessandro Piccolo 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(12):3138-3146

A humic acid (HA) isolated from a volcanic soil was separated in three fractions of decreasing molecular size (I, II and III) by preparative high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The molecular content of the bulk soil HA and its size fractions was characterized by pyrolysis-GC-MS (thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide) and NMR spectroscopy. All soil humic materials were used to evaluate their effects on the enzymatic activities involved in glycolytic and respiratory processes of Zea mays (L.) seedlings. The elementary analyses and NMR spectra of the humic fractions indicated that the content of polar carbons (mainly carbohydrates) increased with decreasing molecular size of separated fractions. The products evolved by on-line thermochemolysis showed that the smallest size fraction (Fraction III) with the least rigid molecular conformation among the humic samples had the lowest content of lignin moieties and the largest amount of other non-lignin aromatic compounds. The bulk HA and the three humic fractions affected the enzyme activities related to glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in different ways depending on molecular size, molecular characteristics and concentrations. The overall effectiveness of the four fractions in promoting the metabolic pathways was in the order: III>HA>II>I. The largest effect of Fraction III, either alone or incorporated into the bulk HA, was attributed to a flexible conformational structure that promoted a more efficient diffusion of bioactive humic components to maize cells. A better knowledge of the relationship between molecular structure of soil humic matter and plant activity may be of practical interest in increasing carbon fixation in plants and redirect atmospheric CO₂ into bio-fuel resources.  相似文献   

菜心对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收途径的初步研究   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

曾巧云  莫测辉  蔡全英  王伯光 《农业工程学报》2005,21(8):137-141

采用玻璃室处理和污染土壤覆盖原土壤来控制PAEs来源进行盆栽试验，应用GC/MS联机检测技术初步研究了菜心对PAEs的吸收途径。结果表明：污染土壤处理与污染土壤上覆盖原土壤处理相比，前者菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的含量均高于后者，但相差不大，表明菜心茎叶可以吸收污染土壤中挥发出来的DBP和DEHP，而根系吸收运移是菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的主要来源途径。玻璃室处理增加了菜心茎叶和根系中DBP的含量，而对DEHP的影响趋势不明显。DBP与DEHP相比，前者更易被菜心根系吸收并向地上部(茎叶)运移，后者主要滞留在根部。  相似文献   

响应辣椒疫霉菌诱导的CaWRKY转录因子筛选及其信号通路分析     

徐晓美  李颖  衡周  徐小万  李涛  王恒明 《中国农学通报》2022,38(32):22-31

在辣椒基因组中全面鉴定WRKY转录因子并筛选出受辣椒疫霉菌诱导的CaWRKY基因,并分析关键CaWRKY基因参与的信号通路。以CM334和NMCA10399为材料,基于辣椒基因组和RNA-seq数据,并在水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理下通过qRT-PCR技术检测基因表达并分析。全基因组共鉴定出69个CaWRKY基因。接菌后12 h,抗、感材料中分别鉴定出7个和3个差异表达基因;接菌后36 h,分别有13个和22个差异表达基因,表明抗病材料能更快速应答。在筛选出的8个关键CaWRKY基因中,CaWRKY19和CaWRKY65受SA诱导上调表达;CaWRKY50受MeJA诱导上调表达;CaWRKY25受SA诱导上调表达同时受到MeJA抑制下调表达,而CaWRKY49同时受SA和MeJA抑制下调表达,推测CaWRKY19和CaWRKY65通过SA,CaWRKY50通过JA,而CaWRKY25和CaWRKY49则通过SA和JA信号途径参与辣椒抗疫病防御反应。  相似文献   

花粉管通道法转基因抗虫棉外源基因的整合方式   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张保龙  倪万潮  张天真  郭旺珍  徐英俊  姚姝 《江苏农业学报》2004,20(3):144-148

对花粉管通道法培育的转Bt基因抗虫棉GK19、GK22、1016、1018、1022、1025、GK5、GKsu12和SGK1进行Southern杂交分析。结果表明,目的基因能够完整整合到基因组里,HindⅢ酶切位点有可能发生甲基化或丢失。除1018以外的上述8个抗虫棉的分析结果还表明,载体骨架没有整合到棉花基因组中。  相似文献   

Microbial biomass and activity along a natural pH gradient in forest soils in a karst region of the upper Yangtze River,China     

Ye Tian  Kikuo Haibara  Hiroto Toda  Fangjun Ding  Yanhui Liu  Dongsu Choi 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(4):205-214

Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing soil pH, while qCO₂ showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects, introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region.  相似文献   

Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of the Pigment Formation in Naturally Colored Cotton Fiber     

Ren Huimin  Tang Shouwu  Song Wu  Ke Liping  Sun Yuqiang  Liu Haifeng 《棉花学报》2019,31(4):352-360

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SIRT1 promotes autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells induced by hypoxia via regulating FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway     

TIAN She  JIANG Jian-xin  YU Chao  LI Lin  SUN Cheng-yi 《园艺学报》2019,35(9):1545-1550

AIM: To investigate the effect of SIRT1 on the autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia condition, and to analyze the underlying mechanism of regulating FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway. METHODS: Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to determine the expression of SIRT1 in the pancreatic cancer cells. The small interfering RNA targeting SIRT1 and SIRT1 over-expression plasmid were transfected into the pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells. Confocal microscopy was used to detect the LC3 expression. Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of LC3, p62 and FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway-related molecules. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detected the protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO1. RESULTS: The expression level of SIRT1 in the nucleus of Panc-1 cells was increased under hypoxia condition. Compared with negative control under hypoxia condition, knock-down of SIRT1 expression attenuated the autophagy flux in the pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells (P<0.05). Over-expression of SIRT1 increased the protein levels of FOXO1 and RAB7. On the contrary, knock-down of SIRT1 expression inhibited the protein levels of FOXO1 and RAB7. The protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO1 in the pancreatic cancer cells was observed. CONCLUSION: SIRT1 in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells under hypoxia condition is over-expressed in the nucleus. Down-regulation of SIRT1 inhibits autophagy and its mechanism may be related to FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway.  相似文献