20个无花果品种在重庆石漠化地区的引种鉴选     

齐代华 《中国果业信息》2022,51(2)

无花果树可用于石漠化治理,同时具有一定的经济价值。为筛选出适宜石漠化地区的优良无花果品种,本研究引进20个无花果品种为试验材料,对其生长特性、病虫害抗性和成活率进行比较分析,并采用主成分分析法对无花果品种品质进行综合评价。结果表明：丰产黄、波姬红、法紫为20个无花果树中品质优良的品种。因此,可在石漠化地区适当推广种植丰产黄、波姬红、法紫3个品种。  相似文献   

重庆万州柑橘轮斑病菌的鉴定及防治药剂筛选     

占爽  吴望  胡军华  吴玉珠  乔兴华  陈力  程兰  周彦 《中国果业信息》2021,50(1)

【目的】明确2018年起在重庆万州柑橘种植区新发生病害的病原菌,筛选有效防控药剂,为田间防治该病害和后续深入研究提供理论参考。【方法】通过组织分离法从患病样品中获得菌株,进行病原菌形态学、分子生物学和致病性鉴定,采用生长速率法测定不同药剂对目标菌株的毒力。【结果】此病害的病原菌为柑橘轮斑病菌Pseudofabraea citricarpa。病原菌对万州地区主栽的8个品种柑橘的叶、枝、果和昭通苹果及砀山酥梨果实具有致病性。苯醚甲环唑、咪酰胺、甲基硫菌灵等17种杀菌剂的EC50值小于3 mg/kg,代森锰锌与啶酰菌胺1：64比列复配、克菌丹与苯醚甲环唑1：1比例复配、代森锰锌和矿物油1:50比例复配对菌株生长抑制效果良好。【结论】重庆万州柑橘种植园区发生柑橘轮斑病,病原菌对柑橘枝、叶、果和其它果树果实都具有致病性。17种药剂单用或复配对病原菌生长有抑制作用,可进一步用于田间实验。  相似文献   

杨梅褐斑病防治药剂的筛选与应用及其对嘧菌酯敏感基线的建立     

戴德江 《中国果业信息》2018,47(1)

采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了11种杀菌剂对杨梅褐斑病菌的离体抑菌活性,结果表明,嘧菌酯的抑制活性最强,EC50值为0.96 mg/L;百菌清的活性最弱,EC50值为69.24 mg/L;其余药剂的抑制活性依次为吡唑醚菌酯＞氟硅唑>腈菌唑>抑霉唑>戊唑醇>咪鲜胺>喹啉铜>代森锰锌>多菌灵,EC50值在3.25～68.73 mg/L之间。林间试验结果表明,嘧菌酯对杨梅褐斑病具有很好的控制效果,其防效显著优于喹啉铜和多菌灵。进一步的研究结果表明,供试100株杨梅褐斑病菌对嘧菌酯的EC50值在0.15～2.17 mg/L之间,呈近似正态的连续分布,其平均EC50值为0.97?.22 mg/L,可作为该病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线,用于田间抗药性监测。  相似文献   

10种杀细菌剂对火龙果细菌性茎腐病菌的毒力测定     

赵世学  符碧海  戴进  朱朝华  谭志琼  张荣意 《中国果业信息》2016,45(2)

采用抑菌圈法,对10种杀细菌剂在火龙果茎腐病病原上进行了毒力测定。结果表明：72%农用硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂、53.8%氢氧化铜水分散颗粒剂（杜邦TM）、45%代森铵水剂、47%春雷?王铜可湿性粉剂、50%福美双可湿性粉剂和3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂对火龙果茎腐病病原均有一定抑制效果。其中,45%代森铵水剂和50%福美双可湿性粉剂防治效果较好,抑制率分别达到78.88%和71.42%,其直线回归方程分别为y=2.380 2.477x,y=2.896 1.146x,EC50分别为0.4929,0.0240。72%农用硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂效果次之,抑制率达到66.67%,直线回归方程为y=1.020 1.040x,EC50值为2.5686。这3种药剂可作为火龙果茎腐病田间药效试验的首选药剂。  相似文献   

A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity     

Carmela Gallo  Giusi Barra  Marisa Saponaro  Emiliano Manzo  Laura Fioretto  Marcello Ziaco  Genoveffa Nuzzo  Giuliana d&#x;Ippolito  Raffaele De Palma  Angelo Fontana 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.  相似文献   

Screening for Small Molecule Inhibitors of BMP-Induced Osteoblastic Differentiation from Indonesian Marine Invertebrates     

Hiroyuki Yamazaki  Satoshi Ohte  Henki Rotinsulu  Defny S. Wewengkang  Deiske A. Sumilat  Delfly B. Abdjul  Wilmar Maarisit  Magie M. Kapojos  Michio Namikoshi  Takenobu Katagiri  Hiroshi Tomoda  Ryuji Uchida 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

  相似文献   

Rapid screening of genetically modified ingredients in soybean and cotton processing by-product and waste using direct qPCR     

《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2020,5(3):142-148

To develop a simple and fast method for screening genetically modified ingredients from processing by-product and waste, direct quantitative PCR (qPCR) kit-Taqman which omitting multi genomic DNA preparing steps was developed in this study. A total of 18 oil crop processing by-products and wastes including 10 soybean and 8 cotton materials were collected from food processing factories. Compared with 2 commercial direct qPCR kits, conditions of DNA releasing procedure and PCR amplification were optimized. Element screening was performed at the initial step of genetically modified (GM) ingredient testing procedure via direct qPCR. GM event identification was carried out in positive samples by initial screening. Totally 5 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, Cp4-epsps, bar and pat) for soybean materials and 6 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, NPTII, Cry1Ac, bar and pat) for cotton samples were detected. In GM event identification, MON531 and MON1445 were found in cotton materials. Results were further confirmed by real-time PCR with DNA extraction and purification. The direct qPCR system proposed by this research was convenient for rapid screening and identification of GM ingredients in oil crop primary by-product and waste.  相似文献   

河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培基质筛选     

贾靓  陈修斌  李翊华  许耀照 《蔬菜》2020,(6):53-56

为提高番茄无土栽培质量,以番茄品种"金福莱"为试材,研究了6种不同配比基质对河西走廊温室无土栽培番茄生长的影响。结果表明:采用处理Ⅳ(沙∶玉米秸秆∶食用菌下脚料∶商品基质∶鸡粪=4∶5∶5∶6∶3)的基质配比(体积比),番茄光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2和气孔导度数值最大,植株保持较强的生长势与结果能力,番茄株高、茎粗、单株结果数、单株产量和折合667 m~2产量等性状均显著优于其他处理,分别为178.60 cm、1.13 cm、16.36个、3.12 kg和7 531.68 kg;其果实的可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、VC和番茄红素含量最高,分别为4.15%、0.58%、7.30%、302.2 mg/kg和152.4 mg/kg,明显优于其他处理;因此,在河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培中推荐使用此配比基质。  相似文献   

枸杞炭疽病生防菌株筛选、生物功能测定及防治效果     

李佳佳  李昭煜  漆永红  潘晓梅  田永强 《植物保护学报》2020,47(6):1343-1352

为研发对枸杞炭疽病有良好防治效果的生防制剂,利用枸杞炭疽病菌Colletotrichum acutatum对实验室已分离保存的芽胞杆菌菌株进行室内筛选,并对拮抗效果较好的菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定、病原菌孢子萌发抑制试验、生物学功能测定、稳定性测定、抑菌谱测定以及室内离体防治效果试验和田间防治效果试验。结果表明,菌株F3A对枸杞炭疽病菌有较好的拮抗作用,对枸杞炭疽病菌菌丝的抑制率为62.13%;结合形态学特征、16S rDNA以及gyrA基因序列分析,将菌株F3A鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis;菌株F3A具有溶解有机磷和无机磷的能力,在含色氨酸和不含色氨酸的金氏培养液中产吲哚乙酸量分别为5.76 mg/L和5.74 mg/L;菌株F3A产蛋白酶和葡聚糖酶的活性较高;菌株F3A连续培养20代后,对枸杞炭疽病菌的抑制率为61.21%,该菌对棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vesinfectum、番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani、黄瓜枯萎病菌F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum、番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、番茄叶霉病菌Cladosporium fulvum、茄子菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和黄芪根腐病菌F.solani的抑制率分别为40.71%、53.58%、32.00%、53.00%、79.27%、71.13%和66.08%;菌株F3A发酵液的保护作用明显优于治疗作用,菌株F3A发酵液1倍稀释液室内预防效果为90.32%;喷施菌株F3A发酵液1倍稀释液3 d和7 d后的田间防治效果分别为78.26%和63.19%。表明菌株F3A有作为开发枸杞炭疽病生物农药的潜力。  相似文献   

黄瓜绵腐病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂的筛选     

邹芬  何烈干  李湘民  黄瑞荣  马辉刚 《植物保护学报》2020,47(6):1313-1320

为有效防控黄瓜绵腐病,本研究对自江西省南昌市南昌县武阳镇和八一乡采集的黄瓜绵腐病病样进行分离,基于致病性测定、形态学特征和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定甲霜灵、霜霉威、霜脲氰、烯酰吗啉4种常用杀菌剂对该病原菌和辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici的抑制效果。结果表明,自武阳镇和八一乡采集的病样经分离、纯化培养后分别获得12株和10株菌株;自武阳镇分离的病原菌的藏卵器柄较直,藏卵器大小为18.1~32.9 μm;自八一乡分离的病原菌的藏卵器柄较弯曲,藏卵器大小为15.1~25.3 μm;结合致病性测定及rDNA-ITS测序结果,将自武阳镇分离的病原菌鉴定为瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum,将自八一乡分离的病原菌鉴定为德里腐霉Py.deliense。室内毒力测定结果表明,甲霜灵对瓜果腐霉和德里腐霉抑制效果最好,EC₅₀分别为0.71 μg/mL和0.25 μg/mL;霜脲氰次之,EC₅₀分别为3.68 μg/mL和3.36 μg/mL,甲霜灵、霜霉威、霜脲氰3种杀菌剂对瓜果腐霉、德里腐霉和辣椒疫霉的抑制效果差别不大,但烯酰吗啉对瓜果腐霉、德里腐霉和辣椒疫霉抑制效果差异明显,EC₅₀分别为18.06、33.58和0.18 μg/mL,表明防治黄瓜绵腐病优先选择甲霜灵。  相似文献