The effects of swimming exercise on growth and whole-body protein and fat contents of fed and unfed fingerling yellowtail   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroshi Yogata 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1100-1105

SUMMARY: Fingerling yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (initial mean body weight 4.3 g), an active pelagic fish, were reared under fed (4 weeks) and unfed (1 week) conditions to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth performance and whole body composition. The fish were raised in three water velocities: < 0.3 body length/s (bl/s), 1.0 bl/s, and 2.25 bl/s and fed diets containing two fat levels (13.2 and 20.3%). The exercised fish had significantly higher weight gains and feed efficiencies than the unexercised fish in both dietary fat levels. A second-order polynomial suggested that the optimum water velocity for the growth occurred at about 1.6 bl/s. The whole-body crude protein and fat contents were higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish, and consequently apparent body protein and fat retentions were improved in both dietary fat levels by swimming. However, during 1 week starvation, body fat loss/g body weight loss was higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish. The results of the present study clearly show that swimming condition improves growth performance of fingerling yellowtail, and suggest that swimming exercise stimulates both anabolism and catabolism of protein and fat; however, under fed conditions anabolism appears superior to catabolism.  相似文献   

一个新的拟南芥磷饥饿反应突变体筛选体系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常胜合  舒海燕  秦广雍  吴玉萍 《中国农学通报》2005,21(12):202-202

磷是植物必需的一种大量营养元素。农作物的产量经常因磷饥饿而受损。研究植物在磷饥饿条件下所发生的变化,有利于以后运用基因工程的手段培育耐低磷农作物。将野生型拟南芥与磷饥饿反应突变体进行对比研究,能够为植物对磷饥饿反应的研究提供重要线索。筛选植物对磷饥饿反应突变体,筛选方法是非常重要的。野生型拟南芥在供磷正常的培养基上竖直培养时主根向下,同时呈较大幅度的弯曲。在磷饥饿的培养基上主根则几乎是垂直向下的,而且主根相对较为短小。利用这种现象,在供磷正常的培养基上种植的拟南芥植株中发现了一株可能的新的磷饥饿反应突变体。  相似文献   

Effects of starvation and feeding on the fatty acid profiles of Stage I phyllosoma of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii     

G G Smith  P A Thompson  A J Ritar  & G A Dunstan 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(5):419-426

Fatty acid analyses were conducted on newly hatched and 8‐day‐old‐starved and fed Stage I phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Fed animals were offered excess 1.5 mm juvenile Artemia (enriched using the alga Isochrysis galbana, Tahitian isolate, T. iso.). After 8 days, there were significant increases in larval dry weight and the proportion of lipid in fed phyllosoma, whereas these parameters decreased in starved phyllosoma. The abundance of the saturated fatty acids 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 increased in both starved and fed phyllosoma, whereas the main monounsaturated fatty acids 16 : 1n‐7, 18 : 1n‐9 and 18 : 1n‐7 increased with feeding but decreased with starvation. There were no significant differences in the relative proportions of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) arachidonic (AA, 20 : 4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20 : 5n‐3) and docosahexanoic (DHA, 22 : 6n‐3) acids between newly hatched and starved animals, whereas quantitatively DHA decreased with starvation and feeding. The DHA/EPA ratio was significantly lower in the starved and fed phyllosoma (0.5) compared with that found in the newly hatched phyllosoma (0.9). The lipid profiles of the newly hatched, starved and fed phyllosoma contained large amounts of n‐6 fatty acids resulting in low n‐3 : n‐6 ratios (2.8, 2.7 and 1.6 respectively). The importance of these results and the ability of enriched Artemia to provide a suitable fatty acid profile for this species are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of starvation and re-alimentation periods on growth performance and hyperphagic response of Sparus aurata     

Eroldo&#;an Orhan Tufan  Kumlu Metin  & Sezer Bar&#;&#; 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(5):535-537

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Long-term starvation in the European eel: general effects and responses of pituitary growth hormone-(GH) and somatolactin-(SL) secreting cells     

M. Olivereau  J.M. Olivereau 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):261-269

European eels reaching the silver stage stop feeding in freshwater and during their spawning migration to the Sargasso sea (6000 km at least in the Ocean). The total duration of this exceptional fast is not well known. Few data are available on the general condition and the endocrine responses to starvation of migrating eels. In this study male (silver) and female (yellow and silver) eels were kept in freshwater without food for various lengths of time. Animals were killed after 7 months to 3 or 4 years. After a gradual decrease, the final body weight was reduced by 84% in males (52 months) and 67–69% in females (up to 4 years). The condition factor (K) followed a parallel curve. In the pituitary gland, GH cells were hypertrophied and highly stimulated. Their cross-sectional area was negatively correlated to K. Large GH cells remained well immunostained with an anti-eel GH serum after 7 to 12 months of starvation. In the leanest eels, the immunostaining was often reduced and many GH cells appeared degranulated, suggesting a low hormonal storage. In contrast, SL cells were reduced in size and number in the anterior half of the neurointermediate lobe (NIL), but showed a more heterogeneous picture in the caudal portion. GH and SL cell activities seemed to be negatively correlated in starved fish and controlled by different mechanisms. GH appears to play a major role in the long-term survival of fasted eels; SL does not seem to be involved.  相似文献   

Feeding strategy with alternate fasting and refeeding: effects on farmed pacu production     

Takahashi LS  Biller JD  Criscuolo-Urbinati E  Urbinati EC 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(2):259-266

A 36-day trial was conducted to determine the effects of repetitive periods of food restriction and refeeding on growth and energy metabolism in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A total 264 juvenile fish (36.9±2.8 g) were fed with the experimental diet for 36 days using three regimes: (i) feeding daily to satiation (FD); (ii) no feed for 3 days, then feeding the same amount offered to the control groups for the next 3 days (NF/R controlled); and (iii) no feed for 3 days, then feeding to apparent satiation for the next 3 days (NF/R at satiation). The treatments were distributed into four tanks each. WG and SGR were higher in FD group. Fish refed showed hyperphagia just up to the second day of refeeding. The worst feed conversion rate and the lowest protein efficiency ratio were found in fish NF/R controlled. The lowest values of visceral fat somatic index were found in both fasted fish groups, particularly in NF/R at satiation. The LL and glycogen concentrations, and the hepatosomatic index were all elevated in both feed restricted fish. Muscle lipid showed a tendency to decrease after the cycle of fasting and refeeding. Plasma free fatty acids and glucose levels were elevated in fish subjected to feeding restrictions while serum triglycerides levels were reduced. Triiodothyronine levels were significantly depressed in fish from the NF/R-controlled group and remained at the same levels as the control fish in fish NF/R at satiation. Results indicated that fish subjected to cyclic periods of 3-day satiation or controlled feeding after 3-days of fasting were unable to achieve the final body weight of fish fed to satiation after 36 days.  相似文献   

温度对军配盲蝽耐饥力及捕食效能影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗优  殷郑艳  赵如娜  陈文龙 《植物保护》2021,47(4):118-121

为明确温度变化对军配盲蝽 Stethoconus japonicus 成虫耐饥力及其捕食作用的影响, 了解其控害潜能, 在15?20?25?30℃和35℃ 5个处理温度, RH(70±5)%, L∥D=14 h∥10 h下测定了军配盲蝽成虫耐饥力及对不同密度(5?10?15?20头/皿 和25头/皿)悬铃木方翅网蝽 Corythucha ciliata 的日均捕食量?不同温度下军配盲蝽成虫对悬铃木方翅网蝽成虫的捕食功能反应均属于Holling Ⅱ型?15~35℃范围内, 随着温度的升高, 军配盲蝽耐饥饿力逐渐减弱; 在该温度范围内, 军配盲蝽成虫对悬铃木方翅网蝽的捕食效能先增强后减弱; 同一温度下, 军配盲蝽成虫对悬铃木方翅网蝽的寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而降低?在30℃下, 军配盲蝽成虫的捕食效能( ɑ ′/Th)最大, 为14.986 8, 捕食上限(1/Th)为41.2头, 15℃下, ɑ ′/Th最小, 为3.458 3, 1/Th最低, 为16.7头?温度对军配盲蝽成虫的耐饥力与捕食效能有显著影响, 研究结果可为军配盲蝽的田间释放和保护提供参考依据?  相似文献   

中国沿海河口地区鳗苗耐饥力的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

解玉浩  富丽静 《水产科学》1994,13(6):3-7

采自韩江口、闽江口、钱塘江口、长江口外和鸭绿江口鳗苗耐饥力的研究结果表明，淡水组和半咸水组中的鳗苗，饥饿存活时间最长，１００％死亡的平均时间分别为８１．３—１３１天、３９２６２—５６７１２度时积和８７—１６１．３天、４５０３４—７５０９７度时积；平均减重百分比为６５．７—８１．１％和６１．４—７４．５％。方差分析和多重比较显示，淡水组平均存活的度时积，韩江与闽江间无显著差异；钱塘江、长江、鸭绿江间亦无差异；而韩江与钱塘江、鸭绿江间有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；韩江与长江有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。除长江外，其余４条江口样品平均存活度时积，由南向北递减。蒸馏水组存活的时间最短，可能主要是渗透压调节机能障碍造成的；饥饿不是主要致死原因。  相似文献   

番茄14-3-3基因家族对于P缺乏引起的空间和组织特异性表达     

XU Wei-Feng  SHI Wei-Ming  YAN Feng 《土壤圈》2012,22(6):735-745

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不同摄食状态下南方鲇幼鱼肠道黏液细胞的量化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李凤杰  曾令清  葛胜东  李秀明  黄小铭  张耀光 《中国水产科学》2013,20(1):75-81

量化分析了南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼在正常摄食节律下摄食前(S0d)、摄食后64 h(S0d-64h)、饥饿16d(S16d)、饥饿32 d(S32d)以及饥饿后首次恢复摄食64 h(S16d-64h,S32d-64h)肠道各类型黏液细胞的反应特征。结果发现,摄食后肠道各部位黏液细胞总数均有一定程度减少,其中前肠减少最为显著(P<0.05);中肠和后肠II型黏液细胞数量显著减少(P<0.05),中肠的III型黏液细胞数量显著增多(P<0.05);肠腔中黏液增多,黏液细胞呈空泡结构。S16d组和S16d-64h组前肠和中肠的I型细胞数量显著减少(P<0.05),III型细胞数量显著增多(P<0.05)。S32d组和S32d-64h组前肠各类型细胞数量以及黏液细胞总数变化不明显(P>0.05);中肠的II型细胞数量显著增多(P<0.05),IV型细胞数量显著减少(P<0.05);饥饿和恢复摄食后肠各类型黏液细胞数目变化不明显(P>0.05)。研究表明,南方鲇幼鱼肠道黏液细胞的摄食反应明显;饥饿胁迫以及恢复摄食后肠道黏液细胞的反应特征与肠道各段的生理功能相适应;面对营养胁迫时,肠道前段能迅速调节黏液细胞的数目,而后肠基本不变,可能是该鱼应对营养缺乏的保护性适应机制。  相似文献