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The rarity and decline of the bittern Botaurus stellaris in Britain has prompted large-scale wetland restoration and more recently, wetland creation projects. In order to guide such habitat management, we investigated whether any large or fine-scale features within British wetland sites best described the selection of female bittern nesting positions. Birds nested in continuous vegetation (usually Phragmites dominated) that was on average 100 m at its narrowest width. When compared with random locations, nests had less scrub and more vegetated open water edge in their wider vicinity and were immediately surrounded by smaller percentage coverage of non-Phragmites species and thicker Phragmites stems. Of most importance, female bitterns nested at points where deeper water was maintained into the driest part of the season, perhaps using the presence of water tolerant plant species as an indication of this. The results can be used to aid the design of new wetland sites to take into account the needs of nesting female bittern. 相似文献
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Ali Fuat Canbolat 《Biological conservation》2004,116(1):81-91
Many parts of the Turkish coastline are important nesting grounds for sea turtles. The aim of this study was to assess the present state of sea turtle populations along the coastline of Turkey, by evaluating research conducted at various nesting grounds from 1979 to 2000. The results of the evaluation indicate that the Turkish coastline is the most important nesting area for Chelonia mydas, and the third most important nesting area for Caretta caretta after Greece and Libya (if nesting estimates for Libya are correct) in the entire Mediterranean. The most important C. caretta nesting beaches in Turkey are Dalyan (11.9%), Kumluca (11.3%), Belek (27.9%), Kizilot, (8.9%) and Anamur (8.8%), while those for C. mydas are Kazanli (24.1%) and Akyatan (54.4%). These sites are classified as “Nesting Areas of 1st Degree Importance”. Annual mean nest numbers along the coastline of Turkey are estimated to be ca. 2000 for C. caretta and 650 for C. mydas. Assuming that each adult female sea turtle nests three times per season, the annual numbers of nesting females along the beaches of Turkey range between about 500 and 800 for C. caretta and 130 and 300 for C. mydas. Annual nesting densities along the 204 km beach strip, which includes 17 important nesting grounds in Turkey, were 11.3 nests/km for C. caretta and 19.2 nests/km for C. mydas. 相似文献
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Worldwide, green turtle Chelonia mydas populations have declined and the species is classified as globally endangered. Tortuguero, Costa Rica, hosts the largest remaining green turtle rookery in the Atlantic basin. Tortuguero green turtles have been hunted since pre-Columbian times. Monitoring and conservation of the green turtle population began in 1955. The long-term efforts provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate the success of sea turtle conservation action and policies. Nest counts conducted 1971-2003 were analyzed to: (1) determine the nesting trend, (2) estimate rookery size and (3) identify events and policy decisions influencing the trend. A nonparametric regression model indicates a 417% increase in nesting over the study period. Rookery size was defined as the mean number of nests 1999-2003 and estimated at 104,411 nests year−1, corresponding to 17,402-37,290 nesting females year−1. A comparison with 34 index populations verifies Tortuguero as one of the two largest green turtle rookeries worldwide. Events and policy decisions in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama that comprise the main nesting, feeding and mating grounds for the Tortuguero population are likely to have had the greatest influence on green turtle survivorship. Conservation efforts and policies catalyzing increased hatchling production and decreased adult and juvenile mortality since 1963 have contributed to the positive nesting trend. The trend demonstrates that long-term conservation efforts can reverse nesting declines and offers hope that adequate management can result in recuperation of endangered sea turtle species. 相似文献
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多嵌套空间尺度农田土壤重金属空间变异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用地统计学技术对棕壤土典型地块进行了重金属多尺度嵌套空间变异和结构来源分析.选取5种反映土壤污染水平的典型重金属元素铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)以及类重金属元素砷(As)进行采样检测.利用克里格法插值拟合,选择最优拟合模型,确定了合理采样间距.结合半方差和分维数分析,研究确定了合理采样尺度.采取主成分分析和半方差分析相结合的方法,确定土壤重金属来源,指导农业管理措施.研究表明,农田土壤重金属主要由成土母质、降水灌溉和农药施肥构成.中等尺度符合半方差模型拟合,变程的范围从319 m到752 m不等.其中球面模型更适合土壤重金属空间分布拟合描述. 相似文献
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2012—2015年每年的4—7月份,在内蒙古扎鲁特旗地区对三道眉草鹀的窝卵数和营巢成功率进行了研究。结果表明:三道眉草鹀的平均窝卵数为(4.46±0.72)枚·巢~(-1)(n=47),平均孵卵期为(12.44±0.53)d(n=9),孵化率为0.52,Mayfield营巢成功率为0.22,直接观察法营巢成功率为0.34。三道眉草鹀营巢成功率的主要影响因素为天敌捕食和人为干扰,因此,应加强对西伯利亚山杏的保护和管理,制定合理的放牧政策以提高三道眉草鹀的营巢成功率。 相似文献
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Though it is undoubted that tropical bees are influenced by habitat composition, few studies have investigated the relative importance of both local and landscape-level habitat parameters in supporting large and diverse bee communities. The conservation of native bee communities within agroforestry landscapes is particularly urgent given the importance of pollination services within these systems. In this study, we examined tropical bee communities within a largely deforested shade coffee-growing region in Chiapas, Mexico. We used regression tree modeling to examine the response of bee functional groups to local and landscape-level habitat management. Our models revealed that the most predictive factors for bee abundance and species richness were the number of tree species, the number of tree species in flower, and the canopy cover of the local agroforestry landscape. Solitary bees were most abundant in habitats with high canopy cover, while social bees were most abundant in habitats with greater tree species richness. Cavity-nesting and wood-nesting bee abundance was positively affected by the amount of canopy cover in the farm, while ground-nesting bees were most abundant in habitats with a large number of tree species in flower. Our results demonstrate that across bee sociality groups, nesting guilds, and tribes, the most critical factor impacting native bee communities was within-farm local vegetation management. These results reveal the important role that agroforestry managers can have on biodiversity conservation, and the potential contribution they can make by creating resource-rich agricultural matrices. Specifically, our findings highlight the importance of diverse overstory tree management in supporting native bee communities within tropical agroforestry systems. 相似文献