pH变化对污泥中重金属Pb·Ni形态及迁移性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈茂林  马楫 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(26):16063-16065

采用BCR连续提取法,对污泥中2种重金属Pb和Ni的形态随pH的变化进行了研究。结果表明,pH对污泥中Pb和Ni的形态有重要影响,对于污泥中Pb,其主要以氧化态和残渣态为主,随pH的增加,残渣态和氧化态的总含量降低;而对于污泥中的Ni,氧化态是其主要形态。pH对Ni的生物有效性具有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

Effect of Enhanced Nickel Levels on Wheat Plant Growth and Physiology under Salt Stress     

Q. Ain  J. Akhtar  M. A. Haq  Z. A. Saqib 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(22):2538-2546

A pot experiment was conducted to study the response of wheat to concurrent stresses of salinity and nickel (Ni)-toxicity. Soil was spiked with Ni (0, 20 and 40 mg kg^?1) combined with two levels of salinity (control and 10 dS m^?1) using Ni(ii) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂.6H₂O) and sodium chloride (NaCl), respectively, in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Plants were harvested at the tailoring stage and the results showed that wheat growth was positively affected by Ni at 20 mg kg^?1, and negatively at 40 mg kg^?1 concentration both in control and at 10 dS m^?1. Ni (20 mg kg^?1) had a nonsignificant positive effect on tissue potassium (K⁺) and a significant negative effect on Na⁺ concentration. Moreover, Ni translocation from root to shoot and accumulation decreased by increasing the levels of Ni in both control and salinity treatments. It can be concluded that Ni at 20 mg kg^?1 increased wheat growth by alleviating salinity stress; however, at 40 mg kg^?1 it aggravated the plant stress and decreased the plant growth.  相似文献   

河北省农田土壤中的镍   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马建军  朱京涛  刘玉艳  于凤鸣  杜彬 《土壤》2008,40(5):802-805

分析测定了河北省农田主要类型耕层土壤中的Ni含量及土壤中Ni含量的剖面变化,结果表明,河北省农田土壤中Ni的平均含量为26.48mg/kg,含量范围为8.62～94.77mg/kg,土壤中Ni含量水平在20～30mg/kg范围内分布频率最高。土壤中Ni的含量总体变化趋势是由北向南、由西向东呈逐渐增加趋势。主要类型土壤中Ni的平均含量水平高低为棕壤土>潮土>褐土>栗钙土;4种类型土壤中Ni含量的剖面变化表现为下层略高于表层,但含量差异不显著。农田土壤中Ni含量的变化与土壤pH值、全盐量及有机质的含量变化相关性不显著。  相似文献   

植物–微生物联合修复镍污染土壤研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

瞿攀  伏毅  刘绵学  王艳  黄敏 《土壤》2019,51(1):11-18

土壤健康是粮食安全的保障,人类活动给土壤造成的污染亟待治理。镍是人体必需微量元素,但过量的镍具有较大的毒性。目前我国土壤中镍污染比较严峻,应尽快响应《土壤污染防治行动计划》来改善土壤中镍污染状况。本文综述了植物–微生物联合修复技术的基本原理,微生物在镍污染土壤中对植物生长状况、有效态镍含量以及植物吸收镍的影响,对寻找合适的植物和微生物修复镍污染土壤具有重要意义;最后,提出将有机酸运用到植物–微生物联合修复镍污染土壤中、建立PGPB库和寻找我国超富集植物等下一步研究的重点。  相似文献   

The cooling structure of Ni MH batteries in hybrid electric vehicles     

YANG Ya lian  ZHANG Xin  LI Long jian  QIN Da tong  HU Ming hui 《保鲜与加工》2009,(4):415-419

Focusing on Ni MH batteries used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), a simulation analysis of the flow and temperature fields of the cooling structure in existing batteries is carried out using computational fluid dynamics software. The results show that the temperature uniformity is poor. The uniformity of the flow and the temperature fields is improved by adjusting the baffle and battery positions, changing the tilt angle and the distance between the batteries, inserting wind plates and a coating insulation layer. The coating insulation layer achieves the best effect. Further simulation shows that the coating insulation layer method has the best effects. The results provide the design basis for thermal management program of Ni MH batteries in HEV.  相似文献   

异种材料罐体焊接工艺的研究     

胡广林  刘志颖  赵宁 《长江大学学报》2007,4(2):86-88

在异种材料焊接性能分析和MAG焊接试验的基础上,探讨了奥氏体不锈钢(0Cr18Ni9)和低温压力容器用钢(16MnDR)角接接头的焊接工艺。通过电网变电站高压开关设备(GIS)的焊接实践,获得较好的焊接接头,满足了压力容器规程对罐体的焊接要求。  相似文献   

Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Li⁺对西藏拟溞的急性与联合毒性效应     

霍元子  赵文  魏杰 《中国水产科学》2011,18(2):466-471

分别将Cu~2+,Zn~2+ Co~'+,Ni~2+和Li~+按照等对数间距法设置浓度梯度,测定其对西藏拟溞(Daphniopsis tibetanaSars)的急性毒性,根据各单种金属的48 h EC_50值,按毒性1:1等距离设置浓度梯度测定这些金属离子对西藏拟溞的联合毒性.结果表明,西藏拟溞对这5种金属离子表现出了较高的耐受性,其毒性由强到弱依次为铜、锌、钻、镍、锂,其24 h EC_50分别为12.75 mg/L,18.32 mg/L,83.26 mg/L,196.97 mg/L,386.34 mg/L;48 h EC_50分别为3.27 mg/L,4.96 mg/L,27.49 mg/L,66.09 mg/L和325.42 mg/L.联合毒性实验中,Cu+Zn,Co+Ni,Co+Li,Ni+Li,Co+Ni+Li,Cu+Zn+Li和Cu+Zn+Co+Ni+Li对西藏拟溞的毒性效应为拮抗作用,而Cu+Zn+Li,Cu+Zn+Ni和Cu+Zn+Co+Ni对西藏拟溞表现出先拮抗作用后协同作用的毒性效应.西藏拟搔对金属离子有较高的耐受性,特别是对含有锂的金属离子组合往往表现为拮抗作用的特征,这很可能是西藏拟搔在西藏高锂盐湖中可高密度存活和快速生长的适应性机制.本研究旨在了解西藏拟溞对金属离子的耐受性,探讨其作为金属离子测试生物的可行性,并为大规模培养中培养液条件优化提供理论依据.  相似文献   

固定化啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Ni^2＋的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武运  张子萱  周建中  苏小明  古丽娜孜 《新疆农业大学学报》2009,32(5):67-71

为了开发新型生物吸附剂,研究了啤酒酵母废菌体制备的生物吸附剂对水中重金属Ni^2＋的吸附作用;为了增强啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Ni^2＋的能力,对其进行了固定化,研究包括了pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度、酵母添加量、Ni^2＋起始浓度这5个条件对酵母菌吸附Ni^2＋的影响。试验结果表明,经过固定化,啤酒酵母吸附Ni^2＋的能力有所提高。pH值对啤酒酵母菌吸附Ni^2＋的影响较大,最适pH值为6。在20-40℃,温度对吸附的影响不大。  相似文献   

Microbial activity in grassland soil amended with sewage sludge containing varying rates and combinations of Cu, Ni and Zn     

M. Khan  J. Scullion 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,30(3):202-209

 Cu, Ni and Zn were added at different rates (low and±25% of current limits) and combinations to sewage sludges and the effects on soil microorganisms were monitored in laboratory incubations. Respiration was measured frequently during weeks 1–7, whilst extractable metals (with EDTA and CaCl₂), microbial biomass C and metabolic quotient were recorded at 3 and 7 weeks. Inputs of one metal affected extractable concentrations of that metal and of the second metal tested in each experiment. Cu behaved differently from Ni and Zn, with little extractable by CaCl₂. Whereas CaCl₂-Ni and -Zn increased markedly between weeks 3 and 7, Cu concentrations did not change. Respiration was reduced at 1 week by Ni inputs and by Cu in combination with Ni. Zinc inputs at 1 week, and all metal inputs after 3 weeks, increased respiration. Biomass C was lower at higher metal inputs and with Zn the exception occurred at 3 weeks when biomass C was higher. Metal inputs generally increased metabolic quotient, although responses to Zn were often non-significant. Not all metal responses were additive, with effects of one metal frequently more pronounced with high levels of another. For Cu, the organic bound fraction was a better predictor of microbial response than the exchangeable fraction. For Ni the reverse was the case in one experiment, whilst extractable Zn was not closely correlated with microbial indices. Metal inputs close to permitted levels, in particular Cu, affected microbial processes but responses varied with time after sludge application. Received 26 August 1998  相似文献   

Molecular,serological and biological characterization of a novel Apple stem pitting virus strain from a local pear variety grown in China     

Liu LI  Meng-meng ZHENG  Xiao-fang MA  Yuan-jun LI  Qing-yu LI  Guo-ping WANG  Ni HONG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(11):2549-2560

Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) is an important causal agent of pear diseases. Nowadays, the infection status and molecular characteristics of the virus in old pear trees have never been investigated. In this study, we provide the first complete genome sequence of an ASPV isolate LYC from an over 300-year-old tree of a local Pyrus bretschneideri cultivar ‘Chili’ specifically grown at Laiyang area in China. ASPV-LYC possesses a chimeric genome consisting of 9 273 nucleotides excluding a poly(A) tail at its 3’ end and harboring a recombination region in its open reading frame (ORF1) with Aurora-1 and KL9 identified as the major and minor parents. Western blot analysis with antisera against recombinant coat proteins (CPs) of three ASPV isolates from pear indicates that ASPV-LYC is serologically related to these ASPV isolates, but with differential activities. Further biological tests on indicator plants of Pyronia veitchii show that ASPV-LYC can induce serious leaf and stem symptoms as other ASPV isolates. The results provide an important information for understanding molecular evolution of ASPV and suggest a need to prevent dissemination of the isolate among pear trees.  相似文献