利用向日葵野生种创建耐菌核病群体和自交系选育的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李伟  牛庆杰  阎喜东  孙敏  于学鹏 《吉林农业科学》2002,27(5):27-29

以向日葵优良群体为母本 ,具有耐菌核病基因的向日葵野生种为父本进行杂交 ,利用幼胚培养技术对远缘杂交后代进行“胚拯救” ,从而获得具有耐菌核病 (SclerotiniaSclerotiorumLib)基因的 10个特性群体。在这些群体中 ,葵盘菌丝体接种感病点直径平均值 (cm )比对照减少6 9 5 6 % ,根部菌核接种发病株率比对照减少 92 95 %。在耐菌核病群体中 ,运用轮回选择结合抗菌核病鉴定 ,选育出了 8个高耐菌核病的自交系  相似文献   

大豆不同结荚部位籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量分析     

胡喜平 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(1)

对4个不同类型大豆品种的上、中上、中、中下、下、分枝六部分籽粒进行品质分析,各部分蛋白质和脂肪含量差异显著、极显著。蛋白质含量从上至下由高变低(40.010％、38.890％、38.110％、36.428％、35.888％);无限结荚习性大豆脂肪含量(19.983％、20.873％、21.242％、21.797％、21.908％)与蛋白质相反;亚有限结荚大豆脂肪含量上至中下由低变高(21.411％、21.993％、22.113％、22.538％),下部(22.151％)低于中下部;分枝上籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量与中上部差异不显著;全株品质平均值(38.024％、21.760％)接近于中部值。  相似文献   

微胚乳超高油玉米籽粒胚乳消减及油分积累的规律     

田树云  张亚平  吴子恺  梁彩梅  陆海峰 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(3):950-952,954

[目的]研究微胚乳超高油玉米籽粒胚乳消减和油分积累规律。[方法]以高油玉米115为对照,研究2种微胚乳超高油玉米籽粒的胚、胚乳、种皮及相应油分的积累规律。[结果]微胚乳超高油玉米在籽粒发育过程中胚乳干重在发育的第27 d达最大,第37 d消减基本结束;胚的重量一直增加,种子成熟时和胚乳的重量相当;整粒干重第32 d达最大。3个玉米品种授粉后的种皮干重一直增加,第32 d基本稳定,整粒油分37 d前一直增加,之后趋于稳定。微胚乳超高油玉米胚乳的油分在17~27 d增加较慢,27~37 d增加迅速,37 d到成熟期下降,比高油115的高很多;胚的油分在17~27 d增加,27 d到成熟期略下降。高油玉米115胚和胚乳的重量一直增加,胚乳的油分一直很低,胚的油分在17~27 d增加。[结论]该研究为微胚乳超高油玉米的籽粒胚乳消减机理研究提供了参考。  相似文献   

向日葵菌核病的发生与综合防治     

李庆珍  徐玲 《青海农林科技》2007,(4):83-84

通过对保护地、露地向日葵菌核病的调查,总结出大通县向日葵菌核病的病原和感病症状。结合调查研究提出综合防治措施。  相似文献   

内蒙古7种向日葵品种苗期抗锈病性的鉴定     

王丽芳  景岚 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,28(4):125-127

本试验用室内幼苗接种的方法,对内蒙古地区栽培的的7个向日葵品种进行抗锈病性的鉴定,结果表明:益民大白花葵、迪卡.杂交油葵、S40(Hyole ic40)油葵、S31(HySun33)油葵呈抗锈病反应型;益民星火花葵、益民大青花葵、益民花葵二号呈感锈病反应型。其中益民花葵二号最感病,S31(HySun33)油葵最抗病。  相似文献   

食用型向日葵杂交种主要性状的典型性相关分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

李素萍  安玉麟  聂惠  李巧枝  于海锋  门果桃 《内蒙古农业科技》2007,(1):29-31,58

试验针对食用向日葵育种中存在的实际问题，对其主要性状进行典型性相关分析研究。结果表明：食用向日葵产量性状与形态性状、生育期之间的相关主要是由产量性状中的单盘粒数、籽实产量和形态性状中的株高、叶片数及生育期的相关引起。以上结果可为食用向日葵杂交育种研究提供依据。  相似文献   

白玫瑰挥发油化学成分的研究     

杨文胜  孙丽华  张德志  高铁流  滕玉辉  张伟森 《吉林林学院学报》1992,(2)

本研究采用GC/MS/DS联用技术,分析了白玫瑰花挥发油的化学成分。从分离的的44化合物中,鉴定了41个组分,占挥发油总含量的97.64%。白玫瑰挥发油的主要成分是β—笨乙醇,含量高达86.53%,其次是丁香酚(4.75%)和香叶醇(2.45%)。  相似文献   

Yield and seasonal water productivity of sunflower as affected by tillage and cropping systems under dryland conditions in the Limpopo Province of South Africa     

J. Mzezewa  E.T. GwataL.D. van Rensburg 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(10):1641-1648

Sustainable food production in semi-arid tropical countries can be achieved through efficient utilization of rainwater. A field experiment to assess the grain yield, seasonal water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropped with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) on two tillage systems was conducted during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 cropping seasons at the University of Venda (22°58′ S, 30°26′ E at 596 m above sea level). The experiment was configured as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with three replications. The tillage treatments were conventional tillage (CT) (control) and in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) system. The IRWH is a special crop production technique that promotes runoff on 2.0-m wide no-till strip between crop rows and collects the runoff water in basins where it infiltrates into the soil profile. The treatments in the cropping system (CS) consisted of a sole crop (sunflower or cowpea) and an intercrop (sunflower × cowpea). Results of the experiment revealed that IRWH led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in sunflower grain yield in the second season but cowpea grain yield was not influenced by tillage systems. IRWH resulted in significantly higher WU, WUE and PUE of both crops compared to CT system in the second season. The CS had significant effects on sunflower grain yield in both seasons but none on the cowpea grain yield. WU was significantly higher in intercrops than in sole cowpea and sole sunflower in the first and second season, respectively. WUE and PUE were significantly greater in sole sunflower than in the intercrops but less in the sole cowpea than in the intercrops.  相似文献   

Methane fluxes from three ecosystems in tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia     

Lulie Melling  Ryusuke Hatano 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(8):1445-1453

Methane fluxes were measured monthly over a year from tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia using a closed-chamber technique. The CH₄ fluxes in forest ecosystem ranged from −4.53 to 8.40 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹, in the oil palm ecosystem from −32.78 to 4.17 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹ and in the sago ecosystem from −7.44 to 102.06 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹. A regression tree approach showed that CH₄ fluxes in each ecosystem were related to different underlying environmental factors. They were relative humidity for forest and water table for both sago and oil palm ecosystems. On an annual basis, both forest and sago were CH₄ source with an emission of 18.34 mg C m⁻² yr⁻¹ for forest and 180 mg C m⁻² yr⁻¹ for sago. Only oil palm ecosystem was a CH₄ sink with an uptake rate of −15.14 mg C m⁻² yr⁻¹. These results suggest that different dominant underlying environmental factors among the studied ecosystems affected the exchange of CH₄ between tropical peatland and the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Impacts of chronic marine oil pollution and the murre hunt in Newfoundland on thick-billed murre Uria lomvia populations in the eastern Canadian Arctic     

Francis K. Wiese  Gregory J. Robertson 《Biological conservation》2004,116(2):205-216

We developed a deterministic and stochastic age-based matrix projection population model to assess and quantify the impact of mortality caused by chronic oil pollution and legal hunting on thick-billed murre Uria lomvia populations breeding and wintering in eastern Canada. We calculate the potential population growth rate in the absence of anthropogenic mortality sources using a modeling technique that translates absolute number of birds killed from anthropogenic mortality to potential survival rates in the absence of these anthropogenic impacts. The intrinsic growth rate of the deterministic matrix based on vital rates from Coats Island (λ_d=1.0102), as well as the stochastic growth rate (λ_s=1.0098, 95% C.I. 0.9969-1.0226), matched observed population trends. Hunting mortality reduced population growth rate by 0.020 (0.012-0.039), oiling mortality reduced population growth rate by 0.025 (0.012-0.039). Combined these sources reduced the population growth rate by 0.047 (0.033-0.610). Although thick-billed murre populations are stable or slowly growing in eastern Canada, anthropogenic sources of mortality are reducing the ability of the population to grow, and increase vulnerability in these populations to changes in their environment and other pulse perturbations. Our modeling technique could be used to assess specific anthropogenic impacts on populations where a vital rates and numbers killed are known, but no long-term trend information is available.  相似文献