林木害虫刺桐姬小蜂风险分析   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

黄茂俊  刘建锋  蔡卫群 《植物检疫》2006,20(1):22-24,F0004

刺桐姬小蜂（Quadrastichus erythrinael Kim）是我国大陆新发现的有害生物，根据刺桐姬小蜂的国内分布状况、潜在经济危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度等方面对其进行了风险分析，结果表明刺桐姬小蜂为我国风险中度偏高的有害生物。作者提出了检疫管理及除治措施。  相似文献   

Relationship between genetic instability of nm23H1 gene and clinical pathological characteristic in hepatocellular carcinoma     

LU Hai-ying  LI Ji-cheng  LIANG Xiao-yue  ZHANG Ling 《园艺学报》2007,23(9):1732-1736

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the microstatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) of locus D17S396 on chromosome 17 and their influence on the expression of nm23H1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),which may provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of nm23H1 gene and tumor metastasis.METHODS: Techniques such as DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues,PCR-SSCP,ordinary silver stain were used to study MSI and LOH of locus D17S396.Envision immunohistochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques were used to assess the expression of nm23H1.RESULTS: ① The frequency of heredity instability of HCCs was 35.42%.The frequency of LOH in the cases with lymph node or distant organs metastasis or not and with intrahepatic metastasis or embolus of portal vein or not was significantly different (P<0.01),it was higher in stage TNM Ⅲ than that in stageⅠ and Ⅱ.Moreover,it was higher in high tendency to invasion or metastasis cases than that in the low tendency cases (P<0.01).② The expression of nm23H1 was 56.25%.It was significantly different in Edmondson grade,TNM stage and in lymph node or distant organ metastasis cases (P<0.01).The cases with high tendency of invasion or metastasis exhibited lower nm23H1 expression compared with low tendency cases (P<0.01).③ The positive rate of nm23H1 protein in LOH positive group was lower than that in LOH negative group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The results indicate that both MSI and LOH of nm23H1 gene control the development of HCC independently in different pathways.LOH inhibits the expression of nm23H1,which endows it with high aggressive and poor prognosis.Increase in the amount of nm23H1 protein expression effectively restrains the tendency to invasion or metastasis of HCCs and improves prognosis of patients.  相似文献   

Adaptive conjoint analysis to determine perceived risk factors of farmers, veterinarians and AI technicians for introduction of BHV1 to dairy farms     

Gerdien van Schaik  Aalt A. Dijkhuizen  Ruud B. M. Huirne  Geert Benedictus 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,37(1-4):101-112

A study was carried out to determine the possibility of a more-closed farming system for (Dutch) dairy farms. The objective of the study was to provide effective and economically profitable management advice for improving the animal-health status of farms. Management measures will only be successfully applied if supported by farmers and their advisors (such as veterinarians). Therefore, the perception of farmers and advisors of the importance of various risk factors for the introduction of diseases to a farm was determined by using bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV1) as an example.

As part of the study, an evening-long workshop was organized and run thrice. In total, 49 farmers, veterinarians and AI technicians participated in these workshops. The computerized questionnaire technique was based on adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA). ACA has the advantage that participants can work with a large number of risk factors in a relatively short period of time. Another advantage of ACA (compared with standard questionnaires) is that the answers from each participant can be checked with regard to consistency with respect to the importance assigned to them. Data from participants with inconsistent responses can be excluded from further analyses. The results of the ACA interview were compared with the risk factors reported in the literature as being associated with BHV1 status (e.g. purchase of cattle, participation in cattle shows) and with farmers' actual management to prevent the introduction of diseases.

The workshop participants were all operating in the dairy sector and they seemed well aware of the risk of direct animal contacts for the introduction of BHV1. Farmers thought visitors to be more risky than did AI technicians and (especially) veterinarians. Farmers who purchased cattle or participated in cattle shows were of the opinion that the risks of direct animal contacts were more important than did farmers who were not involved in those practices. Farmers whose farms were BHV1-positive (and participated in cattle shows more often) thought the risk of participation smaller than did farmers with BHV1-negative farms.  相似文献   

A citywide survey of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa spatial distribution in Orléans (France)     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2016

There is a growing recognition that urban trees provide various valuable benefits and services such as enhanced human wellbeing. However, they also have a cost in terms of public health either directly (allergies) or by harboring species representing health risk for humans. This paper focuses on such a forest insect species, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Its caterpillars develop gregariously during winter in a conspicuous silk nest in coniferous hosts. When disturbed, the larvae release urticating hairs that cause human or animal serious health problems. The purpose of our survey was to (1) inventory all individual trees belonging to potential host species and estimate the density of T. pityocampa (2) assess the spatial pattern of the insect population at the city scale. We conducted an exhaustive inventory of potential coniferous host trees in five municipalities (ca. 5000 ha) in the north of Orléans, France. Each tree was identified, geo-referenced and the number of moth nests it hosted was counted. A total of 9321 urban trees representing 11 coniferous taxonomic units were investigated. The distribution of T. pityocampa exhibited a marked spatial structure citywide. Geostatistics allowed to draw risk maps revealing strong patchiness. We provide the first estimate of T. pityocampa host tree preference in an urban context and found that Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris were the most attacked trees. We also report numerous cases of T. pityocampa occurrence on the exotic ornamental Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara. The management implications of our findings are two-fold: (1) risk maps constitute a useful framework for communication and public information, and can help developing control strategies; (2) some species frequently used for ornamental purposes are poor quality hosts regarding T. pityocampa and should therefore be preferred in public place usually frequented by vulnerable people (schools, nurseries, hospitals).  相似文献   

Diversity of street tree populations in larger Danish municipalities     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2016

Healthy and sustainable tree populations require a high diversity of genera and species. This study examined the occurrence and contents of tree inventories in Denmark's 30 largest municipalities. 59% of the municipalities had a tree inventory for street trees, but only about half of these were complete and updated. Only one municipality had a registration for trees other than street trees. Based on data from the tree inventories, the diversity of road side trees was analyzed at genus level and species level. A total of 82,072 street trees are part of the study. 11 different genera account for 92% of the total street tree stock, and 2–6 genera account for 40–80% of the street tree stock in the individual municipalities. Tilia was the most dominating genera (26%). 12 species account for 73% of the total street tree stock. The 6 most common species account for almost 50% of the total tree population. The species representing the largest numbers were Tilia × europaea (12%), Acer platanoides (10.9%), Platanus × acerifolia (7.2%), Tilia cordata (7.2%), Fraxinus excelsior (6.2%) and Sorbus intermedia (5.9%). The four most urbanized municipalities had a surplus of non-native species, but all municipalities apart from one had most street trees belonging to native species. The concluding recommendation of this study is that tree managers need to start working more strategic with their tree stock, in order to reduce the vulnerability, due to potential attacks from pests or diseases and climate change effects. A risk spreading system for the urban tree population is proposed, suggesting that no genera should account for more than 10% and no species for more than 5% of the tree population.  相似文献   

Non-industrial Private Forest Owners' Risk Preferences     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):651-660

A set of hypotheses was formulated on the basis of available knowledge about non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners' risk preferences. The empirical material used for testing the hypotheses was gathered in telephone interviews with 130 randomly selected NIPF owners. The results confirm that direct economic risks such as price and cost changes are seen by this group as much more important than indirect economic risks such as biological damage. The forest owners regarded forest holdings as a safer investment than stocks or bank savings. The results on risk attitudes were ambiguous. However, when larger amounts of money were at stake, the forest owners could be considered risk averters and a decrease in absolute and relative risk aversion could be confirmed.  相似文献   

Rust control and EBDC residues in green beans sprayed with mancozeb and sulphur     

D. A. Fontem  H. Bouda 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):211-214

Rust control and ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) residues in green beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Morgan') were evaluated in two seasons of 1993 in Dschang, Cameroon. Four weekly applications of mancozeb (2.8 kg ha- 1), sulphur (2.24 kg ha- 1), or mancozeb+sulphur (1.4+1.12 kg ha- 1) were initiated from initial rust symptoms. In both seasons, treatments with mancozeb alone resulted in a low area under pustule count progress curve (AUPPC) and a significant increase in leaf area index, and pod and green fodder yields. Pod yields were negatively correlated with AUPPC. Pod yield loss was estimated at 61% and 32% in the early and late seasons, respectively, while losses in green fodder yields were 57% and 24% respectively. EBDC residue levels decreased significantly with a delay in pod harvestand when pods were washed in running tap water. Residue levels were high in the late season, possibly due to low rainfall. Pods exposed to the combined fungicidal treatments accumulated higher levels of residues than those sprayed with mancozeb alone, suggesting a potential risk of EBDC accumulation on pods when EBDCs are mixed with sulphur.  相似文献   

云南木蠹象的危险性分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

徐长山  张宏瑞  张珍荫 《中国森林病虫》2004,23(4):30-32

根据云南木蠹象Pissodes yunnanensis的生物学特性，采用有害生物危险性分析(Pest Risk Analysis，简写PRA)方法，从该虫的分布状况、潜在危险性和寄主的经济重要性等方面，对其进行了危险性分析与评估，结果表明：云南木蠹象在我国西南地区属于中度危险的森林有害生物。  相似文献   

速生丰产林项目融资风险分析     

陈琳琳 《四川林勘设计》2005,(4):10-12,18

速生丰产林建设项目，具有建设周期相对较长，投资数额大，收益相对较低的特征，解决建设资金投入问题时，可以考虑采用项目融资方式。文章分析了速生丰产林项目融资中的风险，从风险的角度出发找出制约我国速生丰产林项目融资的因素。  相似文献   

Neural networks for assessing the risk of windthrow on the forest division level: a case study in southwest Germany     

Marc?HanewinkelEmail author 《European Journal of Forest Research》2005,124(3):243-249

  相似文献