Passive immunisation of fish against vibriosis, comparison of intraperitoneal, oral and immersion routes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Akhlaghi 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1999,180(3-4):191-205

Passive immunisation of fish was conducted to determine whether anti-Vibrio anguillarum whole sera (AVA) and affinity-purified AVA raised in sheep, rabbits and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were persistent when injected and orally administered into rainbow trout. These responses were compared with active immunisation by immersion in, and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with, formalin-killed V. anguillarum cells. Sheep and rabbit AVA were detected in rainbow trout sera for up to 70 days (half-life 21 days) after i.p. injection as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relative percentage survival (RPS) of passively immunised rainbow trout challenged with virulent V. anguillarum after an injection was comparable to that of active immunisation by immersion after 1 month post-immunisation (p.i). Affinity-purified sheep and rabbit AVA exhibited the same protective potential as whole serum in rainbow trout. Rabbit and sheep immune sera diluted 1:8 and 1:50, respectively, provided equivalent protection as undiluted fish immune serum. An active immune response against passively acquired heterologous immunoglobulins was demonstrated by ELISA, with responses against sheep AVA being less than those against rabbit AVA. Rainbow trout given purified sheep AVA conjugated to LTB (the GM-1-binding subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin) and administered orally had an RPS of 37.5% at 15 days and 27% at 1 month p.i. In contrast, fish given sheep AVA conjugated to TraT (an internal membrane of E. coli) or in micellar form with Quil-A had RPSs of only 18.7 and 6.2%, respectively, after 15 days, and 13.3 and 0% after 1 month, respectively. The protection conferred by immune sera was shown to be due to the immunoglobulin component alone. Heat inactivation of the complement in sera had no effect on the potency of immune sera.  相似文献   

The effect of bentonite concentration on the drug delivery efficacy of a pH-sensitive alginate/bentonite hydrogel     

Seung-Taek Oh  Oh-Jin Kwon  Byoung-Chul Chun  Jae-Whan Cho  Jong-Shin Park 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(1):21-26

We produced a protein loaded, pH-sensitive alginate-bentonite hydrogel for wound dressings. Alginate is a nontoxic polysaccharide with favorable pH-sensitive properties that make it useful for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs. However, the use of alginate for drug delivery is limited by drug leaching and rapid dissolution of alginate at the higher pH, which may result in lower entrapment efficiency and a burst in the release of entrapped protein drugs. To overcome these problems, we created a novel cross-linked alginate-bentonite hydrogel by combining mineral-rich bentonite with the alginate matrix along with an additive to ensure controlled release. We analyzed the gel in the drug loading process in an aqueous environment by looking at the release profiles of a model protein drug (BSA) from the hydrogel at pH values of 4.5, 5.2 (skin area) and 7.4, 9.2 (wound area). The swelling ratio decreased with bentonite concentration, but did not fall below 6. The rate of drug release was slowest at a pH value of 4.5 and fastest at a pH value of 9.2. The rate of drug release decreased with bentonite concentration. The presence of bentonite prevents the rapid dissolution of alginate at the higher pH, ensuring the controlled release of the entrapped drug.  相似文献   

嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白(OMP)在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及其对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

傅罗琴  邓斌  李梅  沈文英  梁权  李卫芬 《农业生物技术学报》2012,20(4):436-442

乳酸球菌(Lactococcus lactis)是一种安全级微生物,为活载体疫苗传递抗原的理想选择.嗜水气单胞菌(A eromonas hydrophila,Ah)能引起鱼类等多种动物的败血病,因其血清型众多,寻找共同保护性抗原是进行疫苗研究的重点.为探究嗜水气单胞菌AS1.927株外膜蛋白(OMP)在乳酸乳球菌中的表达和检测其表达产物对小鼠的免疫保护效果,本研究将己克隆的ompA基因经BamH Ⅰ和Xba Ⅰ双酶切后连接载体pNZ8048,转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,nisin诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE分析鉴定.结果显示,重组基因工程菌L.lactis[pNZ-ompA]表达的融合蛋白分子量约为36.2 kD,成熟蛋白分子量约为33.7 kD.将重组基因工程菌L.lac tis [pNZ-ompA]口服免疫BALB/c小鼠(Mus musculus),用放射免疫法检测末次免疫一周后的各组小鼠肠粘膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的水平以及用间接ELISA法检测小鼠血清特异性抗体IgG,结果发现,该重组基因工程菌能显著提高sIgA的分泌(P＜0.05);同时在小鼠血清中的特异性抗体含量也显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).末次免疫两周后用100 LD50的Ah AS 1.927(3.3×105 cfu/mL)腹腔注射攻击小鼠,口服重组菌对小鼠的相对免疫保护力(relative percent survival,RPS)为87.5％,表明重组基因工程菌可诱导小鼠对AhAS1.927产生一定的免疫保护作用.该结果将为开发安全有效的口服基因工程鱼用疫苗提供一定的实验基础.  相似文献   

一种新的获取海洋贝类基因组DNA的取样方法     

彭银辉  王芳宇  蔡小辉  宋忠魁 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(35):20112-20114

[目的]探讨一种新的获取海洋贝类基因组DNA的取样方法,为开展珍稀贝类的分子生物学研究提供参考。[方法]以文蛤、栉江瑶、翡翠贻贝、香港巨牡蛎、毛蚶为供试材料,以闭壳（合）肌全基因组DNA作为参考,采用常规酚-氯仿法抽提贝类贝腔液基因组DNA,使用生物光度计法、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、目的片段扩增测序验证其质量,并建立系统发育树检测其来源的真实可靠性。[结果]采用常规酚/氯仿基因组DNA提取方法获得的贝腔液DNA质量优于闭壳（合）肌DNA,蛋白质、多酚色素污染较少,完全满足目的片段扩增测序;系统发育进化树则证实了贝腔液并非外源污染。[结论]从贝腔液中获取基因组DNA是完全可行的,并可将其用于目的基因片段的扩增。  相似文献   

长柱金丝桃(Hypericum ascyron L.)分泌结构的研究     

徐庆华  李淑玲  胡国富  胡宝忠 《东北农业大学学报》2010,41(10)

对长柱金丝桃各类器官进行了整体透明和解剖学研究,确定合理的采收部位和采摘时间。结果表明,植株富含分泌囊和分泌小管道两种分泌结构;叶片中分泌囊(道)的发育属于裂生型;地上部分泌结构分布较多,尤以叶片中数量最多、分布密度最大;确定植物的最佳采收时期是每年8～9月的花果期、最佳采收部位是地上部。此研究结果为此药用植物合理的采收部位和采收时间的确定提供解剖学依据,同时为其他植物分泌囊(道)发育规律的研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

合肥野生动物园袋鼠口鼻腔带菌情况调查     

张志忠  易刚  王根红  陈鹏  王瑞  周祺  董靖  王桂军 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(21)

[目的]对合肥野生动物园袋鼠口腔和鼻腔的带菌情况进行调查。[方法]从袋鼠口腔和鼻腔中分离致病菌,并采用细菌形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。选用14种常用抗菌药物,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。[结果]14份袋鼠口腔样本中均分离到革兰氏阳性球菌,其中12只袋鼠口腔分离到葡萄球菌,占85.7%;从4只袋鼠口腔分离到链球菌,占28.5%;从2只袋鼠口腔同时分离到葡萄球菌和链球菌,占14.3%。同时,从14只袋鼠鼻腔中均分离到葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果表明,ZS-1菌株对磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类、磷霉素类、林可霉素类和四环素类药物敏感。鼻腔中细菌对磷霉素类、喹诺酮类和四环素类药物敏感。口腔中的细菌对14种常用抗菌药物均无耐药性,鼻腔中分离的细菌对卡那霉素、复方新诺明、强力霉素和阿莫西林耐药。[结论]研究结果可为袋鼠口腔和鼻腔细菌感染类疾病的有效防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

半解析法求解水柱分离与断流弥合水锤问题及机理分析     

韩凯  丁法龙  茅泽育 《农业工程学报》2019,35(15):33-39

为了应对长距离输水工程的水锤防护问题,分析了空气阀作用于波状管线有压输水系统发生水力过渡时的瞬态响应过程,提出了空穴增长和溃灭时间、管线最大含气率、最大压力峰值等参数的半解析公式,并由此探讨和研究影响空气阀水锤防护效果的关键因素。半解析解表明,位于空气阀下游的管段相对长度和管线高点的相对高程对系统的断流弥合水锤起了主导作用。将半解析解与特征线法数值解进行了对比,发现两者随主变量的变化趋势一致;分析了半解析解与数值解产生偏差的原因与半解析公式推导过程中几个假设的关系。结果证明,该文提出的半解析公式能够反映空气阀作为水锤防护装置时,主导断流弥合水锤压力峰值的关键因素。该研究可为水锤防护的相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

泵用压电振子与泵腔体积变化的测试研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程光明  冯丽娜  曾平  温建明  阚君武 《排灌机械》2012,30(4):412-416

为了准确获得压电泵泵腔体积的变化量,针对影响泵腔体积变化的关键因素——压电振子的变形特性进行分析,并采取非接触的测量方式对基板直径为65 mm,陶瓷直径为60 mm的圆形压电振子进行变形测试.在测试中对该压电振子的中心点在不同电压信号驱动下振幅随频率、驱动电压的变化规律以及压电振子径向各点在正弦电压信号驱动下振幅随半径的变化规律进行了研究.根据压电振子径向各点振幅的变化规律利用Matlab软件进行二次函数曲线拟合计算,得到压电振子的径向切面变形拟合曲线,根据拟合曲线,建立了压电泵泵腔体积变化量的理论计算方法.结果表明：压电振子中心点振幅随频率的增大而逐渐减小,随驱动电压的增大而增大;径向各点振幅随各点半径的增大而减小;拟合计算结果与实测数据基本吻合,最大相对误差仅为6.96%;利用压电泵泵腔体积变化量的理论计算方法,计算得到利用该圆形压电单晶片振子制作的压电泵在100 V,30 Hz正弦电压信号的作用下,泵腔每次振动产生的体积变化量约为34.009 mm3,理论上最大输出流量为61.216 mL/min.  相似文献   

Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of baicalein     

Wenli Liu  Rui Tian  Wenjing Hu  Yuntao Jia  Huiming Jiang  Jingqing Zhang  Liangke Zhang 《Fitoterapia》2012

The main object of this work is to prepare self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of a poorly water-soluble drug, baicalein. SMEDDS is the mixture of surfactants, cosurfactants, and oils, which are emulsified in aqueous media under conditions of gentle agitation or gastrointestinal motility. Solubility of baicalein was determined in various vehicles. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification region and droplet size distributions of the resultant microemulsions were determined using a particle size analyzer. Optimized SMEDDS formulations for baicalein were Cremophor RH40 (53.57%) as surfactant, Transcutol P (21.43%) as cosurfactant, and Caprylic capric triglyceride (ODO, 25%) as oil. The drug release rate of SMEDDS was significantly higher than that of the baicalein suspension. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics between baicalein-loaded SMEDDS and baicalein suspension was also performed in rats. The plasma concentrations of baicalein and baicalin, its mainly conjugated metabolite, were determined by HPLC method. The in vivo results showed that the absorption of baicalein from SMEDDS resulted in about 200.7% increase in relative bioavailability compared with that of the baicalein suspension. Our studies illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, such as baicalein by the oral route.  相似文献   

Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor Management - From Biopsy to Surgical Removal     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2022,52(1):235-270

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