The fate of chlortetracycline residues in a simulated chicken–fish integrated farming systems     

Weena Koeypudsa  Amararatne Yakupitiyage  & Jirasak Tangtrongpiros 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):570-577

Two experiments were conducted at the Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand to investigate the fate of chlortetracycline (CTC) residue in chicken manure and its effect on integrated chicken–fish farming system. During the first experiment, broiler chickens were raised and CTC residues in their manure were analysed. Chicken fed diets containing 0, 50, 200 and 800 CTC mg kg^?1 had CTC residue levels of 0, 0.9, 3.8 and 6.5 CTC ng g^?1. Once the diet containing CTC was withdrawn, CTC in the manure dropped to negligible amounts (0, 0, 0.2 and 0.5 CTC ng g^?1) within 1 day. Integrated chicken–fish farming systems were simulated during the second experiment to determine the fate of antibiotic residues in chicken manure in aquaculture environment. Chickens were fed a CTC‐free diet and a feed containing CTC at 200 mg kg^?1. Ten 4 m³ square concrete tanks (2 × 2 × 1 m) were used for the experiment. Five tanks were fertilized with CTC‐contaminated manure and the remaining five tanks were fertilized with CTC‐free manure at a rate of 100 kg dry matter ha^?1 day^?1. Sex‐reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was stocked at 12 fish tank^?1 on the 14th day after chicken manure application. The immuno‐radio microbial receptor assay (Charm II test) revealed that edible fish muscle, fish intestinal tract and sediment were contaminated by CTC at rates of 7.21, 22.104 and 1.788 ng g^?1, respectively, after 45 days. Chlortetracycline was detected on day 20 in the water column and gradually increased from 0.26 to 12.13 ng g^?1. Chlortetracycline residues were not detected in fish or the aquatic environment of the CTC‐free treatment. The results demonstrate the potential for antibiotic residue accumulation in fish and aquatic environment when CTC‐contaminated chicken manure is used for pond fertilization.  相似文献   

Effects of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia on seed production in concrete tanks in Saudi Arabia     

A.Q. Siddiqui  A.H. Al-Harbi 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(3):207-216

The influence of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X O. aureus) brood fish on seed production in concrete tanks were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. A sex ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 (male: female) and a density of 2 fish m-2 gave the best result with respect to number of seed female-1 day-1 and number of seed kg-1-1 female day-1. Maximum seed production female-1 day-1 was recorded for 3-year-old females and the minimum for 1-year-olds, but in terms of seed kg-1 female day-1 and seed m-2 day-1, 1-year-olds produced the maximum number of seed followed by 2-, 3- and 4-year-old females. Seasonal pattern in seed production was apparently influenced by season and temperature. From the first harvest on 21 April 1993 the production increased gradually, reaching a peak during the third harvest and a second peak during the sixth harvest. Thereafter seed production gradually decreased, reaching a minimum during the tenth harvest on 27 October 1993. No seed were found during the last harvest of 18 November 1993. Maximum production coincided with the highest water temperature of around 28°C.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth and body composition of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus     

Yong Wang  Yong-Jian Liu  Li-Xia Tian  Zhen-Yu Du  Ji-Teng Wang  Sheng Wang  & Wei Ping Xiao 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1408-1413

A growth trial was conducted to feed juvenile tilapia (initial weight, 9.1±0.1 g), Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus, isonitrogenous diets for 8 weeks. Six diets were formulated containing 29% crude protein from casein and gelatin, 10% crude fat from soybean oil and refined soybean lecithin and varying levels of corn starch ranging from 6% to 46% at increments of 8%, with corresponding energy to protein (E/P) ratios of 35.6, 37.9, 40.2, 42.5, 44.8 and 47.1 kJ g^?1. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed diets with starch ≥22% (or E/P ratio ≥40.2 kJ g^?1) than in fish fed diets with 6% or 14% starch (or E/P ratio of 35.6 or 37.9 kJ g^?1). No further improvement was measured when dietary starch content increased beyond 22%. Body protein retention showed the same general pattern as WG, and was highest in fish fed the 22% starch diet. Body composition was significantly affected by dietary starch level. Fish fed diets with starch ≥30% had significantly higher lipid content than fish fed diets with 6% or 14% starch. Ash content was negatively correlated with starch inclusion level, but moisture and protein contents did not show discernible trends among treatments. Results indicate that hybrid tilapia can utilize 46% dietary starch without growth retardation, while 22% starch in feed for juvenile tilapia containing 29% protein and 10% lipid, or an E/P ratio of 37.9 kJ g^?1 is optimal.  相似文献   

Survival rate and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio L. in intensively cultivated rice fields     

N Vromant  C Q Nam  N T H Chau  & F Ollevier 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(2):171-177

In the freshwater area of Vietnam's Mekong Delta, Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker), Cyprinus carpio L. and Oreochromis niloticus (L.) are often reared together in rice fields. The survival rate and specific growth rate (SGR) of C. carpio showed a large variance. To understand the underlying reasons for this variation, we used multiple regressions for the variables SGR and survival rate, using the results of eight experiments in such polycultures at the Co Do rice–fish experimental station. The SGR of C. carpio declined with increasing rice density. Interspecific competition with O. niloticus also had a negative effect on C. carpio SGR. When fertilizer or manure is added to the trench of the rice–fish field or when extra food can be given to the fish, O. niloticus seems more appropriate than C. carpio. The survival rate of C. carpio depended on season, C. carpio stocking weight and density and the biomass of wild fish species. To obtain higher survival rates, one should stock fewer fish but of a larger size, after thorough eradication of wild fish species.  相似文献   

Neuroimmunological regulation of α-MSH release in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)     

P. H. M. Balm  P. Pepels  E. van Lieshout  S. E. Wendelaar Bonga 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):125-130

This study describes the effects of IL-1 (interleukin 1) and LPS (bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide) on the release of α-MSH (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone) from the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia). In vivo treatment of tilapia with IL-1 for 8 days led to a 49% inhibition of basal α-MSH release, measured by means of an in vitro micro-superfusion technique. The treatment did not affect the sensitivity of the tissue to TRH. In vitro, the release of α-MSH was inhibited by LPS in a dose dependent manner. In addition to its effects on the unstimulated release of the hormone, LPS also blunted the response to a TRH stimulation. Together with recent results obtained by others demonstrating the effects of (neuro-)peptides on immune parameters and the presence of cytokines in fish, the present data establish the bidirectional character of the communication between the immune and the (neuro-)endocrine systems in teleosts.

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Résumé Cette étude décrit les effets de l'IL-1 (interleukin 1) et du LPS (bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide) sur la libération de α-MSH (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone) par le lobe neurointermédiaire (NIL) d'un téléosteen Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia). Le traitement in vivo du tilapia avec l'IL-1 pendent 8 jours conduit à une inhibition de 49% de la libération basale d'α-MSH mesurée à l'aide d'une technique in vitro de micro-superfusion. Ce traitement ne modifie pas la sensibilité du tissue au TRH. In vitro, la libération de α-MSH est inhibée par le LPS de manière dose-dépendante. En plus de ses effets sur la libération basale de α-MSH, le LPS bloque aussi la réponse à une stimulation par le TRH. Confrontés à des donnés récemment publiés montrant les effets de (neuro-)peptides sur les paramêtres immunitaires et la présence de cytokines chez les poissons, nos résultats établissent le caractère bidirectionnel de la communication entre le système immunitaire et les systèmes (neuro-)endocriniens.

  相似文献   

金黄色葡萄球菌快速检测方法的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张颖 《中国动物保健》2014,(6):17-19

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起人类细菌性食物中毒及奶牛乳房炎的重要细菌之一,在自然界中广泛分布。本文将重点介绍金黄色葡萄球菌的几种快速检测方法。  相似文献   

奥利亚罗非鱼DMO cDNA的分离和克隆     

唐永凯 《水产学报》2005,29(3):300-306

采用RTPCR和RACE法分离和测定了奥利亚罗非鱼DMOcDNA的全序列。得到1571bp[不含poly(A)]的全长cDNA,包括148bp5’非翻译区,1230bp阅读框以及含Poly(A)信号AATAAA的193bp3’非翻译区[不包括Poly(A)]。阅读框共编码409氨基酸,与尼罗罗非鱼DMO编码的氨基酸序列进行比较,同源性为96.3%,表明DMO在同一物种中差别较小。而与尼罗罗非鱼,红鳍东方豚,虹鳟,青鱼将,鼠,人等动物的DMRT1编码的氨基酸序列进行比较,同源性分别为:25.7%,25.8%,24.3%,29.7%,22.5%,22.0%,这说明DMO和DMRT1可能是两个不同的基因。  相似文献   

尼罗罗非鱼行为习性及其捕捞渔具的设计          下载免费PDF全文

朱清澄 《水产学报》2003,27(5):499-503

尼罗罗非鱼(OreochromisniloticaL.)属热带性鱼类,为我国1978年从国外引进的优良海淡水养殖对象,具有食性杂、生长速度快、肉质鲜美、经济价值高等优点[1]。目前已在我国数个省、市开展养殖。尼罗罗非鱼性喜群游,其最适生长水温为24～32℃,水温降至14℃时,活动迟缓,停止摄食,水温降至12℃以下时便逐渐死亡[2]。因此,在我国北方地区养殖的尼罗罗非鱼,一般在严冬前开始进行捕捞。水温达到20℃以上时,雄鱼会在池边或者池底挖洞,当遇到外界刺激或拉网捕捞受惊后,便潜入洞中或软泥中。尼罗罗非鱼的这一行为习性给捕捞造成很大困难,因此各地一般…  相似文献   

Observations on the reproductive performance of three mouth-brooding tilapia species in low-salinity underground water     

Mohammad T Ridha 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(11):1031-1038

The reproductive performance and seed production of three mouth‐brooding tilapia species, Oreochromis spilurus (Günther), Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) and Taiwanese red tilapia hybrid, were compared in low‐salinity underground water (3–5 g L^?1) to select species with the highest reproductive rate. Two‐year‐old males and females having average body weights of 454 and 259 g, respectively, were stocked in 2‐m³ fibreglass breeding tanks (two tanks per species) at 1:3 male to female sex ratio and at average density of three fish m^?2. Seeds (unhatched eggs; yolk‐sac fry and the swim‐up fry) were collected weekly for 112 days. The results showed O. spilurus to have significantly higher (P<0.05) mean spawning parameters expressed as total seed tank^?1 (84 154), seed kg female^?1 day^?1 (284), seed m^?2 day^?1 (190.3) and seed female^?1 day^?1 (76.3), than O. aureus and red tilapia. Monthly seed production in O. spilurus and red tilapia gradually increased from May, peaked in July and declined in August, while in O. aureus, it continued to decrease from May to August. In this study, the observed production levels of seed in O. spilurus were among the highest levels reported for tilapia; therefore, O. spilurus could be selected as a potential candidate for mass seed production in commercial tilapia hatcheries.  相似文献   

Digestibility, faeces recovery, and related carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus balances of five feed ingredients evaluated as fishmeal alternatives in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.     

Oliver Schneider  Abdul K Amirkolaie  Jordi Vera-Cartas  Ep H Eding  Johan W Schrama  & Johan A J Verreth 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(14):1370-1379

This study shows that alternatives for fishmeal in a fish diet affect not only fish growth but also faeces stability and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) waste production. Wheat gluten diet (WGD), soybean meal extract diet (SBE), soybean meal diet (SBM), duckweed diet (DWD) and single‐cell protein diet (SCP) were evaluated as a fishmeal replacement on a 15% weight weight^?1 basis in tilapia diets. Fishmeal replacement affected dry matter (dm), protein, ash and P digestibility significantly. Faeces recovery (6.8–11.2%) was not significantly affected, although the amount of non‐recovered faeces and total faeces showed significant differences. Duckweed diet and SCP resulted in the largest amounts of non‐recovered and total faeces (199–210, 224–225 g dm kg^?1 feed dm). Compared with fishmeal diet (FMD), the WGD and SBE resulted in similar growth, but higher non‐faecal N losses (471–495 vs. 416 g N kg^?1 N). Soybean meal diet, DWD and SCP resulted in lower growth but less non‐faecal loss (409–450 g N kg^?1 N). The DWD and FMD had the highest N retention (480 g N kg^?1 N) compared with the other diets (431–451 g N kg^?1 N). Carbon retention, faecal and non‐faecal losses and P retention were similar for all diets (302–358, 142–176 and 489–523g C kg^?1 C, 606–704 g P kg^?1 P). Phosphorus faecal loss was lower for all diets (329–381 g P kg^?1 P) than for the FMD (401 g P kg^?1 P).  相似文献