苏尼特羊营养补偿初期钙、磷、氮代谢研究     

苗志国  候先志  敖长金 《湖北农业科学》2007,46(4):600-602

将45只处于妊娠后期(90～150 d)的苏尼特母羊随机分成4组,以不同的营养水平(ME:0.20、0.33、0.44、0.86MJ·kg-1·W-0.75·d-1)分组饲养,分娩后进行补偿生长试验,研究妊娠后期不同营养限制程度的母羊在补偿初期(分娩后0～6周)对饲料中钙、磷以及氮的代谢规律.结果表明,受限制各组母羊在补偿初期,随着受限程度的降低,钙、磷平衡(g·d-1)值呈升高的趋势,氮平衡(g·d-1)值呈下降的趋势.  相似文献   

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY     

Yifan Hu  Xiangsheng Ye  Lei Shi  Haiyan Duan  Fangsen Xu 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):889-901

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.  相似文献   

SUSTAINABLE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PACKAGE FOR COST-EFFECTIVE BIOENERGY BIOMASS PRODUCTION     

Sampson Agyin-Birikorang  George A. O’Connor  John E. Erickson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1881-1900

Commercial fertilizer (particularly nitrogen) costs account for a substantial portion of the total production costs of cellulosic biomass and can be a major obstacle to biofuel production. In a series of greenhouse studies, we evaluated the feasibility of co-applying Gibberellins (GA) and reduced nitrogen (N) rates to produce a bioenergy crop less expensively. In a preliminary study, we determined the minimum combined application rates of GA and N required for efficient biomass (sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor) production. Co-application of 75 kg ha^?1 (one-half of the recommended N rate for sorghum) and a modest GA rate of 3 g ha^?1 optimized dry matter yield (DMY) and N and phosphorus (P) uptake efficiencies, resulting in a reduction of N and P leaching. Organic nutrient sources such as manures and biosolids can be substituted for commercial N fertilizers (and incidentally supply P) to further reduce the cost of nutrient supply for biomass production. Based on the results of the preliminary study, we conducted a second greenhouse study using sweet sorghum as a test bioenergy crop. We co-applied organic sources of N (manure and biosolids) at 75 and 150 kg PAN ha^?1 (representing 50 and 100% N rate respectively) with 3 g GA ha^?1. In each batch of experiment, the crop was grown for 8 wk on Immokalee fine sand of minimal native fertility. After harvest, sufficient water was applied to soil in each pot to yield ～1.5 L (～0.75 pore volume) of leachate, and analyzed for total N and soluble reactive P (SRP). The reduced (50%) N application rate, together with GA, optimized biomass production. Application of GA at 3 g ha^?1, and the organic sources of N at 50% of the recommended N rate, decreased nutrient cost of producing the bioenergy biomass by ～$375 ha^?1 (>90% of total nutrient cost), and could reduce offsite N and P losses from vulnerable soils.  相似文献   

Effect of biofertilizers on the nutrient availability in soil in relation to growth,yield and yield attributes of Stevia rebaudiana     

Kuntal Das  Raman Dang  T. N. Shivananda 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):359-366

A field experiment was conducted at Rani Chandramma Agricultural University (Arabhavi, Belgaum), Karnataka, India, in basic soil to study the nutrient availability in soil, yield and yield attributes of the medicinal plant stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). The results showed that the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil increased up to the fifth month; and thereafter, decreased by the same amount with the progress of the plant growth up to the sixth month, irrespective of treatments. Results also showed that the fresh and dry biomass yields significantly increased up to the sixth month with different treatments, but the yield attributes like plant height and the number of branches were observed to be varied with various treatments, being highest in the combined application of biofertilizers over that of their corresponding sole applications.  相似文献   

不同利用方式红壤磷素有效性的深度变化——以江西省余江县孙家小流域为例     

姚怡  王艳玲  高振  刘真勇 《土壤通报》2019,(2):365-373

在江西省鹰潭市余江县孙家红壤小流域的典型红壤区随机选取了具有代表性的林地(F)、花生旱地(PU)、新稻田(NP,<30 a)和老稻田(OP,> 200 a),在0~40 cm深度每隔5 cm采集分层土样,分析了土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(Bray P)、磷素活化系数(PAC)及有机磷(Po)、无机磷(Pi)与各组分磷的深度变化,探讨了土壤pH与土壤有机质(SOM)对红壤磷素有效性的影响。研究结果表明:孙家小流域不同利用方式红壤TP含量大小依次为:老稻田>新稻田>林地>花生旱地;除林地外,花生旱地与稻田土壤TP、Bray P、Pi和Po含量随着土壤深度的增加呈显著降低趋势,且稻田土壤Po含量及其占全磷的比例显著高于林地和花生旱地。花生旱地与稻田0~20 cm土壤中极有效磷(EAP)、中等有效磷(MAP)及EAP、MAP中的无机磷与有机磷的比值均显著高于林地土壤。林地转为旱地和稻田,尤其是长期植稻可以促进土壤非有效磷(NAP)向利于作物吸收的EAP与MAP转化,因而提高土壤磷素有效性。相关分析表明,随着SOM累积量的增加,四种利用方式红壤中EAP、MAP含量均显著提高。  相似文献   

生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

陈乐  詹思维  刘梦洁  周乾聪  陈盈池  潘晓华  曾勇军 《水土保持学报》2020,34(1):358-364

针对南方稻田土壤酸化严重,导致养分流失有毒重金属活化,严重影响稻米质量安全的重大现实问题。以水稻秸秆和谷壳等农业废弃物为原料制备生物炭(分别记为RSC和RHC),研究不同原料生物炭对酸化土壤改良及其对重金属有效性的影响。设置3个生物炭用量(0,20,50 g/kg,分别记为CK、C1、C2),4种土壤酸化水平(pH 4.01,4.25,4.33,4.58,分别记为L1、L2、L3、L4),生物炭与重金属污染土壤共同培养60天后测定土壤pH、全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾和有效态Cu、Cd含量。结果表明:RSC对酸化土壤pH的改良效果明显优于RHC,且施炭量越高提高幅度越大,RSC的C2处理使4种酸度水平的土壤pH分别提高了0.68,0.97,1.29,1.71个单位。2种生物炭均能提高土壤的全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,其中各施炭处理有机质显著提高,尤以速效钾的增幅最为显著,RSC对4种养分的提高均优于RHC。RHC对土壤有效态Cu含量无显著影响;RSC的C2较C1处理更能降低土壤中有效态Cu含量,使4种酸度水平的土壤分别降低了13.62%,6.57%,4.36%,7.88%。RHC处理的L3、L4土壤中有效态Cd含量显著降低,最大分别降低了13.79%,19.23%。RSC使4种酸度土壤有效态Cd含量最大分别降低了20.00%,25.81%,20.69%,19.23%。相关分析表明,土壤pH与有效态重金属含量呈显著负相关关系。水稻秸秆炭用于改良酸化土壤、降低重金属Cu和Cd有效性的效果更佳,且降低污染土壤中Cd的有效性较Cu好;生物炭对酸化程度越低的土壤pH和有效磷含量的提高以及有效态Cd含量的降低效果较好,而有效态Cu含量的降低效果则在酸化程度越高的土壤中表现更佳;土壤pH是生物炭调控重金属Cu、Cd有效性的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

Rice-residue biochar influences phosphorus availability in soil with contrasting P status     

Subham Mukherjee  Jagdeep Singh  Bhupinder Pal Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(6):778-791

ABSTRACT

Thermo-chemical conversion of crop residues to produce biochar is an emerging strategy in the context of sustainable phosphorous (P) use and residue management. An incubation study for 90 d was conducted to investigate the effects of rice-residue biochar (0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg^?1) in combination with inorganic-P (KH₂PO₄) (0, 25 and 50 mg kg^?1) on phosphorous availability in medium- and high-P status soils. Increasing biochar addition rates alone or in combination with inorganic-P resulted in a significant increase in P pools, i.e. plant available P or Olsen-P (from 8 to 132 mg kg^?1 in medium-P and 15 to 160 mg kg^?1 in high-P soils), microbial biomass P and various mineral-bound inorganic-P fractions in the order (Ca-P > organic-P > Al-P > loosely held/soluble-P > Fe-P > reductant soluble-P). Further, lower phosphatase activity (19–50%) with increasing rates of biochar addition in both soils elucidates the ability of biochar to act as a long-term source of available P in the experimental soils. The results demonstrate that rice-residue biochar can directly or indirectly enhance the status of available P in soils and hence can be used as a beneficial amendment to meet the crop P demand.  相似文献   

若尔盖高寒沼泽湿地退化过程中土壤有机氮组分的演变特征     

胡容  叶春  蒲玉琳  胡嗣佳  张世熔  向双  贾永霞  徐小逊 《土壤学报》2019,56(6):1425-1435

为明确湿地退化过程中土壤有机氮组分的变化及其生物有效性,采用实地采样调查、室内分析与数理统计法,研究若尔盖自然湿地保护区内相对原生沼泽(RPM)向轻度退化沼泽(LDM)、中度退化沼泽(MDM)、重度退化沼泽(HDM)退化过程中土壤有机氮组分的演变特征及与有效氮的耦合关系。结果表明,当沼泽发生中度、重度退化时,土壤全氮(TN)含量分别降低33.4%～77.8%、69.4%～93.7%(P0.05),碱解氮(AN)含量分别降低36.8%～80.2%、57.6%～82.2%(P0.05)。4类湿地土壤的酸解氨态氮、氨基酸态氮、未知态氮含量均按RPM、LDM、MDM、HDM的顺序降低。与RPM相比,HDM土壤酸解氨态氮与未知态氮含量分别降低66.3%～70.8%、62.2%～78.4%(P0.05),MDM和HDM土壤氨基酸态氮含量分别降低47.2%～68.6%、85.7%～86.7%(P0.05)。氨基糖态氮含量随着湿地退化先升高后降低。随着湿地退化程度的加剧,氨基糖态氮与酸解氨态氮占全氮的比例上升,而氨基酸态氮的比例下降。酸解氨态氮和未知态氮分别是影响RPM和HDM土壤碱解氮含量的主要有机氮组分,LDM与MDM土壤碱解氮含量却主要受有机氮组分中氨基酸态的控制。若尔盖湿地退化降低了土壤全氮及酸解组分氮含量,减弱了土壤氮"汇"功能,改变了有机氮组分对氮素有效性的贡献。  相似文献   

红芸豆养分限制因子及养分吸收、积累和分配特征研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

韩彦龙  晋凡生  郑普山  李晓平  李洁  李海金 《中国生态农业学报》2016,24(7):902-909

研究红芸豆养分限制因子、植株干物质和氮、磷、钾养分积累及分配规律,可为红芸豆合理施肥及高产栽培提供理论依据。大田试验条件下,以‘英国红’红芸豆为试材,设置缺素试验,采集全施肥区植株样品,分析研究红芸豆不同生育时期各器官干物质量、养分含量及积累量。结果显示,氮磷钾配合全施显著提高红芸豆产量;缺氮、缺磷、缺钾处理与全施肥处理相比,产量分别降低14.2%、8.0%和11.3%,表明影响红芸豆产量的限制因子为氮钾磷。在整个生育期,红芸豆干物质累积速率先升高后降低;根、茎、荚皮和豆粒干物质累积量呈上升趋势,叶干物质在收获期有下降趋势,收获时不同部位干物质量为豆粒茎≈荚皮叶片根。随生育期推进,茎、叶和荚皮中氮含量呈递减趋势,豆粒中氮含量呈递增趋势,而各器官磷、钾含量呈递减趋势。盛花期到结荚期是养分累积最大期,其氮、磷、钾吸收量分别占整个生育期吸收总量的28.14%、49.22%和56.20%;不同器官吸收累积氮、磷、钾量不同,成熟期豆粒、叶、茎和根中均为累积氮最多、钾次之、磷最少,荚皮中累积钾最多、氮次之、磷最少。每生产100 kg红芸豆需供给N 4.37 kg、P2O5 2.38 kg、K2O 3.53 kg,比例为1∶0.54∶0.81。  相似文献   

黄土高原不同封育年限草地土壤与植物根系的生态化学计量特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵晓单  曾全超  安韶山  方瑛  马任甜 《土壤学报》2016,53(6):1541-1551

黄土高原特别是干草原地区植被演替的研究比较薄弱。当前植物生态化学计量学的研究主要集中在植物叶片方面,对根系的研究较少。选取宁夏云雾山草原植被不同封育年限的土壤和植物样品,以生态化学计量学原理为基础,测定并分析了土壤与根系的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及其生态化学计量比与相互关系。结果表明:(1)随着封育年限的增加,土壤容重逐渐减小,土壤有机碳和全氮变异性较大,全磷变异性较小,且封育初期土壤有机碳和全氮含量先降后升,至封育20、30年,保持相对平稳。0~20 cm土层土壤的碳氮比(C∶N)、碳磷比(C∶P)、氮磷比(N∶P)分别为9.04~9.63、19.62~32.27、2.14~3.37,20~40 cm土层土壤的分别为8.68~9.22、15.74~26.32、1.80~3.03。土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷之间存在极显著的正相关。(2)植物根系C、N、P含量变化范围分别为357.6~381.4 g kg-1、7.35~8.18 g kg-1、0.54~0.70 g kg-1;根系中的C元素含量随封育年限的增加逐渐升高,N、P元素含量均小于全球平均值。根系C∶N随着封育年限的增加变异性较大,C∶P、N∶P随着封育年限的增加变异性较小。(3)植物根系的C∶N∶P化学计量特征受土壤的影响调控大于其自身,且土壤磷含量对植物根系C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征影响的显著性(p0.01)大于土壤氮含量(p0.05)。此外,该地区封禁后,草地生产力易受到土壤N含量的限制。  相似文献