Soil Phosphorous Status and Phosphorus Cycling as Influenced by Soybean Genotypes on an Acidic Low-Phosphorus Soil of Southern China     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1838-1849

Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is the primary limiting factor to soybean production in southern China. Field experiments with P-efficient (BX10 and BX11) and P-inefficient (BD2 and GD3) soybean genotypes were conducted to study the effects of soybean cultivation on P status and budget. The results showed that after four seasons of cultivation (2003–5), zero application of P resulted in a decrease of soil-available P and total P but high-P (80 kg ha^?1) treatment resulted in an increase; there were no significant differences among genotypes. All genotypes had deficit of P under zero application of P, P-efficient genotypes had a larger deficit, and there was significant difference between BX10 and BD2. There was surplus P under high-P application, but there were no significant differences among soybean genotypes. These findings imply that it is necessary to apply P fertilizer for P-efficient genotypes although they can better adapt to low-P soil.  相似文献   

长期用生活污水处理厂排放的废水浇灌影响了糙米和土壤中重金属的含量     

B. Y. CHUNG  C. H. SONG  B. J. PARK  J. Y. CHO 《土壤圈》2011,21(5):621-627

A pot experiment was conducted in a plastic film house to evaluate the translocation and uptake of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) into brown rice(Oryza sativa L.) and the heavy metals residues in soils which had previously been irrigated with domestic wastewater for a long time(3 years).The range of Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn was 5.10 ± 0.01,0.105 ± 0.017,5.76 ± 0.42,and 23.56 ± 1.40 mg kg-1,respectively in the domestic wastewater-irrigated soil,and 0.370 ± 0.006,0.011 ± 0.001,0.340 ± 0.04,and 2.05 ± 0.18 mg kg-1,respectively,in the domestic wastewater-irrigated brown rice.The results indicated that application of domestic wastewater to arable land slightly increased the levels of Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn in soil and brown rice(P < 0.01).The concentrations of heavy metals in brown rice were lower than the recommended tolerable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.However,the continuous monitoring and pollution control of hazardous materials from domestic wastewater are needed in order to prevent excessive build-up of heavy metals in the food chain.  相似文献   

基于6S模型的山区环境星影像大气校正研究     

韩杰  杨磊库  李家国  孟庆岩  李慧娜 《水土保持通报》2011,36(4)

针对山区地形复杂,高程变化较大的特点,利用6S辐射传输模型建立查找表,结合研究区DEM对影像进行了大气校正。试验结果表明,校正后的影像清晰度、对比度提高了,消除了大气对NDVI的负面影响。  相似文献   

麦秸还田对水稻产量及地表径流NPK流失的影响     

刘红江  陈留根  周炜  郑建初 《农业环境保护》2011,(7):1337-1343

在大田试验条件下,以水稻品种运2645为供试材料,设置常规处理（A）、麦秸还田（B）、麦秸还田减肥（C）、肥料运筹（D）和旋耕（E）5个处理组合,研究不同处理对水稻产量及农田地表径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明：（1）麦秸还田使水稻产量比常规处理增加3.0%左右;（2）试验年度稻季农田总地表径流水量为4.3×103m3·hm-2;（3）麦秸还田减肥和麦秸还田处理比其处理明显降低农田地表径流水体NPK流失量,不同处理地表径流总N流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、常规处理、肥料运筹和旋耕,不同处理地表径流总P和K的流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、肥料运筹、常规处理和旋耕;（4）麦秸还田能够降低稻田地表径流NPK的流失率,但麦秸还田减肥处理由于流失量减小幅度远低于肥料施用量的减小幅度,其NPK流失率均表现为最高;（5）麦秸还田使水稻产量略有增加,使稻田地表径流水体NPK流失量和流失率均明显降低。  相似文献   

天然降雨下红壤坡地氮磷流失过程与特征分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

奚同行  左长清  王伟  王昭艳 《水土保持通报》2012,32(5):136-140

利用江西省水土保持生态科技园的野外实测资料,对天然降雨条件下南方红壤区自然坡面的氮磷流失过程与特征进行了分析。结果表明,在自然条件下,由于降雨强度的时间变化不稳定,且不连续,自然坡面产流—产沙过程也是不稳定和不连续的,呈现出一峰或多峰的特性;同一场降雨下自然坡面的产沙过程与产流过程基本一致,累积产沙量和累积径流量随时间的延长呈现出先小幅增长后快速增加,最后趋于平稳的变化趋势。坡面径流中总磷的输出浓度始终小于总氮输出浓度,且总磷变化稳定,总氮波动较大;侵蚀泥沙中均存在养分富集现象,且总氮富集比要小于总磷富集比。  相似文献   

不同施肥山核桃林氮磷径流流失特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄程鹏  吴家森  许开平  姜培坤 《水土保持学报》2012,26(1):43-46,52

通过设置径流小区试验,定位研究不同施肥条件下山核桃林氮磷径流流失特征。结果表明,随着施肥时间的推移,氮磷流失均呈现降低的趋势,氮磷流失以可溶态氮、磷为主,分别占总氮、总磷的79.43%～83.60%和47.65%～75.39%。山核桃专用肥的施用对氮磷养分流失起到了良好的调控作用,与常规施肥(氮、磷流失负荷分别为523.41,36.87g/hm2)相比,山核桃专用肥的撒施和沟施使氮、磷流失负荷分别下降了35.73%,32.37%和43.37%,38.46%,故山核桃专用肥料沟施能有效减少前期氮磷养分流失的风险。  相似文献   

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY     

Yifan Hu  Xiangsheng Ye  Lei Shi  Haiyan Duan  Fangsen Xu 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):889-901

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.  相似文献   

SUSTAINABLE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PACKAGE FOR COST-EFFECTIVE BIOENERGY BIOMASS PRODUCTION     

Sampson Agyin-Birikorang  George A. O’Connor  John E. Erickson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1881-1900

Commercial fertilizer (particularly nitrogen) costs account for a substantial portion of the total production costs of cellulosic biomass and can be a major obstacle to biofuel production. In a series of greenhouse studies, we evaluated the feasibility of co-applying Gibberellins (GA) and reduced nitrogen (N) rates to produce a bioenergy crop less expensively. In a preliminary study, we determined the minimum combined application rates of GA and N required for efficient biomass (sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor) production. Co-application of 75 kg ha^?1 (one-half of the recommended N rate for sorghum) and a modest GA rate of 3 g ha^?1 optimized dry matter yield (DMY) and N and phosphorus (P) uptake efficiencies, resulting in a reduction of N and P leaching. Organic nutrient sources such as manures and biosolids can be substituted for commercial N fertilizers (and incidentally supply P) to further reduce the cost of nutrient supply for biomass production. Based on the results of the preliminary study, we conducted a second greenhouse study using sweet sorghum as a test bioenergy crop. We co-applied organic sources of N (manure and biosolids) at 75 and 150 kg PAN ha^?1 (representing 50 and 100% N rate respectively) with 3 g GA ha^?1. In each batch of experiment, the crop was grown for 8 wk on Immokalee fine sand of minimal native fertility. After harvest, sufficient water was applied to soil in each pot to yield ～1.5 L (～0.75 pore volume) of leachate, and analyzed for total N and soluble reactive P (SRP). The reduced (50%) N application rate, together with GA, optimized biomass production. Application of GA at 3 g ha^?1, and the organic sources of N at 50% of the recommended N rate, decreased nutrient cost of producing the bioenergy biomass by ～$375 ha^?1 (>90% of total nutrient cost), and could reduce offsite N and P losses from vulnerable soils.  相似文献   

液培条件下磷水平对两种磷效率小麦根际特征的影响     

刘晓斌  展晓莹  张丽  刘璇  张淑香 《中国土壤与肥料》2013,(6):22-27

为探讨磷高效型小麦(小偃54)和磷低效型小麦(京411)在不同磷水平下根际特征的差异,测定了液培条件下苗期小麦的植株生物量和吸磷量、根际pH值与根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性等。结果表明,不同磷水平(P0:0、P1:0.5 mmol/L和P2:1 mmol/L)下,磷高效型小偃54的植株吸磷量和根部生物量从移苗第6 d起明显高于磷低效型京411,在P0水平下尤为明显,且随培养时间的延长两者差距逐渐增大;小偃54的根际pH值在移苗初期与京411并无明显差异,随着培养时间的延长,小偃54的根际pH值显著低于京411,但两者单位根系分泌质子量差异逐渐减小。从移苗第6 d到第18 d,小偃54在不同磷水平下酸性磷酸酶的分泌量均显著高于京411;小偃54在P0水平下根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶量显著高于P1和P2水平,而京411从第12 d起才有相同规律,小偃54比京411对磷胁迫反应快且强度大。由此可见,在不同磷水平下,磷高效型小偃54在苗期的各项测定指标均优于磷低效型京411,在P0水平下两者根际特征差异尤为显著,且两种小麦根际特征差异与苗期生长天数有很大的关系。  相似文献   

施用常规磷水平的80%可实现玉米高产、磷素高效利用和土壤磷平衡   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

吴启华  刘晓斌  张淑香  尹彩侠  李桂花  谢佳贵 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(6):1468-1476

【目的】近年来,黑土有效磷含量呈逐年增加趋势。研究田间条件下,黑土的玉米产量及构成因素、磷素的吸收利用和土壤有效磷含量变化对不同施磷水平的响应,为黑土区的磷肥合理施用和地力培育提供理论依据。【方法】在土壤有效磷初始含量较高（30.15 mg/kg）的吉林公主岭黑土区,进行了3年的田间试验,以不施磷肥为对照（P0）,设置当地磷肥用量的80%（P₂O₅ 60 kg/hm2,P60）和当地施肥量（P₂O₅75 kg/hm2,P75）,研究不同施磷水平对玉米产量及产量性状、磷素吸收分配、磷肥利用效率的影响,并分析了土壤表观磷平衡和有效磷含量的变化。【结果】连续三年（2009~2011年）不同施磷水平下,玉米的产量随施磷水平的提高而增加,到第三年施磷处理的玉米产量显著高于不施磷处理,随施肥年限增加,P60与P75处理的增产效应差距缩小。P75处理吸收的磷素高于P60,但分配到籽粒中的磷素比例逐年下降,说明其吸收的磷素未高效转移到籽粒中,存在磷素奢侈吸收现象。两个施磷处理的磷肥利用率均为P75>P60,磷肥偏生产力均为P60>P75,说明P60处理中土壤基础养分和施入磷肥的综合效应更大。2009~2011年,土壤的表观磷平衡,P0处理一直处于亏缺状态,P60和P75处理均有盈余。P0、P60和P75处理的土壤有效磷的变化量为-15.4、-0.19和3.50 mg/kg。有效磷含量变化与表观磷盈余量呈极显著线性正相关,土壤P盈余每增加100 kg/hm2,有效磷含量增加9.6 mg/kg。【结论】在有效磷含量较高的黑土区,适当减少磷肥用量（60 kg/hm2 P₂O₅,比传统施肥减少20%）能获得与传统施磷相当的产量,维持土壤适宜的有效磷含量和供磷水平,并能保证磷肥的高效利用。可以考虑将P₂O₅ 60 kg/hm2作为黑土区的推荐施磷水平。  相似文献