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11.
The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner) is a well-known and investigated pest of corn and sweet corn particularly in the southwest of Germany since a long time. Nevertheless the pest can still surprise scientists and farmers. The first occurrence of a bivoltine race of the European corn borer in South Badenia in the years 2006 and 2007 is remarkable. The European corn borer had to be controlled in the last year on an area of approx. 60.000 hectares in Germany. An important antagonist of this pest is the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), which is already used for over 30 years on a continuously rising acreage for the control of Ostrinia nubilalis. The biology of the pest and its parasitoid are recapitulated particularly with regard to the biological control. The flight activities of the European corn borer are supervised with light traps in Southwest Germany. The data were inserted into a central data base at the LTZ Augustenberg, office Stuttgart (at first in 2007). The data can be used by advisors and farmers. They determinate the optimal time for the introduction of Trichogramma brassicae and optimize the application of insecticides. The annual randomized monitoring of the Trichogramma quantities and partially also qualities by the former state institute for plant protection and nowadays the LTZ Augustenberg helped to supply the farmers with good Trichogramma material. The efficiencies of the Trichogramma introduction reach up to over 70%. With the insecticide STEWARD (active ingredient Indoxacarb) similar and partly better efficiencies can be obtained. With the necessity of controlling Diabrotica virgifera virgifera with insecticides problems for the use of Trichogramma can arise – this will be discussed. 相似文献
12.
A. Golizadeh M. Alikhani M. Hassanpour A. Enkegaard H. Rafiee-Dastjerdi J. Razmjou 《国际虫害防治杂志》2017,63(4):364-370
Habrobracon hebetor Say is an ectoparasitoid that has been used as a control agent of various lepidopteran pests. Temperature-dependent life table and thermal characteristics of H. hebetor are important in understanding the dynamics of host–parasitoid relationships and for optimizing biocontrol programmes. The influence of five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on the biology of H. hebetor when parasitizing Anagasta kuehniella Zeller was studied. The survival rate of immature stages increased from 16.67% to 83.81% as temperature increased from 15 to 30 °C and then decreased at 35 °C. Total development time ranged from 45.70 days at 15 °C to 7.10 days at 35 °C. The lower temperature threshold for immature stages varied slightly around a value of 11–12 °C. The net reproductive rate (R0) values were significantly different among temperatures and the highest value was found at 30 °C (85.10). The high survival rate and net reproductive rate combined with a relatively short generation time at 30 °C resulted in the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) being highest (0.312 d?1) at this temperature. Considering the acquired results, the temperature range between 25 and 30 °C was optimal for H. hebetor. 相似文献
13.
The study deals with the tachinid parasitoids ofAncyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae):Clytiomya dupuisi Kugler,Clytiomya sola (Rondani) andGymnosoma clavatum (Rohdendorf) (Diptera: Tachinidae). All species are recorded for the first time as parasitoids ofA. leucogrammes, andC. dupuisi was reared for the first time from a host. The parasitization rates ofC. dupuisi on adults ofA. leucogrammes varied from 7% to 9% between 1994 and 1999.C. sola andG. clavatum were reared in only small numbers.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 10, 2003. 相似文献
14.
The parasitoid complex of Choristoneura murinana (Hbn.), a pest of Abies cilicica Carr., was studied in Isparta, Turkey. Shoots and needles of A. cilicica with C. murinana larvae and pupae were collected and examined under laboratory conditions in 2002 and 2003. As a result of this study, 14 parasitoid species of C. murinana were determined: Apanteles obscurus Nees. (Hym.: Braconidae), Brachymeria intermedia Nees (Hym.: Chalcididae), Mesopolobus mediterraneus Mayr, Mesopolobus dubius Walker, Pteromalus chrysos Walker, Pteromalus sp. (Hym.: Pteromalidae), Monodontomerus aereus Walker (Hym.: Torymidae), Itoplectis maculator (Fabricius), Apophua bipunctoria Thunberg, Triclistus globulipes Desvignes, Dirophanes maculicornis Stephens, Hyposoter sp., Dusona sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) and Aprostocetus sp. (Hym.: Eulophidae). In the studied parasitoid complex, A. obscurus, B. intermedia and I. maculator were the most important in reducing pest numbers. The level of total parasitism of the C. murinana was 19.4% in 2002 and 22.3% in 2003. 相似文献
15.
美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂对设施蔬菜常用农药的敏感性评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为筛选对大棚菜豆美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂毒性小的农药,在丽潜蝇姬小峰、潜蛾姬小峰等寄生蜂大龄幼虫至蛹期,用18种常用农药的常规剂量进行分区处理,试验结果表明:毒死蜱和联苯菊酯毒性最大,寄生蜂校正死亡率大于90%;阿维菌素中度有害,校正死亡率为55.29%;高氯、啶虫脒、哒螨灵、腈菌唑、嘧霉胺、霜脲锰锌处理的校正死亡率25%～45%;灭蝇胺、阿克泰、吡虫啉、氟硅唑、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、速克灵、安克、代森锰锌处理的校正死亡率则小于25%.此外,为验证药剂残留对寄生蜂的影响,调查了药后7d羽化的成蜂48h存活率,灭蝇胺处理的成蜂存活率接近90%,高氯、啶虫脒、哒螨灵、吡虫啉均在80%以上,阿维菌素为41.67%,阿克泰仅为8.33%;各杀菌剂处理药后5～7d羽化的寄生蜂48h存活率与清水对照无明显差异. 相似文献
16.
记述了蚜小蜂属(Aphelinus Dalman)2个中国新记录种:黄体黑盾蚜小蜂(A.japonicas Ashmead),采自陕西省宁陕县和福建省武夷山市;黄头黑胸蚜小蜂(A.humilis Mercet),采自西藏自治区察隅县。详细描述了2种的形态特征、寄主及分布,并附有形态特征照片。 相似文献
17.
Nabil E. El-Wakeil 《Journal of pest science》2007,80(1):29-34
The release of mass propagated egg parasitoids could be one option to control the lepidopteran pests. The efficiency of the
parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) reared on eggs of three different factitious hosts; Sitotroga cerealella, Ephestia kuehniella and Galleria mellonella was studied for controlling bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Efficiency of Trichogramma was studied by measuring parasitism rates, emergence rates, longevity and sex ratio. Wasps reared from each source were tested
on the source host and on the target host, H. armigera under laboratory conditions. Rates of parasitism on H. armigera eggs, emergence rates of parasitoids and their longevity were the highest for wasps reared on H. armigera. Wasps reared on S. cerealella gave comparable rates. However, wasps from E. kuehniella gave the lower rates and G. mellonella gave the lowest ones. Parasitized eggs of H. armigera and S. cerealella produced more parasitoid females than eggs of E. kuehniella and G. mellonella. Results are discussed for magnifying efficiency of the parasitoid in controlling H. armigera in the field. 相似文献
18.
To evaluate the relationship between reproductive potential and body size of Dastarcus helophoroides Faimaire (synonym Dastarcus longulus Sharp), 17 adult females obtained under outdoor conditions were dissected individually to count the ovarioles and determine the mean size of mature eggs in ovarioles and oviducts following the measurements of fresh body weight, body length, maximum body width, maximum width of prothorax, and elytral length. Each female had two ovaries. The number of ovarioles per female varied from 36 to 154 depending on maternal body length. However, the mean length and width of mature eggs were independent of body length. There were no differences in any body-size traits and allometry between the sexes. 相似文献
19.
We describe the relationships among patterns of abundance of galls, survivorship, and mortality factors in the sexual generation
of a cynipid wasp, Andricus moriokae, and detail the impacts of abundant parasitoid species on the survivorship of the cynipid in relation to the abundance patterns
of galls. The mean number of galls per shoot, the frequency distribution of number of galls on a single shoot, and the mean
number of galls per shoot in respective shoot size classes (the number of leaves per shoot) did not differ significantly between
two sample trees. The relative impacts of the three mortality factors differed between trees, having different consequences
for the survivorship of the cynipid. The rate of parasitoid attack, the main cause of mortality, was higher in the tree on
which the cynipids survived better. On the other hand, the mortalities caused by gall predation and gall abortion were higher
in the tree with the lower survival rate of the cynipid. Galls appeared more frequently on larger shoots on both trees. However,
the survival rate and the mortality rates caused by three mortality factors did not differ among shoot size classes within
each tree. The species composition of the parasitoid assemblage changed with shoot size, but the patterns of change differed
between trees with similar abundance patterns of galls. Thus, the survivorship and mortality factors of the cynipid were probably
not related to the abundance patterns of galls. 相似文献
20.
Lütfiye Gençer 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(1):41-43
Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) (Diptera Agromyzidae) is a polyphagous species and very common worldwide. In this study, parasitoids of Chromatomyia horticola were investigated on various plants during 2003 in the Sivas province. Infested leaves were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminers and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were reared belonging to Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea). Diglyphus iseae (Walker), Pediobius metallicus (Nees) and Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham represent the predominant parasitoid species. Among the parasitoids reared, Aprostocetus flavifrons (Walker), Merismus sp., and Chrysocharis crassiscapus (Thomson) have been newly recorded in Turkey and Aprostocetus flavifrons, Chrysocharis crassiscapus, Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham, and Merismus sp. were recorded for the first time from C. horticola. 相似文献