杀虫剂溴氰菊酯对野桑蚕和家蚕的毒力比较   总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4  

赵华强  王东  李兵  许雅香  贡成良  沈卫德 《蚕业科学》2008,34(1):115-118

基于了解野桑蚕(Bombyxmandarina)和家蚕(Bombyxmori)对农用杀虫剂溴氰菊酯的抗药性差异,采用点滴法和浸叶法测定了溴氰菊酯对野桑蚕和家蚕的毒力,结果其毒力基本一致。野桑蚕和家蚕对溴氰菊酯的敏感度均较高,LD50在0.027~0.429 ng/头之间,但吴江野桑蚕、启东野桑蚕和苏大野桑蚕的抗药性较相对敏感的家蚕品种大造、菁松、皓月强10.11~15.89倍,较家蚕品种L11强4.37倍。  相似文献   

苹果主要害虫的演变及原因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

崔洪莹  虞国跃 《北方园艺》2008,(3):73-76

苹果园内植食性昆虫种群数量的上升和主要种类的变替,原因是多方面的.其主要虫害会随着农药的施用、品种的替换、不同的农事而发生变化,因此不同年代主要的虫害并不恒定,随着时间而变化.对我国苹果主要产区过去50多年重要害虫的发生及种类演替进行综述,并分析其原因.导致演替的主要原因有以下几种:不合理使用农药;新的管理措施的应用,如套袋技术、生草果园及生态苹果园的推广等;新害虫的入侵等.  相似文献   

石灰氮与阿维菌素混用防治蔬菜根结线虫试验     

冯明祥  王佩圣  姜瑞德  王继青  张涛  程星 《北方园艺》2008,(10)

用石灰氮与阿维菌素混用进行土壤处理,明显减轻了蔬菜根结线虫的危害.在发病基数不同的2个大棚内试验,结果表明:在发病基数较高的大棚内,对根结线虫的防治效果达75.35%,在发病基数较低的大棚内,对根结线虫的防治效果达98.2%.  相似文献   

农药残留生物降解的研究     

LIU Jianli 《长江蔬菜》2008,(6)

从降解农药的微生物种类、农药降解的机理、影响降解因素等方面综述农药残留生物降解的研究进展,并提出了农药残留生物降解的应用现状、存在的问题及解决的途径。  相似文献   

Evaluation of etoxazole toxicity in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus     

Yusuf Sevgiler  Nevin Üner 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,78(1):1-8

The effects of etoxazole were evaluated in freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus from five different sublethal etoxazole concentrations in order to study the biochemical response, photometrically. No changes were observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx, EC 1.11.1.9). These were measured in liver after 1, 7, and 15 days of exposure to sublethal concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1% of field application rate (134.75 ppm). This study also investigated the levels of neurotoxic effects by the determination of acetylcholine esterase (AChE EC 3.1.1.7) and sodium-potassium adenosine 5^′-triphosphatase (Na⁺K⁺-ATPase, EC 3.6.3.9) activities. The exposure of fish led to sharp depletion in AChE activity while there is no significant alteration in Na⁺K⁺-ATPase activity. Up to 80% decreases were observed in the AChE activity. Since no difference was found in the activity of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.2), etoxazole did not show hepatotoxic effect. The results of the present study show that increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decrease in the AChE activity can be used as biomarkers for monitoring toxicity in etoxazole exposure.  相似文献   

新支二联苗种毒联合培养和联合免疫的研究     

赵恒章赵坤  李培庆 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2004,(10):10-12

用不同毒株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(F3株、肾型J株、H120-28/86株、H52、H120株)分别按不同浓度(100倍、400倍、700倍和1000倍)与100倍稀释的Lasota鸡新城疫病毒联合接种到10日龄鸡胚尿囊腔，同时设单独培养作对照，96h后收取尿囊液，用对流免疫电泳法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒效价，用血球凝集试验检测尿囊液鸡新城疫病毒效价。结果表明.以NDV100倍和IBV1000倍稀释混合作用后联合培养对二者病毒效价均无明显影响，NDV血凝效价可达1b11，IBV对流免疫电泳沉淀效价可达1b11，效果最佳。然后将上述培养液，用福尔马林溶液对其进行灭活，通过常规途径制备鸡新支二联油乳刑灭活苗。将此苗接种于21日龄雏鸡，接种后0，7，14，21，28，35，42，49d分别检测雏鸡NDV抗体和IBV抗体，检出的抗体平均值分别为2，3.6，4.8，5.8，6.2，6.5，6.8，6.5和2，3.3，4.6，5.9，6、2，6.4，6.6，6.4；攻毒保护率为100％。实验证明。以NDV100倍与IBV1000倍稀释混合作用后联合培养的尿囊液制得的鸡新支二联油乳荆灭活苗可以预防鸡新城疫和鸡传染性支气管炎。  相似文献   

茂名市乡村清洁工程示范村建设的实践与思考     

谭杰玲  吴小芳 《农业环境科学学报》2010,29(Z1)

农村环境恶化和资源浪费严重制约着农业可持续发展,成为构建和谐社会主义新农村的重要障碍。根据两年来茂名市乡村清洁工程示范村建设的实践,总结了其建设所取得的成效及存在问题,在此基础上提出了今后乡村清洁工程建设的对策与建议。  相似文献   

气相色谱法检测卷心菜中啶虫脒和吡虫啉残留   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李广领  姜金庆  王自良  陈锡岭  张会英  闫慧慧  于文霞 《西北农业学报》2010,19(9):71-74

采用模拟添加法,确立以XAD-2为柱填料,环己烷/乙酸乙酯[V(环乙烷)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶1]为淋洗剂的柱层析法提取、净化残留于卷心菜中啶虫脒和吡虫啉的前处理方法;建立以中等极性SUBTM-5柱、色谱柱程序升温、FID/MSD检测的气相色谱残留样品确证性检测方法。结果显示,优化色谱条件下啶虫脒和吡虫啉出峰时间均不超过8 min,且在0.5~100μg.L-1内有良好的线性响应,啶虫脒为Y=11.599X+221.578(r2=0.995 5),吡虫啉线性回归方程为Y=179.751X+2 592.787(r2=0.997 4),啶虫脒和吡虫啉最小检出量分别为3.5×10-7mg和5.1×10-7mg,残留样本的平均前处理时间均不超过20 min,它们在0.25、0.5和1.0 mg.kg-1添加水平下的平均添加回收率均大于75%,各添加量6次测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5%,啶虫脒和吡虫啉的定量检测限分别为0.005 3和0.007 1 mg.kg-1。表明该残留样本前处理方法和样品检测方法简便、高效、经济、可靠。  相似文献   

Identifying and investigating pesticide application types to promote a more sustainable pesticide use. The case of smallholders in Boyacá, Colombia     

Giuseppe Feola  Claudia R. Binder 《Crop Protection》2010

The present paper investigates pesticide application types adopted by smallholder potato producers in the Department of Boyacá, Colombia. In this region, environmental, health and adverse economic effects due to pesticide mis- or over-use respectively have been observed. Firstly, pesticide application types were identified based on input-effectiveness. Secondly, their determinants of adoption were investigated. Finally suggestions were given to develop intervention options for transition towards a more sustainable pesticide use. Three application types were identified for fungicide and insecticide. The types differed in terms of input (intensity of pesticide application), effect (damage control), frequency of application, average quantity applied per application, chemical class, and productivity. Then, the determinants of different pesticide application types were investigated with a multinomial logistic regression approach and applying the integrative agent centred (IAC) framework. The area of the plot, attendance at training sessions and educational and income levels were among the most relevant determinants. The analysis suggested that better pesticide use could be fostered to reduce pesticide-related risks in the region. Intervention options were outlined, which may help in targeting this issue. They aim not only at educating farmers, but to change their social and institutional context, by involving other agents of the agricultural system (i.e. pesticide producers), facilitating new institutional settings (i.e. cooperatives) and targeting social dynamics (i.e. conformity to social norms).  相似文献   

姬松茸~(60)Co辐射新菌株J_5的营养成份、重金属含量与农药残留分析及其安全性评价     

江枝和  翁伯琦  雷锦桂  肖淑霞  唐翔虬  王义祥 《热带作物学报》2010,31(10):1702-1705

对姬松茸60Co辐射新菌株J5子实体中营养成份、农药残留和重金属含量进行测定,并进行安全性评价,结果表明:其子实体中鲜味氨基酸总量(5.51 g/100 g)、甜味氨基酸总量(5.7 g/100 g)、硫氨氨基酸总量(1.81 g/100 g)、支链氨基酸总量(3.97 g/100 g)、芳香族氨基酸总量(1.68 g/100 g)、儿童氨基酸总量(1.8 g/100 g)、必需氨基酸总量(10.16 g/100 g),分别占氨基酸总量(23.17 g/100 g)的23.78%、24.60%、7.81%、17.13%、7.25%、7.77%、43.85%,也分别比姬松茸J1高24.94%、22.84%、14.56%、19.22%、17.48%、17.65%和19.53%。多不饱和脂肪酸(76.35%)和不饱和脂肪酸(74.65%)比姬松茸原菌株J1分别高2.21%和2.61%。1 kg子实体含镉5.61 mg、铅0.39 mg、汞0.5 mg和砷0.03 mg,也分别比原菌株姬松茸J1降低21.32%、19.35%、58.51%和72.73%;铅和砷的含量符合国家绿色食品食用菌NY/T749-2003的标准。子实体中农药残留的溴氰菊酯、百菌清、六六六、多菌灵、滴滴涕和二氧化硫的含量符合国家绿色食品食用菌NY/T749-2003的标准。联苯菊酯、阿维菌素、甲基托布津、甲胺磷和毒死蜱的含量符合欧盟2003年出口规定的标准。  相似文献