杉木林下植被对5～15cm土壤性质的改良^*   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

杨承栋  焦如珍  屠星南  熊有强  陈仲庐 《林业科学研究》1995,8(5):514-519

对江西大岗山山下林场杉木人工材５－１５ｃｍ土壤性质研究结果表明：土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量，细菌中芽孢杆菌，放线菌中灰色菌丝群以及真菌中的曲毒和木霉数量，随林下植被盖度的增大而提高。  相似文献   

中的鞘氨醇类代谢产物   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱峰  林永成  周世宁  Vrijmoed L L P 《林产化学与工业》2004,24(4):11-14

从中国香港红树林的两株南海海洋真菌(2526#和1850#)的代谢产物中分离到4个化合物，通过完整的波谱数据分别解析为鞘氨醇类化合物N-(2’，3‘-二羟基二十四碳酰基)-1，3-二羟基-2-氨基十八烷(A)、n-(2’，3‘-二羟基二十六碳酰基)-1，3-二羟基-2-氨基十八烷(B)、2‘-dehydroxycerebroside D(C)和cerebroside D(D)。化合物A和B未见文献报道。  相似文献   

Crack formation due to weathering of radial and tangential sections of pine and spruce     

Dick Sandberg  Ove S  derstr  m 《Wood material science & engineering》2006,1(1):12-20

The development of cracks and changes in appearance have been investigated on radial and tangential sections of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after exposure outdoors for 61 months. The degradation of the sections has also been studied at the micro-level. The annual ring orientation was the most important factor affecting crack development on weathering. After 61 months of outdoor exposure, the tangential sections of spruce had 1.7-2.2 times greater mean total crack length per area unit than the corresponding radial sections. In pine, the total crack length per area unit on the tangential sections was 2.2-2.6 times greater than that on the radial sections. Tangential and radial sections show the same colour change as a result of weathering. Tangential sections have more and deeper cracks than radial surfaces. The cracks on the tangential sections occur frequently in both earlywood and latewood. On radial sections, cracks occur primarily at the annual ring borders, but to a certain extent also in the earlywood. Decomposition of the cell wall takes place in both radial and tangential cell walls, and cracks tend to follow the fibril orientation in the S2-layer of the cell wall. The radial cell wall of the earlywood has a large number of pits which are degraded at an early stage.  相似文献   

辽西北地区植被分布组成与土地沙化关系的调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

焦树仁  邢兆凯  赵冰  潘文利  刘畅  刘阳 《辽宁林业科技》2006,(1):9-12

在辽西北部地区土地沙化调查中,进行的植被调查结果表明,草本植被平均盖度为71.9%。由于草地面积减少与连年干旱的影响,湿生植物、中生植物分布缩小,而旱生植物分布扩大。出现频度最高的植物共20种,其中1年生田间杂草和沙生植物的总出现次数与数量高于多年生禾草和其他多年生植物,为其1.8倍和2.7倍。因此,该区植被退化与土地沙化发展比较强烈。这20种植物中过度放牧和极度放牧沙化植物的出现次数和数量高于适度放牧(包括不放牧)和重度放牧,可知过度放牧和极度放牧,是植被退化与土地沙化的主要因素。蒺藜草的分布频度达25.0%,多度达23.7%,已经成为当地草原的主要害草。  相似文献   

3种白腐菌木质素降解酶的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董旭杰  曹福祥  陈静  吕聪  DONG Xu-jie  CAO Fu-xiang  CHEN Jing  Lü Cong 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,27(3):131-135

对3种白腐菌——黄孢原毛平革菌、变色栓菌和木质层孔菌在恒温振荡培养条件下产漆酶、锰过氧化物酶的情况进行比较研究,同时还对此3种菌在培养过程中还原糖的变化作了研究.结果表明:3种白腐菌中变色栓菌产漆酶相对最高,其漆酶酶活最高达到136.5 U/L,产酶最高时间为第8天;而木质层孔菌产锰过氧化物酶相对最高,其最高酶活达到880.2 U/L,产酶最高时间为第8天;同时在培养过程中还原糖含量随培养时间的延长而逐渐降低.  相似文献   

Comparative effectiveness of two alkylammonium compounds as wood preservatives     

Won-Joung Hwang  S. Nami Kartal  Yuji Imamura  Kunio Tsunoda  Katsumi Shinoda 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(4):332-338

This study describes a laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of two alkylammonium compounds [didecyldimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC)] when applied via vacuum impregnation or superficial treatment. Treated wood specimens were tested for their termite and microbial resistance under controlled laboratory conditions. The higher chemical retentions were needed to suppress the feeding by Coptotermes formosanus ≦3% mass loss in the multichoice test than in the no-choice test. The DBF and DDAC retention levels necessary to meet the performance requirement ≦3% mass loss after 12-week fungal exposure varied with wood species. The retention level of 3 kg/m³ for DBF and DDAC was generally high to keep the nondurable wood species free of decay. Although there was no difference between DBF and DDAC in the efficacy against decay and termite attack, the former slightly outperformed the latter as an antimold and antisapstain agent.  相似文献   

Incorporating forage grasses in riparian buffers for bioremediation of atrazine, isoxaflutole and nitrate in Missouri     

C.H. Lin  R.N. Lerch  H.E. Garrett  M.F. George 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,63(1):91-99

Multi-species tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems have been recognized as one of the most cost-effective bioremediation approaches to alleviate nonpoint source agricultural pollution in heavily fertilized systems. However, highly concentrated herbicides in surface and subsurface water and shade cast by trees along the stream bank usually compromise the effectiveness of these systems. Greenhouse trials and field lysimeter studies were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), timothy (Phleum pratense), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) ground covers to atrazine and Balance™ (isoxaflutole) plus their capacity to sequester and degrade these herbicides and their metabolites. Their ability to remove soil nitrate was also quantified. Concentrations of atrazine, Balance™ and their metabolites in the leachate, soil and plant samples were determined by solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid or gas chromatographic analyses. Distribution of the herbicides and metabolites in the system was calculated using a mass balance approach. Herbicide bioremediation capacity of each lysimeter treatment was determined by the ratio of metabolites to parent herbicide plus metabolites. Bioremediation of nitrate was quantified by comparing nitrate reduction rates in grass treatments to the bare ground control. Based on this herbicide tolerance, bioremediation data and shade tolerance determined in a previous study, it was established that switch grass, tall fescue and smooth bromegrass are good candidates for incorporation into tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems designed for the bioremediation of atrazine, Balance™ and nitrate.  相似文献   

百合真菌性病害化学防治方法的研究     

叶世森  林芳 《福建林业科技》2007,34(3):65-68

从百合种球消毒、圃地消毒、药剂防治方面开展百合真菌性病害化学防治试验。结果表明,联合运用圃地消毒和种球消毒,可以有效地预防百合真菌性病害初次侵染发生,采用25%的蓝点可湿性粉剂1 200倍液、1 500倍液,80%的云生可湿性粉剂600倍液,10%世高水分散粒剂1 000倍液防治百合真菌性病害能取得较好的防治效果。  相似文献   

杜鹃花属植物内生真菌对毛棉杜鹃幼苗生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋慧娟  赵富群  洪文君  庄雪影＃ 《广东林业科技》2015,31(4):47-51

对来自粤北3种野生杜鹃花属植物根样中的聚多曲霉（Aspergillus sydowii）（菌株号：YJ1,YS2）、杂色曲霉A. versicolor（菌株号：GD1）3个内生真菌菌株及其混合菌剂进行瓶内接种试验,比较其对毛棉杜鹃（Rhododendron moulmainense）幼苗的菌根侵染率、苗高和生物量的影响。结果表明,3个菌株及其混合菌剂均可与毛棉杜鹃幼苗根系形成菌根共生体,但不同菌剂在不同培养基上对毛棉杜鹃幼苗根系的侵染力、苗高增长和生物量增重效果存在显著差异（P<0.05）。多数菌剂（YS2、M3、M1、M2）在MMN培养基上对幼苗根系侵染力显著高于WPM培养基和混合基质培养基（P<0.05）,而多数接菌苗（YJ1、GD1、M2、M3）在WPM培养基上生长显著优于MMN培养基（P<0.05）,YS2、GD1和混合菌剂M2（YS2+GD1）对毛棉杜鹃幼苗的增高和增重具有明显的促生作用。  相似文献   

Effects of high temperature kiln drying on the practical performances of Japanese cedar wood (Cryptomeria japonica) I: changes in hygroscopicity due to heating     

Eiichi Obataya  Sakae Shibutani  Kensuke Hanata  Shuichi Doi 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(1):33-38

The effect of heating on the hygroscopicity of Japanese cedar wood was investigated as a simple evaluation of thermal degradation in large-dimension timber being kiln-dried at high temperatures (>100°C). Small wood pieces were heated at 120°C in the absence of moisture (dry heating) and steamed at 60°, 90°, and 120°C with saturated water vapor over 2 weeks, and their equilibrium moisture contents (M) at 20°C and 60% relative humidity (RH) were compared with those of unheated samples. No significant change was induced by steaming at 60°C, while heating above 90°C caused loss in weight (WL) and reduction in M of wood. The effects of steaming were greater than those of dry heating at the same heating temperature. After extraction in water, the steamed wood showed additional WL and slight increase in M because of the loss of water-soluble decomposition residue. The M of heated wood decreased with increasing WL, and such a correlation became clearer after the extraction in water. On the basis of experimental correlation, the WL of local parts in large-dimension kiln-dried timber was evaluated from their M values. The results indicated that the thermal degradation of inner parts was greater than that of outer parts.  相似文献