Spat availability of commercial bivalve species recruited on artificial collectors from the northern Gulf of California. Seasonal changes in species composition          下载免费PDF全文

Gaspar Soria  Miguel F Lavín  Richard Cudney‐Bueno 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(12):2829-2840

This study reports a year‐round recruitment of spat of four commercial bivalve species; Pteria sterna, Euvola vogdesi, Pinctada mazatlanica and Pinna rugosa collected in the region of Puerto Peñasco, north‐eastern coast of the Gulf of California. Bimonthly recruitment of commercial bivalve spat on netlon^® collectors was evaluated for six sites from June 2007 to August 2008. To describe spat recruitment abundances with environmental parameters, sea surface temperature (°C) and surface chlorophyll a concentration (mg m^?3) were characterized by means of monthly Aqua/MODIS satellite data. For each species a repeated measures anova was used to evaluate differences in the number of spat between months, sites and depths. Maximum sea surface temperature was recorded in August–September (~31.5°C) and the minimum in January–February (~15°C), while the minimum surface chlorophyll a was observed in June–September (mean range = 1.5–2 mg m^?3) and the maximum in January–March (mean range = 2–5 mg m^?3). Spat recruitment showed distinct patterns; P. sterna can be characterized as having a Winter–Spring pattern, E. vogdesi a winter pattern, while P. mazatlanica and P. rugosa a summer spat recruitment pattern. This information constitutes part of the fundamental data needed for the development of aquaculture and conservation initiatives in the region based on wild spat supply.  相似文献   

合浦珠母贝表皮生长因子样(EGF-like)基因的克隆与表达分析     

朱文杰  黄桂菊  张东玲  范嗣刚  刘宝锁  毕晓敏  喻达辉 《水产学报》2015,39(5):648-657

为探究表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)在合浦珠母贝幼体发育以及组织生长过程中的作用,实验通过RACE技术克隆了合浦珠母贝EGF-like基因并做了相应的表达分析。实验结果获得cDNA全长序列4 107 bp,命名为Pf-egf1,开放阅读框(ORF)702 bp,编码234个氨基酸,包含一个信号肽序列和一个跨膜结构域,功能结构域分析发现Pf-egf1具有一个EGF-like结构域,有6个半胱氨酸残基,由3个二硫键维持,是表皮生长因子家族及其相关蛋白的特征结构域,但其余序列与现有相关基因序列差异较大,推测可能是一个新的EGF-like基因。表达结果显示,Pf-egf1 mRNA在合浦珠母贝外套膜、闭壳肌、鳃、肝胰腺、珍珠囊、肠和性腺中均有表达,在肠中的表达显著高于其他组织;在合浦珠母贝幼体发育的担轮期、D型期、壳顶期、眼点期和变态期的表达呈现逐渐升高的趋势,并且其在变态期的表达量极显著地高于其他时期。上述结果表明,Pf-egf1基因可能在合浦珠母贝肠道修复和幼虫变态发育阶段起着重要作用,为进一步开展育珠与生长调控奠定了基础。  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝选育群体4个世代的遗传变异   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

管云雁  刘文广  何毛贤 《中国水产科学》2013,20(4):764-770

采用9个多态性微卫星位点分析马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)壳高选育品系(JCS)4个世代的遗传多样性与遗传结构的变化。结果表明, 随着选育的进行,  4个世代每个位点的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)从2.096下降至1.435, 平均等位基因丰度(R_s)从3.556下降至 2.556, 平均观测杂合度从0.492渐次下降至0.269, 遗传多样性呈明显的下降趋势。随着选育世代的增加, 从等位基因频率的变化来看, 部分呈上升趋势, 部分呈下降趋势, 部分基本保持稳定, 其中, 一些低频基因甚至会趋于消失。在所有等位基因中, 大部分的频率呈随机变化趋势, 并在不同的世代间上下波动; HHM20- 158 bp的频率呈有规律的变化, 由中高频逐步上升至高频, 呈富集趋势。结论认为, 经过4代的选育, 马氏珠母贝选育群体遗传多样性呈降低趋势, 遗传结构趋于稳定。本研究旨在为后续的马氏珠母贝选育策略提供理论指导。

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合浦珠母贝幼贝生长性状的遗传参数估计     

黎火金  刘宝锁  罗会  黄桂菊  陈明强  范嗣刚  李有宁  喻达辉 《中国水产科学》2013,20(6):1182-1187

以广东徐闻和海南三亚2个地理群体合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)为亲本, 采用人工授精方法构建了33个全同胞家系。在162日龄时从每个家系随机抽取50个个体, 共1 650个, 测量其壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量4个生长性状, 利用动物模型对4个性状进行遗传参数分析。结果表明, 合浦珠母贝4个生长性状的总平均值分别为(16.28 ± 4.46) mm、(14.85 ± 4.39) mm、(4.58 ± 1.52) mm、(0.66 ± 0.67) g。4个性状的遗传力分别为0.202 ± 0.020、0.203 ± 0.020、0.200 ± 0.021和0.204 ± 0.020, 均属中等遗传力, 因此可以用选择育种进行遗传改良。4个性状间表型相关系数和遗传相关系数的范围分别为0.667~0.698和0.685~0.959, 其中壳长、壳高和壳宽之间的遗传相关系数均低于0.7, 与表型相关一致, 而三者与体重间的遗传相关系数较高(0.868~0.959), 其中壳宽与体质量间的遗传相关系数最高(0.959)。本研究中合浦珠母贝的4个性状为中等遗传力, 并可通过对壳宽的选育来改良体质量性状。上述结果为进一步开展合浦珠母贝选择育种研究奠定了基础。

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Comparison of harvested rate and nacre deposition parameters between cultured pearls issued from initial graft and second nucleus insertion in P. margaritifera          下载免费PDF全文

Jonathan Demmer  Philippe Cabral  Chin‐Long Ky 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3297-3306

Cultured pearls produced with Pinctada margaritifera, using the surgreffe method (implantation of a second nucleus following pearl harvest) were studied for the first time to: (1) examine family effect on nacre thickness, nacre weight and nacre deposition speed and (2) compare variation in these three traits with that obtained from the cultured pearls previously harvested after the corresponding initial grafts. A surgreffe experiment using 783 recipient oysters was realized in Rangiroa atoll (French Polynesia). After 24 months of culture, 389 cultured pearls were harvested. Significant donor family effect was found for the harvested pearl rate from surgreffe (P = 0.046). Highly significant donor family effect was recorded for nacre thickness (P = 0.004). Very highly significant donor family effects were recorded for nacre weight and nacre deposition speed (P < 0.0001). Comparison between surgreffe and initial graft showed: (1) no significant effect for the average cultured pearl rate harvested (P = 0.052) and average cultured pearl nacre deposition speed (P = 0.622) and (2) very highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) for the average cultured pearl nacre thickness and nacre weight. This study highlighted three major implications for pearl industry management: (1) donor family effect was maintained from initial graft to surgreffe, for nacre thickness, weight and deposition speed, (2) the persistence of the pearl sac metabolic activity over three years of culture and (3) the relation between harvested pearl rate and the size of the nucleus inserted in the pearl sac.  相似文献   

珠母贝糖胺聚糖的纯化及其化学性质   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  

吴红棉 《水产学报》2000,24(6):570-574

珠母贝糖胺聚糖粗制品经吸附、等电点沉淀、醇沉、溴化十六浣基三甲铵（ＣＴＡＢ）络合等进行分离纯化,得一糖胺聚糖级分。经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳显示为单一区带。化学组成分析表明：该级分氨基已糖含量较高（７１．３％）,其中以氨基半乳糖为（５９％）,含量少量的乙糖醛酸,含硫酸基、半乳糖、岩藻糖。元素分析表明其碳、氢、氮、硫的含量分别为３７．７％、５．８％、３．０％。对级分的残余氨基酸分析表明,８４．２％氨基酸已  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及其游离氨基酸组成   总被引：84，自引：5，他引：79  

章超桦 《水产学报》2000,24(2):180-184

对马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及游离氨基酸组成进行了较系统的食品化学特性研究,结果表明：马氏珠母贝含粗蛋白７４．９％（干基）,蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,富含Ｇｌｕ（２．２１％）、Ａｓｐ（１．４５）、Ｇｌｙ（１．０１％）等呈味氨基酸;蛋白质营养价高,氨基酸价为８２,第一限制氨基酸是含硫氨基酸（１９７３年（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ标准）;无机盐含量丰富,尤其是微量元素Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ;游离氨基酸中,牛磺酸含量最高达１．３８％,  相似文献   

不同运输条件对合浦珠母贝稚贝存活比较     

邓正华  陈明强  李有宁  赵旺  林先鑫  黄桂菊  王雨 《上海海洋大学学报》2020,29(1):36-44

比较运输方式及环境温度对合浦珠母贝稚贝运输中的存活影响,从而为稚贝运输过程中的运输方式、环境温度及运输时间的把握提供借鉴和参考。以3月龄稚贝为实验材料,运用无水干露、加水淹没及包装充氧等3种方式,分别在环境温度为5、13、21和29℃下模拟运输。每隔3 h从每组运输条件下取出1组实验贝,转移到正常养殖环境下暂养恢复,经48 h后统计其存活率。对运输时间与存活率之间进行非线性参数曲线拟合,计算每组运输条件下的致死时间(T_0)、半致死时间(T_(0.5))及全致死时间(T_1);运用双因素方差分析,Duncan氏方法比较3种运输方式及4种环境温度间的均值。结果显示:包装充氧优于其他两种运输方式,而加水淹没又优于无水干露;温度为13℃和21℃时优于其他2个环境温度,环境温度为17.60～20.05℃是稚贝运输的最佳温度。  相似文献   

Evaluation of three phytoplankton species as food for the pearl oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada fucata</Emphasis>     

Tomoki Hashimoto  Katsuya Hyodoh  Takuma Hirose  Satoshi Nishikawa  Toshiya Katano  Shin-ichi Nakano 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(4):309-318

In the pearl cultivation farms of the Ehime Prefecture, Japan, mass mortalities of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have occurred since 1994. The occurrences of mass mortality roughly coincided with a shift of the dominant phytoplankton from Skeletonema and Chaetoceros to Chaetoceros and Nitzschia all of which belong to Bacillariophyceae. Hence, we evaluated Nitzschia, together with Chaetoceros and Isocrysis, as food for the oyster. Wet weights, lengths, widths, glycogen contents, and growth rates in terms of wet weight of the oysters in all the feeding treatments were significantly higher than those in the non-feeding treatment. The highest glycogen content (2.34%) and growth rate (2.21 g month⁻¹) were found in the Chaetoceros treatment. Growth rate in the Isocrysis treatment (1.63 g month⁻¹) was also high, although glycogen content in this treatment (0.41%) was low. In the Nitzschia treatment, growth rate of the oyster (0.94 g month⁻¹) was the lowest and glycogen content (0.83%) was also low relative to that in the Chaetoceros treatment. Chlorophyll a concentration in fecal pellets was lowest in the Nitzschia treatment (<2.7 μg mg⁻¹), suggesting more complete digestion of Nitzschia by the oyster. Thus, Nitzschia was edible and digestible but not assimilated by P. fucata. We propose the following scenario for the relationship between Nitzschia dominance and mass mortality. When Nitzschia dominates in a culture area, the physiological condition of P. fucata deteriorates due to low assimilation of Nitzschia by the oyster, followed by susceptibility of the oyster to infection by agents lethal to the oyster.  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝蛋白的分离及分子量分布研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑惠娜  章超桦  刘书成  曹文红 《水产科学》2008,27(9)

试验结果表明,马氏珠母贝全脏器各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮1.48%,肌浆蛋白33.20%,肌原纤维蛋白13.14%,碱溶性蛋白21.54%,基质蛋白30.65%;贝肌肉各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮0.83%,肌浆蛋白26.56%,肌原纤维蛋白18.48%,碱溶性蛋白30.34%,基质蛋白23.79%;马氏珠母贝蛋白氨基酸组成均衡,呈味氨基酸及支链氨基酸含量高,但在各蛋白组分中的含量存在一定差异性.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定的分子量分布结果显示,2种原料蛋白的肌浆蛋白分子量分布范围较宽,集中在200～19 kDa,肌原纤维蛋白分子量分布集中在200～45 kDa,碱溶性蛋白集中分布在41～3 kDa.  相似文献