对地膜和秸秆覆盖玉米生长发育与产量的分析   总被引：39，自引：1，他引：39  

卜玉山  苗果园  邵海林  王建程 《作物学报》2006,32(7):1090-1093

两年盆栽和大田玉米覆盖试验结果表明,秸秆和地膜覆盖都不同程度地增加了玉米株高、茎粗、净光合速率和单株干物质积累量等;地膜覆盖的促进作用在玉米生育前期较大,而秸秆覆盖的作用则主要表现在玉米生育中后期。秸秆和地膜覆盖增产的主要原因均为玉米穗长和穗粒数的增加,在本试验条件下,秸秆和地膜覆盖的增产效应主要表现在拔节至抽雄及雌穗分化发育阶段,而对后期粒重形成影响不大。  相似文献   

Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C.A. Liu  S.L. Jin  L.M. Zhou  Y. Jia  F.M. Li  Y.C. Xiong  X.G. Li 《European Journal of Agronomy》2009,31(4):241-249

This paper determined the effects of mulching time for double furrows and ridges using plastic film on soil water status, grain yield of maize, soil quality, and economic benefits. The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area during two growing seasons of 2006–2007 with the following three treatments: (i) plastic film mulching at maize sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (CK); (ii) mulching applied 30 d before sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (T1); and (iii) mulching at sowing with no-tillage, and the film left on the field after harvest in the first season and used for mulching in the second season (T2). The T1 in both years and T2 in the second year (2007) improved soil water content (in the 0–60 cm layer) and temperature (10 cm) at sowing compared with CK. After the two seasons, the soil water content was significantly higher in the 0–80 cm soil layer in CK and T1, and in the 0–120 cm soil layer in T2; however, it decreased significantly in 140–200 cm soil layer in CK and T1, compared to their initial values at sowing in April 2006, and there was no significant change in T2. The rainfall storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer during the non-growing season (late September 2006 to late April 2007) was 18.2 mm in CK, 34.0 mm in T1, and 59.7 mm in T2, and the rainfall storage in 100–200 cm soil layer was 16.5 and 18.6 mm higher in T2 than in CK and T1, respectively. In 2006, there were no significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in all treatments. In 2007, the yield in T1 was significantly higher than in T2, but yields in T2 and CK were not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in WUE among treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (0–20 cm) decreased in CK and T1, but increased (by 2.7%) in T2 at harvesting in September 2007 from the initial value of sowing in April 2006. The ratio of output to input was 1.32:1 for CK, 1.40:1 for T1, and 1.67:1 for T2 averaged across the two seasons. Therefore, T2 was a more sustainable model for increasing water storage, producing greater economic benefit and maintaining SOC balance for maize production in semiarid area.  相似文献   

北海市瓜菜大棚设施栽培现状与发展对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈家翔 《长江蔬菜》2009,(4)

从规模、新技术应用、栽培模式、效益等方面阐述了北海市瓜幕大棚设施栽培的现状,同时分析了存在的问题,并针对现状和存在的问题提出了政策扶持、创建品牌、强化培训、加大投入和加强产品质量检测等发展对策,旨在促进大棚设施栽培产业的健康可持续发展.  相似文献   

缓释肥减量施用对覆膜栽培玉米生物性状、干物质积累与养分分配的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵欢  张萌  秦松  肖厚军  郑常祥  祝云芳 《玉米科学》2017,25(1):139-146

通过大田试验研究缓释肥覆膜减量条件下的玉米生物性状、干物质分配比例、养分含量差异及其与产量的相关性分析。结果表明,与不覆膜(T2)处理相比,覆膜可使玉米的茎粗提高11.05%~19.34%,株高提高2.78%~5.39%,穗位高提高6.20%~10.28%,覆膜条件下缓释肥减量对玉米生物性状无明显影响。覆膜可以使玉米干物质积累提高25.22%~31.01%,较普通复合肥(T6)相比,施用缓释肥更有利于玉米干物质积累,且缓释肥覆膜减量15%(T4)不会影响玉米干物质积累,减量过度(T5)则会显著降低玉米干物质积累以及子粒和茎秆的氮含量。相关分析发现,玉米产量与生物性状存在显著或极显著的相关性,与不同部位养分含量也存在显著或极显著相关性。覆膜条件下施用缓释肥有利于改善玉米生物性状,提高干物质积累和养分含量,玉米茎粗、株高、穗位高与茎秆氮含量、叶片钾含量、子粒氮含量可以作为玉米产量评估的重要指标。  相似文献   

蔬菜棚室用自走式微型旋耕机的研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

应义斌  蒋焕煜  成芳 《农业工程学报》1997,13(1):88-91

为适应蔬菜大棚的大规模发展对农机具的需求，在分析无驱动轮旋耕的力学机理和功率消耗的基础上，根据蔬菜棚室内作业对农机具的要求和目前菜农的技术条件与经济条件，设计和研制了一种微型旋耕机。该机用无驱动轮旋耕的工作方式，采用立轴式小型汽油机和蜗轮蜗杆传动，机架和传动箱体为薄钢板冲压成型，扶手架上下、左右可调，耕深为１０．７ｃｍ，生产率为０．０９ｈｍ^２／ｈ，重量仅为生产率相同的国内其它旋耕机的１／２～１／５。  相似文献   

秸秆与地膜覆盖玉米农田土壤水分时空动态变化——兼评回归等值线法的应用   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

卜玉山  苗果园  周乃健  王建程  邵海林 《土壤学报》2004,41(5):795-802

利用回归等值线法对秸秆和地膜覆盖玉米农田土壤水分时空动态变化进行了分析比较。结果表明 :从 2 0 0 2年 4月 2 9日 (玉米出苗期 )至 2 0 0 3年 1月 4日的 2 5 0d内 ,对照秸秆和地膜覆盖处理下 ,在0～ 1 5 0cm土层内的土壤含水量随时间变化都呈“降低—增加”的趋势 ,随土层深度变化呈“降低—增加—降低”的趋势。土壤含水量随时间而降低阶段与玉米生育期耗水量增加阶段相吻合。对照处理最低水分区域出现提前 ,位置上升 ;地膜覆盖处理土壤含水量下降幅度最大 ,最低水分区域有明显向底层延伸的趋势 ;而秸秆覆盖处理最低水分区域土壤含水量相对最高。从玉米生育后期一直到测定结束时的翌年 1月份 ,3种覆盖处理土壤含水量都呈上升趋势 ,且以上层土壤水分增加幅度大于中、下层土壤。回归等值线法反映了土壤水分时空动态变化的基本趋势和规律 ,具有简单省时、图形简洁明了、信息量大、便于分析等特点 ,可用于土壤水分测定数据的整理和分析。  相似文献   

土壤中可溶性有机氮含量及其影响因素研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

杨绒  周建斌  赵满兴 《土壤通报》2007,38(1):15-18

研究了农田和日光温室2个生态系统土壤中可溶性有机氮(SON)的含量及施肥和栽培模式对其含量的影响。结果表明,农田和日光温室土壤中SON的含量平均分别为39.19 mg kg-1和320.16 mg kg-1,分别占可溶性总氮(TSN)的80%和73%,说明SON是土壤氮素中不可忽视的氮素组分。不同栽培模式对土壤中SON的含量及其占TSN的比例的影响因生育时期的不同而异。覆草显著增加了小麦拔节期0~5 cm土层土壤中SON的含量,覆膜各土层SON含量均较常规模式有所提高;开花期覆草和覆膜模式土壤中TSN和SON含量较拔节期的显著下降。施用无机氮肥对土壤中SON的含量无显著影响。  相似文献   

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil fertility in cropland mulched with plastic film in a semiarid agro-ecosystem     

Feng-Min Li  Qiu-Hua Song  Yuan-Chun Shi 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(11):1893-1902

Microbial biomass C (MBC) is one of the soil properties used as an indicator for the fertility status of a soil. A study was conducted on a semi-arid Loess Plateau in China. The field was planted with spring wheat and mulched with plastic film for various lengths of time. Our primary objectives were to (i) explore the influence of film mulching on soil MBC and soil fertility, and (ii) seek an effective approach of maintaining and improving sustainability of cropland mulched with plastic film in two growing seasons. Four treatments were tested, non-mulching (M0), mulching for 30 days after sowing (M30), mulching for 60 DAS (M60) and mulching for the whole growing period (Mw). An increasing air temperature with time within the growing season promoted soil MBC in the two growing seasons, but a severe drought led to a lower MBC in 2000 compared with the wet year of 1999. Film mulching promoted MBC significantly in the 2 years, but decreased soil organic carbon (SOC). SOC is very low in the experimental soil, accounting for the higher MBC/SOC ratio compared with ratios reported by others. The SOC is greatly reduced in the non-mulched and the Mw treatments compared to the M30 and M60 treatments. In conclusion, the benefits of film mulching in semi-arid agricultural systems are enormous but realizing their full potential depends on how long the mulching material is maintained during the growing season. In the system tested, it is desirable to mulch the plots for 30-60 DAS in order to enhance microbial biomass and cycling of nutrients and also to provide a more stable soil micro-environment that generates more residues in the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

渭南市种植业面源污染现状、防治难点及对策建议     

张俊丽  雷建新  赵晓进  安小玲  薛菁  拜翊莎  陈金丽  杨圆圆  李杨 《农学学报》2020,10(9):29-32

掌握面源污染现状是进行污染防治的前提。本研究概述了渭南市种植业面源污染的现状,指出化肥施用高量低效并存、农药包装物污染、残膜污染持续以及秸秆综合利用衍生问题突出,是当前种植业面源污染亟待解决的问题,然后结合防治难点,从宣传普及、强化监测、健全法规、资金保障以及做好技术研发和推广等角度提出了较系统的防治对策和建议。  相似文献   

阳坡山地花椒园的立地条件和丰产试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘学勤  桑芝法 《经济林研究》1990,8(1):41-45

阳坡山地花椒园光热充足,但土壤水分、养分条件较差,因而,限制了单株产量。采用园地覆膜、尿素叶面喷肥技术措施能明显提高单株产量,是石灰岩山地花椒园的重要增产措施。  相似文献