大黄鱼与三疣梭子蟹池塘混养技术研究     

戚正梁  何竺柳  唐舟凯  曾贵候  高阳  赵波  储张杰 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(26)

研究了大黄鱼与三疣梭子蟹的池塘混养技术。2011年4月初向池塘内投放80~100 g/尾的大黄鱼,混养池塘投放4 000~5 000尾/hm~2,共投放4 500尾/hm~2,5月下旬投放规格为150~200只/kg的三疣梭子蟹,混养池塘投放30 000只/hm~2,共投放33 000只/hm~2,梭子蟹单养池塘60 000只/hm~2,共投放66 000只/hm~2。大黄鱼单养池塘投放8 000~10 000尾/hm~2,共投放9 000尾/hm~2;当年11月中下旬收获商品大黄鱼,大黄鱼单养池塘平均单产2 118.7~2 238.7 kg/hm~2,混养池塘1 329.6~1 460.3 kg/hm~2,存活率分别为76.2%和85.3%;9~11月收获商品梭子蟹,梭子蟹单养池塘的平均单产1 701.8~1 747.1 kg/hm~2,混养池塘的平均单产为1 253.5~1 314.3kg/hm~2,存活率分别为17.8%和21.3%。混养、大黄鱼单养、梭子蟹单养投入产出比分别为1∶1.83~1∶1.96、1∶1.69~1∶1.81、1∶1.57~1∶1.76。由此可见,大黄鱼与三疣梭子蟹的混养有助于提高综合效益。  相似文献   

Relating long-term rainfall variability to cattle population dynamics in communal rangelands and a government ranch in southern Ethiopia     

Ayana Angassa  Gufu Oba 《Agricultural Systems》2007

This study reconstructed 21 years of household cattle population data in key resource (tula wells) and non-key resource (pond-water) rangelands in southern Ethiopia, as well as 15 years of government cattle breed conservation ranch data, to analyze the relationship between long-term rainfall and cattle population dynamics. For the key-and-non-key resource rangelands, we assessed the reproductive life of cows and the number of calves. For both the communal and ranch systems, we analyzed impacts of multiple droughts on calving rates and herd die-offs. Relationships between pre-drought and post-drought cattle populations were used to evaluate evidence of density-dependence. Breeding females in the key resource tula well rangelands had a longer reproductive life than in the pond-water rangelands, and they produced more calves per reproductive life. Average calving rates were 55% for the communal and 52% for the ranch. Greater reductions in calving rates during droughts implied reduced herd growth potential. Breeding females and immature animals were influenced to a much greater degree by inter-annual rainfall variability than were mature males. The data showed a downward spiral for the total cattle holdings over a 21-year period, with a decline of 54%. The evidence of density-dependence was relatively important at the local land use level as compared with the regional level. Cattle population below carrying capacity under ranch management did not reduce herd die-offs, suggesting that rainfall variability, not density, had greater influence on cattle population dynamics. Long-term trends of cattle populations in the communal and ranch systems synchronized with mean deviations of rainfall. Our results indicate that rainfall variability under the different management systems strongly influenced the dynamics of cattle population, calving rates and mortality. The claim that ranching could be a superior model for range management in Borana over the communal system was not confirmed. The decline in cattle population in southern Ethiopia indicates a need for improved drought management policy. The evidence that droughts were more harmful to breeding females and immature animals than to mature males suggested that drought management needs to focus on herd recruitment potential. For the herders in southern Ethiopia, drought management involved herd mobility and accumulation of herds during periods of favourable rainfall. In the future, the importance of government ranch could be in breed conservation for the maintenance of the Borana cattle breed through distribution of bulls during the drought recovery phase.  相似文献   

长江流域2种水产养殖模式的生命周期环境影响评价          下载免费PDF全文

董寅  李冰  贾睿  侯诒然  刁维旭  朱健 《渔业科学进展》2024,45(1):23-32

本研究以长江流域内的池塘养殖和稻渔综合种养2种水产养殖模式为对象,应用生命周期评价方法,分析2种养殖模式对能源消耗(EU)、全球变暖潜势(GWP)、酸化潜势(AP)、富营养化潜势(EP)以及水资源消耗(WU) 5种环境指标的影响,并探究2种主要输入因子(饲料和电力供应)和养殖过程对各环境指标的影响,从而评价2种养殖模式对环境影响的差异。生命周期评价结果标准化处理和加权评估显示,稻渔综合种养模式的WU、EP、GWP、AP和EU值分别为11.650、0.770、0.141、0.096和0.003,总环境影响指数(TEII)为12.660;池塘养殖模式的WU、EP、GWP、AP和EU值分别为31.453、1.187、0.210、0.174和0.007,TEII为33.031。与稻渔综合种养模式相比,池塘养殖模式的各项环境指标均较高。对环境影响的贡献率分析表明,饲料供应对EU、GWP和AP的贡献率最高,EP主要受饲料供应和养殖过程的共同影响,而WU主要集中在养殖过程中,电力供应主要影响EU、GWP和AP。生命周期评价的结果表明,与池塘养殖模式相比,稻渔综合种养模式显示出更友好的环境效益,在我国...  相似文献   

伊乐藻对黄颡鱼池塘养殖水体净化效果的试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王明华  沈全华  唐晟凯  秦钦  蔡永祥 《水生态学杂志》2009,30(4):48-51

研究了伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)池塘养殖水体的净化效果.结果显示,实验组(种植伊乐藻)与对照组相比,水体中总氮、总磷、化学耗氧量、叶绿素含量明显降低,水体透明度增加,黄颡鱼单产、成活率和成鱼规格分别提高17.21%、5.38%、14.27%.可见在保证产量的前提下,伊乐藻对黄颡鱼池塘养殖水体的净化有良好的效果.  相似文献   

池塘集约化养殖加州鲈的试验     

汪留全  赵从钩 《安徽农业科学》1998,26(2):183-184

在合肥地区,平均尾重３８ｇ的加州鲈鱼种,以每公顷放养１０１７０的密度,并投喂适口的活饵料,年底可育成平均尾重４２６ｇ的商品鱼,养殖成活率可达８２．６％,产量单产３５７９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。  相似文献   

Determination of critical limits of soil nutrients for use in optimizing fertilizer rates for fish ponds in red, lateritic soil zones   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Abira Banerjee  G.N. Chattopadhyay  C.E. Boyd   《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,40(3):144-148

Mesocosms containing lateritic soil from West Bengal, India and de-ionized water were treated with different amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers. Concentrations of available N, P, and K in soils and gross primary productivity were measured for the mesocosms. Critical concentrations of the three nutrients were estimated by the graphical method of Cate and Nelson that has been used widely for establishing critical soil nutrient concentrations in fertilization research on terrestrial crop plants. Critical concentrations of the three nutrients were: available N, 200 mg kg⁻¹; available P, 13 mg kg⁻¹; available K, 80 mg kg⁻¹. Ponds sited in red, lateritic soil in West Bengal were treated monthly with 20, 15, and 3 kg ha⁻¹ application⁻¹ of N, P, and K, respectively. There was an increase in gross primary productivity when the critical concentrations of available N, P, and K established in the mesocosm study were attained in the pond soils. Fish production in fertilized ponds is positively correlated with gross primary productivity. Thus, the concept of critical nutrient concentrations in soils could be a valuable tool in pond fertilization research.  相似文献   

鼠尾藻池塘栽培生态观察          下载免费PDF全文

胡凡光  王志刚  李美真  徐智广  王翔宇 《渔业科学进展》2013,34(6):124-132

2009年3月～2010年7月对鼠尾藻池塘栽培生长情况进行了研究分析。试验根据池塘水环境因子（水温、光照强度、盐度和pH）及鼠尾藻的生长特性,设置了自然苗、人工苗、帘子苗生长对比试验,不同水层、不同流速栽培试验及不同光照强度对鼠尾藻生长影响的试验。结果表明,1）相同试验条件下,自然苗生长最好,帘子苗其次,人工苗生长最慢;2）不同水层栽培结果显示,40～60cm水层鼠尾藻生长最好,其次是O～20cm水层,再次80～100cm水层,150～200cm水层生长最慢,并且于5月中旬即开始衰退脱落;3）流速1m/s条件下鼠尾藻生长最快,随着流速的逐渐降低,鼠尾藻生长也逐渐变慢;4）光照强度为4000～6000lX时鼠尾藻生长良好,高于10000lX或低于3000lX则鼠尾藻生长相对较缓慢。观察发现,池塘水温在12～18℃时鼠尾藻生长最快,在9～12℃和18～24℃时生长较缓慢,24℃以上停止生长并出现腐烂脱落现象。  相似文献   

长江大鳍鱯的人工繁殖   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨德国  周剑光  吴国犀  王志玲  刘乐和 《中国水产科学》1998,(2)

本文对长江大鳍亲鱼的池塘培育和人工繁殖技术进行了研究。１９９２年～１９９４年期间,采用池塘混养技术,将长江野生大鳍引入池塘进行驯化和培育,连续２年获得成熟亲鱼并进行人工繁殖。在池塘环境中,大鳍雌亲鱼成熟率分别为８１８％和７０６％,雄亲鱼分别为１００％和９３５％。采用多种催产药物混合注射的催产方法,可以得到较好的催产率。大鳍人工繁殖适宜的催产剂量是雌鱼每ｇ体重注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ０３～０５μｇ、ＤＯＭ００３～００５ｍｇ和ＨＣＧ５～１０ＩＵ,雄鱼减半或同量。水温２４～２６℃时,催产效应时间为１２～１３ｈ。受精卵在水温２７～２９℃时需５３～５５ｈ孵化出膜。大鳍人工繁殖受精率不高与其雄鱼精巢特殊的组织结构有关。  相似文献   

农业生态系统文化服务的支付意愿与受偿意愿的差异性分析--以上海池塘养殖为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范晓赟  杨正勇  唐克勇  杨怀宇 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(11):1546-1553

池塘养殖已在我国存在千年之久,不仅提供着食物供给,同样为人类提供着文化服务价值。近年来农业服务业的发展大大加深了其文化价值。条件估值法(CVM)作为评价非市场价值方法之一,目前已被广泛应用。随着CVM的发展,对该方法的有效性和稳定性仍有争议。其中讨论的热点之一为策略性偏差,即受偿意愿和支付意愿评估环境物品或服务价值的不对称。已有的支付意愿(WTP)和受偿意愿(WTA)研究中,基于农业生态系统文化价值研究甚少。本文以池塘养殖文化服务价值评估为切入点,以上海青浦、嘉定和奉贤地区养殖池塘为研究对象,并应用Tobit模型及多元Logit模型对其WTA及WTP差别进行探讨。研究表明:(1)WTP受到受访者收入、受教育程度、对池塘游憩活动爱好程度及周边环境满意程度的正向影响,而WTA同样受到收入的影响,其池塘周边环境满意程度影响与WTA呈现反向关系;(2)导致WTA/WTP不对称的主要因素为收入、户籍、年龄和受访者对池塘游憩活动的爱好程度,其WTA/WTP均值之比为5;(3)收入效应、替代效应、持有效应、前景效应和产权问题是影响WTA/WTP不对称的理论依据;(4)在实际调查过程中,由于受访者对WTA的理解存在偏差,其回答值往往高于真实值,所以本文选用WTP作为主要评估方式,得出青浦、嘉定和奉贤区域池塘养殖生态系统文化服务价值分别为17 716.11万元、24 104.00万元和17 752.14万元。在推动上海新农村建设的过程中,职能部门需重新认识此类系统服务价值,做到充分保护和持续利用池塘,提高农民收入。  相似文献   

计数模型在池塘养殖游憩服务价值评估中的应用     

范晓赟  杨正勇  唐克勇  张新铮  杨怀宇 《中国生态农业学报》2014,22(1):120-126

随着社会经济的快速发展,休闲渔业正在逐渐成为渔业产业经济发展的新方向。近十年来,上海地区加大了对休闲渔业的投入,使得该地区池塘养殖系统更加具有游憩服务价值。目前对池塘养殖游憩资源价值的研究相对较少,对相应的评估方法及其在池塘养殖游憩价值评估中的适用性也需进一步探讨。由于对评估方法研究的滞后,池塘养殖系统中的游憩服务价值往往得不到科学揭示。基于对青浦、嘉定、奉贤3区的实证调查结果,本文以上海市为例,使用计数模型的个人旅游成本法估算这3个地区的池塘养殖游憩价值,进而将泊松模型和负二项模型进行对比研究,并将本文得到的青浦地区池塘养殖游憩价值结果与前期研究成果进行比较,探讨两种模型在池塘养殖评价中的有效性及个人旅游成本(ITCM)与区域旅游成本(ZTCM)两种方法在此类评估中的稳定性。研究发现:①不同模型对池塘养殖游憩价值的评估结果存在差异,总体来看负二项模型优于泊松模型。②个人旅游成本法与区域旅游成本法估计结果比值为4.98︰1,分别以两种方法估算值作为养殖池塘系统游憩价值的上限值和下限值比较合适。③基于计数模型的个人旅行成本法评估青浦、嘉定和奉贤地区的池塘养殖游憩服务价值分别约为20 863.34元·hm 2·a 1、57 997.03元·hm 2·a 1和522.73元·hm 2·a 1。建议有关各方重新认识池塘养殖休憩价值,继续加大休闲渔业支持力度,保护该地区的池塘养殖生态系统,以促进旅游及池塘养殖产业的可持续发展,提高渔民收入水平。  相似文献