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71.
72.
Our 1988 paper, describing the effects of cultivation on microbial biomass and activity in different aggregate size classes, brought together the ‘aggregate hierarchy theory’ and the ‘microbial biomass concept’. This enabled us to identify the relationships between microbial and microhabitat (aggregate) properties and organic matter distribution and explain some of their responses to disturbance. By combining biochemical and direct microscopy based quantification of microbial abundance with enzyme activities and process measurements, this study provided evidence for the role of microbial biomass (especially fungi) in macroaggregate dynamics and carbon and nutrient flush following cultivation. In the last ten years environmental genomic techniques have provided much new knowledge on bacterial composition in aggregate size fractions yet detailed information about other microbial groups (e.g. fungi, archaea and protozoa) is lacking.We now know that soil aggregates are dynamic entities – constantly changing with regard to their biological, chemical and physical properties and, in particular, their influences on plant nutrition and health. As a consequence, elucidation of the many mechanisms regulating soil C and nutrient dynamics demands a better understanding of the role of specific members of microbial communities and their metabolic capabilities as well as their location within the soil matrix (e.g. aggregates, pore spaces) and their reciprocal relationship with plant roots. In addition, the impacts of environment and soil type needs to be quantified at the microscale using, wherever possible, non-destructive ‘in situ’ techniques to predict and quantify the impacts of anthropogenic activities on soil microbial diversity and ecosystem level functions. 相似文献
73.
WANG Meng-zhu LIU Yan-feng WANG Wen-qi NIE Cun-xi TANG Shu-zhen ZHANG Wen-ju 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2345-2351
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of alfalfa flavonoids (Medicago sativa) on growth performance and serum indexes of sheep.This experiment was performed with hybrid F1 sheep of Suffolk sheep×Small-tailed Han sheep.Twenty-eight sheep with the body weight of (27.02±3.03) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 7 replicates in each group and 1 sheep per replicate.Sheep in different groups were fed diets with 0 (group Ⅰ), 0.1% (group Ⅱ), 0.2%(group Ⅲ) and 0.4% (group Ⅳ) alfalfa flavonoids, respectively.The experiment was cosisted of 7-day-preliminary trial and 41-day-formal trial.The results showed as follows:① Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had no significant effects on growth performance of sheep(P>0.05).② Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had significant effects on the contents of GLB, ASP, BUN, HDL and P in serum (P<0.05).Serum GLB content at the 1st day in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in groupsⅠand Ⅱ(P<0.05), serum ASP contents at the 1st and 21th days in group Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum BUN content at the 1st day in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum HDL content at the 21th day in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), serum P content in group Ⅳ at the 21th day was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids might modulate lipid metabolism, improve nitrogen utilization, maintain energy metabolic and balance Ca and P contents, and have the potential function for promoting growth and no adverse effect on liver.The results suggested that the appropriate supplemental level of alfalfa flavonoids for sheep was 0.2%. 相似文献
74.
为了获得小叶九里香枝干中抑制炭疽病菌的活性成分,在活性追踪指导下,利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及半制备液相色谱等方法对小叶九里香枝干进行了研究。经追踪分离鉴定到1个活性化合物XY-01,利用质谱、核磁共振谱鉴定化合物为九里香甲碱(Koenidine),该化合物可有效抑制香蕉炭疽病菌和芒果炭疽病菌的生长,EC50值分别为34.28和45.88μg/mL,表明九里香甲碱抑菌活性较好、结构简单,具有开发为新型植物源杀菌剂的潜在价值,九里香甲碱系首次从小叶九里香中分离得到。 相似文献
75.
试验旨在获取生物抑霉的优良菌株以及为质量安全青贮饲料生产提供高效菌剂。从青贮饲料、酸奶以及奶豆腐中分离纯化出乳酸菌和霉菌,并且通过双层平板法对具有抑制霉菌活性的乳酸菌菌株进行筛选,测定其上清液抑霉效果;采用蛋白酶处理和高温处理法分析乳酸菌抑霉的有效成分。结果表明:分离筛选的乳酸菌和霉菌经鉴定为植物乳杆菌和黄曲霉菌,且植物乳杆菌对黄曲霉菌的生长有明显抑制作用。蛋白酶处理对乳酸菌无细胞上清液的抑菌活性有不同影响,而加热处理并不改变其抑菌效果。研究表明,植物乳杆菌对黄曲霉菌生长有明显的抑制作用,推测其抑菌活性物质为蛋白质、肽类等,并且这些抑菌活性物质的热稳定性较高。 相似文献
76.
77.
研究一种国外野生沉香乙醚提取物的生物活性并分析其化学成分,为国外野生沉香的进一步研究和开发利用 提供一定的基础。采用乙醚浸提法提取沉香,对提取物分别用 MTT 法、Ellman 法、pNPG 法和贝曼漏斗法进行细胞毒、 乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和杀全齿复活线虫活性测试,利用 GC-MS 分析提取物化学成分。结果表明,该 提取物对 5 株人体肿瘤细胞、乙酰胆碱酯酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和全齿复活线虫均表现出一定的生物活性。GC-MS 检测鉴 定了其中的 26 个化合物,相对含量为 57.39%,包括 23 个倍半萜类成分,相对含量为 56.72%,1 个 2-(2-苯乙基)色酮 类成分,相对含量为 0.35%。本次对此种国外野生沉香的生物活性和化学成分研究,发现沉香乙醚提取物具有杀线虫 的活性,为更好地开发沉香的药用价值提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
78.
橄榄是中国传统的药用植物,其中多酚类物质是橄榄重要的功效成分之一。目前,橄榄多酚类物质研究较为 广泛,常用的提取方法包括温浸法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声与微波协同辅助提取法等,分离纯化 后采用液相色谱或液质联用技术鉴定多酚类物质的种类和成分,并对其抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、抗癌抑癌、解酒 护肝和提高机体免疫等方面的药理活性进行验证。此外,橄榄多酚类物质合成和代谢分子机理也已经被初步阐释。基 于上述研究报道,本文进一步对橄榄多酚类物质后续研究方向和产业化开发利用前景进行展望。 相似文献
79.
Wheat grain damaged by wheat bug (Eurygaster spp.) contains the bug salivary secretion which hydrolyses the gluten needed for the dough quality of breadmaking due to its proteolytic activity. Since the protease inhibitors are widespread throughout the plant kingdom, the possibility of using some plants, especially food and feed legumes to decrease the proteolytic activity of flours milled from bug damaged wheats was investigated. The proteolytic activity was considerably inhibited by pefabloc-SC and EDTA-Na2, suggesting that bug protease(s) included serine and metallo proteases. Extracts from cones of hops, seeds of grass pea, red kidney bean and sunflower caused reduction in the activity of bug protease(s). Effects of hop extract on electrophoretic, rheological properties of high protease activity flours milled from different bread wheat cultivars damaged by the bug were also studied. The dough development time and stability values of high protease activity flours increased considerably with hop extract at the lowest addition level (10:1, flour to hop extract ratio). The doughs supplemented with the hop extract had higher maximum resistance and lower extensibility values as compared to their controls. These results suggested that hop extract had improving effects on high protease activity flours due to the bug damage. 相似文献
80.
油菜籽中含有多种具有抗氧化活性的物质,为抵御机体的氧化损伤起到了积极作用。本文综述了油菜籽来源的诸多抗氧化活性成分及抗氧化活性的评价方法。油菜籽主要的抗氧化成分有肽类、多酚类、多糖类、生育酚和其它抗氧化成分,其中的肽类主要有三种产生方式:非消化酶酶解、消化酶酶解和发酵。针对油菜籽来源的活性物质抗氧化活性的评价方法,包括体外测定方法(化学检测)和细胞内抗氧化实验和动物实验。综述还探讨了油菜籽抗氧化活性成分研究中存在的问题和解决方法,旨在为油菜籽活性成分的开发和利用提供参考。 相似文献