抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法筛选青枯病生防细菌   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

郭坚华  王玉菊 《植物病理学报》1996,26(1):49-54

 本研究首先用平皿抑菌圈法筛选出55个拮抗青枯菌的细菌菌株,将番茄幼苗在各菌菌悬液中浸根12h后栽种于温室未灭菌的土壤中,结果发现,有22个菌株在幼苗根部的定殖能力较强(终定殖密度大于104 cfu/g根),其中革兰氏阴性土壤细菌占同类菌的86.3%,革兰氏阳性土壤细菌占同类菌的13.0%,10个无致病力产细菌素的青枯菌菌株在根部的终定殖密度均低于104 cfu/g根,其定殖能力弱于致病青枯菌。有17个拮抗菌菌株在番茄幼苗根部的定殖密度超过所有致病菌。温室生防结果证明,抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法对于筛选生防菌株是一种行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

荧光93菌体和代谢物对全蚀病菌和小麦生长影响的初步研究     

张中鸽  彭于发  黄大昉  陈彩层  张杰 《中国生物防治》1992,(3)

对荧光假单胞菌工程菌剂“荧光93”菌体和代谢物的作用特性进行了比较。结果表明:该菌剂能保护小麦根系免遭全蚀病危害,对植株生长有促进作用。菌体的抑菌能力强于代谢物,浸种处理防效分别为44.8％和27.8％;代谢物具有更强的刺激植株生长作用,在无病条件下,代谢物灌根处理鲜重增加34.5％,菌体处理鲜重增加7.5％。培养基成份对代谢物的作用有一定影响:以马铃薯葡萄糖培养产生的代谢物,抑菌效果好;营养肉汁酵母粉培养产生的代谢物,促生作用好。据此推断,荧光93菌剂代谢产物中含有抑制全蚀病菌和刺激植株生长的物质。  相似文献   

禾螟赤眼蜂的功能反应研究     

《中国生物防治》1992,(4)

在实验室条件下,以玉米禾螟卵和麦蛾卵为寄主,观察了禾螟赤眼蜂的功能反应。初步结果表明,在寄主卵密度为5,10,20,40粒的条件下,赤眼蜂对寄主的寄生率随卵的密度增加而增加,但密度由40粒增加到80粒时,寄生率的变化较为平缓。每只雌蜂寄生的卵粒数随着赤眼蜂密度的增加而减少。寄主密度的变化对赤眼蜂子一代的雌蜂比率无明显影响。  相似文献   

云南河口香蕉黄化束顶病研究:Ⅰ.症状与发病规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李夷波  王寿华 《植物病理学报》1995,25(2):143-147

 作者通过连续六年的田间定点调查与研究认为发生在云南河口及其邻近县市香蕉上的黄化束顶病不同于已往记载的BBTV所致的香蕉束顶病。病株新抽叶短小、窄、叶缘失绿黄化或整叶白化;假茎外表面紫红色;果穗从假茎中不能或部分抽出;根部着生根结。病株地上部发病高峰表现在植株进入快速生长而原根系已腐烂、新根尚未形成的春季,而夏末秋初为根结形成高峰。健株根围接种根结线虫后表现典型的黄化束顶症状。田间增施氮肥加重发病,香蕉宿根年限越长病情愈重。连作地、熟地、旱作地分别较轮作地、荒地以及低洼稻作地的发病率高。部分病株进入雨季或移植长期隔置的香蕉土壤中能恢复正常生长。病害的自然传播与土壤密切相关。  相似文献   

氟乐灵处理后棉苗对枯萎病菌的抗侵入及抗扩展特性     

宋凤鸣  郑重 《植物病理学报》1995,25(4):335-340

 以1μg/g土的氟乐灵播前土壤处理,棉花出苗后移栽到无氟乐灵的土壤中并接种棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium axysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)。结果表明氟乐灵处理明显降低了棉苗枯萎病的株发病率和病情指数,提高了棉苗对枯萎病的抗病性。氟乐灵处理组棉苗根部和茎部枯萎病菌侵染率均低于对照组,特别是上部茎片段中处理组侵染率降低更为明显。氟乐灵处理组棉苗根部和茎部的菌量明显降低,而且处理组茎部菌量的增长明显滞后于对照。以上结果表明,病菌对氟乐灵处理棉苗根部的侵入和病菌在棉苗体内的纵向扩展及增殖受到了阻抑,因而氟乐灵处理后棉苗对枯萎病菌的抗性表现了抗侵入和抗扩展的特性。试验还证明,氟乐灵处理并接种病菌的棉苗茎部组织中类萜烯醛的含量明显提高;并产生一种能抑制病菌大型分生孢子萌发的真菌毒性物质。这些抑菌物质的产生和积累可能与抗扩展特性有关。  相似文献   

小麦白粉病菌越夏,越冬和春季菌源毒性结构比较     

王锡锋  张忠山 《植物病理学报》1995,25(4):301-305

 分析了1992年和1993年不同时期采集的小麦白粉病菌越夏、越冬和春季菌源共238个菌株的生理小种、毒性基因结构和对9个推广品种的毒力频率。结果表明三种菌源在生理小种和毒性基因组成及出现频率是相似的,对9个推广品种的毒力频率均较高。这样在白粉病菌毒性和品种抗病性研究中,可以采集应用越夏和越冬菌株标样,避免了夏季高温季节保存菌株的工作;而且从毒性结构方面进一步证实白粉病菌主要以分生孢子在夏季侵染高海拔地区的自生麦苗而越夏,再逐渐扩展至秋播麦苗越冬后导致春季大田发病,病菌的子囊孢子在平原地区侵染循环上作用不大。  相似文献   

Effects of Temperature on Infection in Capsicum sp. and Nicotiana benthamiana by Impatiens Necrotic Spot Tospovirus     

P. Roggero  G. Dellavalle  M. Ciuffo  S. Pennazio 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(5):509-512

Infection by two isolates of impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV) under temperature regimes of 25/18°C (day/night) or 33°C (continuous) was studied in Capsicum annuum (systemically susceptible to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, TSWV), C. chinense PI 152225 and PI 159236 (reacting hypersensitively to TSWV) and Nicotiana benthamiana (systemically susceptible to both tospoviruses). At 25/18°C infection was systemic in all hosts tested. At 33°C infection in N. benthamiana was systemic whereas in C. annuum and C. chinense it was restricted to the inoculated leaves. The result differed from that reported for TSWV, where high temperature made plants more susceptible, or caused no difference. Exchanging temperature regimes 6h to 4 days after inoculation did not affect the final results one month later, with plants being only locally infected at 33°C continuous regime, or systemically infected at 25/18°C alternate regime. The two INSV isolates were biologically and serologically stable for 5 passages in N. benthamiana held continuously at 33°C.  相似文献   

Natural parasitism of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysoperla carnea</Emphasis> by hymenopterous parasitoids in cotton-growing areas of Çukurova,Turkey     

K.?KarutEmail author  C.?Kazak  A.?Arslan  E.??ekero?lu 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(1):90-93

A 4-year study of parasitoids attackingChrysoperla carnea (Stephens) in the cotton fields of Çukurova, Turkey, revealed the activities of three principal taxa:Telenomus sp. nr.suvae attacks the eggs ofC. carnea: Catolaccus sp. andBaryscapus sp. are larval and pupal parasitoids, respectively. In general, percent egg parasitism increased starting from the second half of June and into July, then decreased until the beginning of August before rising again at the end of growing season. During the early season, weekly parasitism was found to be as high as 94%. Overall, seasonal egg parasitism varied between 13.6% and 62.0% among all study sites. According to the results of a one-year field study at Hac?ali, total larval and pupal parasitism was found to be 12.5% and 55.6%, respectively. Therefore, different factors influencing the effectiveness of the generalist predatorC. carnea against cotton pests, and the differential effects of cotton treatments on both host and parasitoids, need to be evaluated.  相似文献   

A new<Emphasis Type="Italic">Praon</Emphasis> species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Uroleucon</Emphasis> parasitoid complex from the mediterranean area     

?eljko?Tomanovi?  Nickolas?G.?KavallieratosEmail author  Christos?G.?Athanassiou  Olivera?Petrovi? 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(1):19-26

A new hymenopteran aphid parasitoid species (Praon uroleucon sp. n.) fromUroleucon sp. infestingCarduus acanthoides L. is described from Yugoslavia. It is diagnosed and illustrated with scanning electron microscope photographs and line drawings. The new species is placed in thePraon dorsale species group, and a key to species of that group is provided. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 9, 2002.  相似文献   

Need for flagella for complete virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: genetic analysis with flagella-defective mutants ?fliC and ?fliD in host tobacco plants     

Yuki Ichinose  Rena Shimizu  Yoko Ikeda  Fumiko Taguchi  Mizuri Marutani  Takafumi Mukaihara  Yoshishige Inagaki  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(4):244-249

The flagellins purified from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost tomato cells. To investigate the role of flagella and flagellin in the compatible interaction, we generated two types of flagella-defective mutant. The fliC mutant lost the fliC gene that encodes flagellin protein, whereas the fliD mutant lost the fliD gene that encodes HAP2-capping protein. The two mutants had markedly reduced ability to cause disease symptoms in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, propagation of the mutants in tobacco leaves was less than that in wild-type pv. tabaci. Compared to the inoculation with wild-type pv. tabaci, inoculation with the two mutants did not markedly induce the expression of typical defense response-related genes such as PAL and hsr203J. Complementation of each fliC and fliD gene to the corresponding deficient mutant restored motility and virulence. These results indicate that flagella of P. syringae pv. tabaci are indispensable organelles for complete virulence on host tobacco plants.  相似文献