Using mixed methods to investigate factors influencing reporting of livestock diseases: A case study among smallholders in Bolivia     

Georgina Limon  Elisa G. Lewis  Yu-Mei Chang  Hugo Ruiz  Maria Elba Balanza  Javier Guitian 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Livestock disease surveillance is particularly challenging in resource-scarce settings, where disease events are often unreported. Surveillance performance is determined as much by the quantifiable biological attributes of the disease, as it is by motivations and barriers perceived by livestock keepers for disease reporting. Mixed methods designs, which integrate the collection, analysis and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data in a single study, are increasingly used across different disciplines. These designs allow for a deeper exploration of the topic under investigation, than can be achieved by either approach alone.  相似文献   

Elemental analysis of otoliths of Japanese anchovy: trial to discriminate between Seto Inland Sea and Pacific stock     

Hiromu Zenitani  Ryo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(1):1-8

The ability to discriminate local stocks of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus was assessed based on data from four elements (K, Na, P, and Sr) using an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and data from three elements (Ba, Mn, and Sr) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) from the otoliths of 40 anchovy (23.6–47.0 mm body length). Anchovy were caught at three sites (Aki-nada, Hiuchi-nada, and Osaka Bay) in the Seto Inland Sea, and one site (Kuroshio extension) in the Pacific Ocean in 2002. In order to discriminate different spawning grounds, EPMA data from the core portion (from core to 30 μm in the core-posterior axis) were used. Results showed that it was difficult to discriminate between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific anchovy by EPMA data. Conversely, it was possible to discriminate between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific anchovy by ICP-MS data from bulk otoliths. Our results showed that Mn contents of otoliths using ICP-MS discriminate between spawning grounds most, and Ba and Sr discriminate less. The difference in elemental compositions in anchovy otoliths between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific Ocean might be reflected by cumulative experienced elemental composition of ambient sea water during life history between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific anchovy.  相似文献   

Discrimination of the natal origin of young-of-the-year Allis shad (Alosa alosa) in the Garonne–Dordogne basin (south-west France) using otolith chemistry     

J. Tomás  S. Augagneur  E. Rochard 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2005,14(2):185-190

Abstract –  The otolith composition of age 0+ Allis shad ( Alosa alosa ) captured in two rivers in the Gironde system in south-west France, the Dordogne and the Garonne, was analysed to establish the natal origin of the fish. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses were used to take measurements of 15 isotopes, among which Co, Fe, Sr and Rb were the most important elements in the discrimination process. It was possible to reclassify each sampled fish into its natal river basin (Garonne or Dordogne) with a high degree of accuracy. Linear discriminant analysis correctly reclassified 91.1% of the Garonne samples and 87.8% of the Dordogne samples (mean success in reclassification in 20 runs ± 1 SD: 89.21 ± 8.6%). Artificial neural networks correctly reclassified 90.1% of the Garonne samples and 81.2% of the Dordogne samples (mean success in reclassification after 1000 training cycles ±1 SD: 85.6 ± 9.1%). Using these tools the present results show that it is possible to assign a natal origin to juvenile shad that hatched in the Dordogne–Garonne basin based on the trace elements in the otolith.  相似文献   

定性PCR方法检测转基因玉米MON810转化事件的研究     

易小平  贺萍萍  夏启玉  肖苏生  谢翔  杨小亮  李美英  郭安平 《热带作物学报》2014,35(12):2384-2390

转基因玉米MON810(Yield Gard R)是孟山都公司通过DNA重组技术和微注射轰击研发的一种具有对欧洲玉米螟(ECB;Ostrinia nublialis)有特殊抗性的转基因玉米品系,目前在世界各地已经得到广泛种植,为加强对该品系玉米的安全管理,本研究旨在建立MON810品系玉米的转化事件特异性定性PCR检测方法。根据MON810的插入序列信息,在3′端的侧翼序列处设计定性PCR检测的引物,检测MON810在其他几种常见转基因作物混合样品的特异性。结果表明,该方法具有很好的特异性。同时检测该引物系统的扩增灵敏度,结果表明,检测引物的灵敏度可达0.1%。建立的MON810特异定性PCR检测方法经全国7家实验室的验证,进一步证实该方法能够特异地检测出样品中的MON810转化事件,检测方法的灵敏度可达0.1%,且检测结果具有良好的可重复性和可重现性。MON810转化事件定性PCR检测方法的建立可满足于抗虫转基因玉米MON810及其衍生品种生物安全管理的需要。  相似文献   

Can acoustic shadows identify fish species? A novel application of imaging sonar data     

M. C. LANGKAU  H. BALK  M. B. SCHMIDT  J. BORCHERDING 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2012,19(4):313-322

  相似文献   

多元判别在淡水鱼类生态对策判别中的应用     

杨严鸥 《湖北农学院学报》1999,19(3):236-240

分析生态对策从典型的ｋ－选择类型到典型的ｒ－选择类型的６类共２８种淡水鱼类，用逐步判别法对这些鱼类的７项生态参数变量（渐近体长Ｌ∞，渐近体重ｍ∞，生长系数Ｋ，初次性成熟年龄ｔｍ，最大性成熟年龄ｔｍａｘ，瞬时自然死亡率Ｍ，种群繁殖力系数Ｆｐ）进行挑选。结果表明，在判别鱼类的生态对策类型时，除变量Ｆｐ外，其余６项变量作用显著。根据上述２８种鱼类的６项入选变量，用Ｂａｙｅｓ判别法建立生态对策判别函数估计式，并判定南方大口鲶（长江上游）、翘嘴红鱼白（长江下游）、鲥鱼（长江下游）的生态对策类型分别为“偏向ｋ－选择类型”、“偏向ｒ－选择类型”、“属于ｒ－选择类型”。  相似文献   

一种特殊情况的焦点量计算问题     

迟晓恒  万维明 《东北林业大学学报》1993,21(6):108-113

为了讨论微分方程系统是否存在极限环，常常归结为讨论系统的细焦点等问题。用极坐标方法，讨论一类特殊系统的焦点量。化简了二阶及三阶焦点量公式：ｒ５（２π）＝∫０＾２π Ｒ５ｄθ；ｒ７（２π）＝∫０＾２πＲ７ｄθ＋２∫０＾２πＲ５ｒ３ｄθ；并且具体计算出这类系统的二阶焦点量。此类系统的二次项中有两个可变参数ｆｙ＾２（０，０），ｇｘ＾２（０，０）可供调解。  相似文献   

Associations between grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination in cowpea     

E. C. K. Ngugi  R. B. Austin  N. W. Galwey  M. A. Hall 《European Journal of Agronomy》1996,5(1-2)

Twenty cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes, comprising Kenyan cultivars and Kenyan and introduced breedings lines, were grown in 15 replicated field trials carried out at three locations in semi-arid eastern Kenya over four seasons. Grain and straw yields and the carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of this material were determined, and days to flowering and maturity observed.None of the seasons in which the trials were conducted was appreciably drier than the long term average for the sites, and some trials received excessive rain. Averaging the data for the 15 trials, one genotype yielded much less grain (77 g m⁻²) than the 19 others, whose yield ranged from 125 to 177 g m⁻² (average 148 g m⁻²). Trial mean yield trials had a high straw Δ (r = +0.567) and had received more rain between flowering and maturity (r = +0.428) than lower yielding ones. Among genotypes, averaging over trials, the correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and grain Δ was +0.394, and between grain yield and straw Δ, +0.460. Early genotypes had the highest grain Δ and straw Δ. The correlation among genotypes between date of flowering and grain Δ was −0.632 and with straw Δ, −0.502. When comparisons were made among trials, there was no clear relationship between the strength of the correlations among genotypes between grain yield and straw Δ or grain Δ and the degree of stress experienced by a trial (as indicated by the rainfall it had received). It appeared that this was because the variances of grain Δ and straw Δ were greater in the most droughted trials, whereas the variance of yield was greatest in the least droughted trials.It is concluded that the genetic correlation between grain yield and either grain Δ or straw Δ is unlikely to be strong enough to make either Δ a useful surrogate or adjunct in selecting for high yield in the segregating generations of a breeding programme for semi-arid eastern Kenya, but that Δ may be of value in the selection of parent genotypes.  相似文献   

Inheritance and relationships of important agronomic traits in almond   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Raquel Sánchez-Pérez  Encarnación Ortega  Henri Duval  Pedro Martínez-Gómez  Federico Dicenta 《Euphytica》2007,155(3):381-391

The inheritance of 16 important agronomic traits and its relationship were studied for four years in a population of 167 almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] seedlings obtained from a cross between the French selection ‘R1000’ (‘Tardy Nonpareil’ × ‘Tuono’) and the Spanish cultivar ‘Desmayo Largueta’. For some traits (blooming and leafing date) descendants segregated between the value of both progenitors, meanwhile for others the mean of the offspring was lower (bloom density, productivity and ripening date) or higher (in-shell/kernel ratio and double kernels). As expected, kernel bitterness and self-incompatibility behaved as monogenic traits. Some important correlations between traits were detected. The implications of the transmission and the correlation of these traits in the breeding programmes are discussed.  相似文献   

Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Leaf Ash Content and Grain Yield in Bread and Durum Wheat Grown under Full-Irrigated Conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Monneveux  M. P. Reynolds  R. Trethowan  J. Peña  F. Zapata 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(6):389-394

Integrative physiological criteria, such as carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and (mineral) ash content (m_a) have been found to be very useful, under drought conditions, to elucidate the association between yield gains and variation of photosynthesis‐related traits and orientate future breeding efforts. Information on this association is scarce under irrigated conditions. The relationships between Δ, m_a and yield were studied in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under optimal (drip) irrigation in the arid conditions of north‐west Mexico. Carbon isotope discrimination was analysed on leaves at booting stage and anthesis and on grain at maturity, whereas ash content was measured on the flag leaf at anthesis and maturity. At anthesis, there were differences between bread and durum wheat during grain filling for Δ, but not for m_a. No relationship was found between grain yield and Δ. Leaf ash content at anthesis and maturity showed a broad variability within each species and were associated with grain yield. These results suggest that ash content in leaves could be also used as predictive criteria for yield not only under drought, but also under irrigated conditions, particularly when evaporative demand is high.  相似文献