Stem Diameter Estimation from Aerial Photographs     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):369-376

Remote sensing techniques have proven successful for producing stem maps of forests in leaf-on condition from high-resolution imagery. This paper demonstrates how a mathematical model for the surface of a stem can be used to estimate the breast-height diameter of individual trees from aerial photographs to give information on basal area. The diameters are estimated by likelihood estimation from images of a forest in leaf-off condition where the stems and their shadows are visible. Applied to a homogeneous and monospecific oak ( Quercus robur L.) stand under standard silvicultural treatment in Denmark, the estimation was successful for 56 out of 60 trees. The root mean squared error on the diameter was 4.2 and 3.2 cm using three and five images, respectively. The key conclusion is that it is feasible to infer fairly accurate information about the diameters and three-dimensional positions of stems from aerial photographs.  相似文献   

Late Autumn Frost Resistance of Twelve North European Provenances of Quercus Species     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):390-399

Twelve north European oak provenances [11 Quercus robur L. and one Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl] were tested for late autumn frost hardiness using visual methods and measurements of relative conductivity. Tissue from buds and twigs from 2-yr-old seedlings was used. The test was carried out in November and December. Temperatures between ?20 and ?32°C were necessary to cause serious damage to tissue, even when tissues were tested only a few weeks after leaf fall. Visual methods proved to be fast and could be applied in practical test applications. Estimation of twig viability was found to be a more reliable variable than bud assessment, which appears to be sensitive and not necessarily related to plant mortality. Relative conductivity is a more labour-intensive method and requires some technical equipment, but it provided the most consistent statistical results. Strong correlation between the visual methods and relative conductivity was demonstrated. Provenances originating from locations close to the Atlantic ocean (The Netherlands, the UK, Denmark and Norway) tended to be less frost resistant than more continental provenances (from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Poland). Frost tolerance was correlated with budset, but not with growth of the provenances. The results confirm the existence of specific ecotypes and suggest a high potential for adaptation in Q. robur.  相似文献   

Carbon storage capacity of high altitude Quercus semecarpifolia,forests of Central Himalayan region     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(7):609-618

Abstract

Quercus semecarpifolia, Smith. (brown oak) forests dominate the high altitudes of central Himalaya between 2400 and 2750 m and the timber line areas. The species is viviparous with short seed viability and coincides its germination with monsoon rains in July–August. These forests have large reserves of carbon in their biomass (above and below ground parts) and soil. We monitored the carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates of this oak on two sites subjected to varying level of disturbance between 2004 and 2009. These forests had carbon ranging between 210.26 and 258.02 t ha^?1 in their biomass in 2009 and mean carbon sequestration rates between 3.7 and 4.8 t ha^?1 yr^?1. The litter production in both the sites ranged from 5.63 to 7.25 t ha^?1 yr^?1. The leaf litter decomposition of species took more than 720 days for approximately 90% decomposition. Even at 1 m soil depth soil organic carbon was close to 1.0%.  相似文献   

Integrated Stand Growth Model of Mongolian Oak and Its Application     

Hong Lingxia  Lei Xiangdong  Li Yongci 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2012,(3):65-66

This paper established an integrated stand growth model of Mongolian oak(ISGM_oak) using the data from 61 permanent sample plots measured in 1997 and 2007.ISGM_ oak is a group of nonlinear simultaneous equations.The method of nonlinear error-in-variable simultaneous equations is used to estimate the parameters of ISGMoak with the statistical software Forstat 2.0,so the parameter estimation of the group of correlated equations in ISGMoak is unbiased and the equations are compatible.Model validation using bootstrap method showed that both the average relative error and square error are less than 15 percent.The ISGM_ oak model can be used to simulate the stand growth with different values of site index,stand density and to draw stand density management diagram for decision-making.  相似文献   

蒙古栎林全林整体生长模型及其应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

洪玲霞  雷相东  李永慈 《林业科学研究》2012,25(2):201-206

利用汪清林业局1997年、2007年森林经理调查的61块蒙古栎林的固定样地数据建立了蒙古栎林全林整体模型。全林整体模型是一组非线性联立方程组,它由8个非线性模型组成。利用Forstat2.0软件中的"非线性误差变量联立方程组"方法求解模型参数,保证了模型的无偏性。"刀切法"检验结果表明各林分因子的平均相对误差和相对均方误差均在15%以下。应用全林整体模型可以进行不同初始条件林分的生长分析及制定不同立地条件的林分密度控制图,为蒙古栎林的经营提供参考。  相似文献   

Leaf litterfall concentrations and fluxes of elements in deciduous tree species     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):9-16

The influence of tree species and soil properties on leaf litterfall concentrations and fluxes of elements were studied in three mixed deciduous forest stands. Leaf litterfall fluxes of sixteen elements were measured during autumn defoliation in 100 to 150 yr old individuals of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cordata Mill, and Acer platanoides L. Compared to throughfall and precipitation, leaf litterfall dominated the flux of P, Ca, Mn, N and Mg (in decreasing order) to the soil below the tree canopies. For K and especially S and Na, however, the importance of leaf litterfall input to the total fluxes was small. Fluxes and especially concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, P and partly N were positively related to base saturation of the soil, while Mn was negatively related due to a higher mobilization rate and plant uptake of this element on acid soils. Litterfall fluxes for C. betulus were strongly positively influenced by base saturation and fluxes were usually higher than for F. sylvatica and Q. robur at the richest site. Quercus robur had often the lowest fluxes, especially of Ca and Mg. Tilia cordata had the highest leaf litter concentrations in twelve of the sixteen elements, and the highest fluxes particularly of N and K. Acer platanoides had the highest or among the highest concentrations and fluxes of Ca, Zn and Mn. The concentration of Al in C. betulus leaf litterfall, was about five times higher than in all other tree species at all sites.  相似文献   

油松-蒙古栎混交林生态效益的研究     

宋晓刚  王洪江 《内蒙古林业科技》2012,38(3):22-24

通过对油松—蒙古栎混交林和油松纯林的生长状况、生理指标和土壤因子、气象因子等进行测试和分析,得出油松—蒙古栎混交林比油松纯林具有更大的生长优势和生态效益之结论。混交林能有效地改善林地土壤水肥状况,提高林分相对湿度,降低温度,从而增强树木的光合能力,提高树木的生长量。  相似文献   

不同种源蒙古栎种子表型性状与淀粉含量的变异分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

厉月桥  李迎超  吴志庄 《林业科学研究》2013,26(4):528-532

The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg^-1 to 5.48 g·kg^-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances.  相似文献   

A Screening Trial of 28 Species Conducted on Non-Saline and Saline Soils in Dry Tropical Northeast Australia     

《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):1-13

Abstract

A trial to examine the suitabilities of 28 tree species for both non-saline and saline soils was carried out in a dry tropical area of northern Australia. The trial consisted of two experiments, Experiment 1 on a non-saline site and Experiment 2 on a saline site. In each experiment, trees of all the species were grown in a randomised complete block design with 6 blocks (replicates) and were measured for survival; height and diameter at breast height (DBH) at age 24 months. These parameters were found to differ significantly between species in both experiments. Of all species tested, Azadi-rachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. maculata, E. pellita, E. raveretiana, Khaya senegalensisand Paulowniafortue-niihad high survival and fast growth in height and DBH on the non-saline site while E. camaldulensis, E. drepanophylla, E. moluc-cartaand E. raveretianaperformed better on the saline site. Salinity greatly affected survival for some species and reduced tree growth in both height and DBH for most species tested. E. camaldulensisis suggested to be one of themost important species for land rehabilitationin theregion.  相似文献   

Ozone,Acid Deposition,and Mycorrhization Effects on Loblolly Pine and White Oak     

《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):31-58

Abstract

Above- and below-ground responses of juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) and white oak (Quercus albaL.) to tropospheric ozone (0.0, 0.06, and 0.12 μL L^-1 O₃), acid precipitation (pH 4.8, 4.2, and 3.6), and induced ectomycorrhizal colonization (Pisolithus tinctorius [Pers.] Coker & Couch vs. natural mycobiont), alone and in combination, were examined. After 30 weeks, the filtered air treatment (ozone 0.0) reduced foliar injury but also produced smaller stem diameters, lower total foliage and total shoot dry weights, decreased needle density, and shorter root systems in inoculated pine, growth responses not found in uninoculated pine. Height growth of inoculated oak was increased by the filtered air treatment while leaf density was reduced by 0.12 μL L^-1 O₃, results also not found in uninoculated oak. Ectomy-corrhizal colonization percentages in pine decreased with increasing O₃ concentration regardless of mycorrhizal treatment, and the filtered air treatment produced the highest infection percentages in inoculated oak as well. Rains of pH 4.2 stimulated height growth in inoculated pine while diameter decreased in inoculated oak but increased in uninoculat-ed oak with declining pH. Also, pH 4.2 rainfall increased root weight in inoculated oak while that of pH 4.8 reduced foliar injury but also shoot weight in oak regardless of mycorrhizal treatment. Generally, the my-corrhization response to increasing rainfall acidity was reduced colonization. Independent of the other treatments, inoculation produced a substantial increase in above- and below-ground growth of both pine and oak, and also increased foliage density but reduced specific root length in each species. Overall, these results indicate that the growth responses to O₃ and acid deposition of loblolly pine and white oak are strongly influenced by mycorrhization, but that the magnitude of these responses is exceeded by those to mycorrhization alone. However, the propensity revealed here for both O₃ and acid precipitation to suppress mycorrhizal colonization in these two species may indicate the potential for a gradual reduction in long-term forest productivity in the southeastern United States.  相似文献