Natural and synthetic vocalizations of brown rat pups,Rattus norvegicus,enhance attractiveness of bait boxes in laboratory and field experiments          下载免费PDF全文

Stephen Takács  Pawel Kowalski  Gerhard Gries 《Pest management science》2016,72(10):1873-1882

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Survey for zoonotic pathogens in Norway rat populations from Europe          下载免费PDF全文

René Ryll  Anne Mayer‐Scholl  Donata Hoffmann  Carina Spahr  Christian Imholt  Dewi Murni Alfa  Andreas Fröhlich  Dörte Lüschow  Reimar Johne  Bernhard Ehlers  Sandra Essbauer  Karsten Nöckler  Rainer G Ulrich 《Pest management science》2017,73(2):341-348

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Effect of dietary fish oil on fatty acid deposition and expression of cholesterol homeostasis controlling genes in the liver and plasma lipid profile: comparison of two animal models          下载免费PDF全文

T. Komprda  V. Rozíková  N. Zamazalová  O. Škultéty  M. Vícenová  M. Trčková  M. Faldyna 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1093-1102

The objective of the present study was to compare hepatic fatty acid deposition, plasma lipid level and expression of cholesterol homeostasis controlling genes in the liver of rats (Wistar Albino; n = 32) and pigs (Large White × Landrace; n = 32) randomly assigned into two groups of 16 animals each and fed 10 weeks the diet with either 2.5% of fish oil (F; source of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, EPA+DHA) or 2.5% of palm oil (P; high content of saturated fatty acids; control). F‐rats deposited in the liver three times less EPA, but 1.3 times more DHA than F‐pigs (p < 0.05). Dietary fish oil relative to palm oil increased PPARα and SREBP‐2 gene expression much strongly (p < 0.01) in the pig liver in comparison with the rat liver, but expression of Insig‐1 and Hmgcr genes in the liver of the F‐pigs relative to the expression of these genes in the liver of the P‐pigs was substantially lower (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively) as compared to rats. When plasma lipid concentration in the F‐animals was expressed as a ratio of the plasma concentration in the P‐counterparts, dietary fish oil decreased HDL cholesterol less (p < 0.01), but LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols more (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively) in rats than in pigs: more favourable effect of fish oil on rat plasma lipids in comparison with pigs can therefore be concluded. Concentration of total cholesterol and both its fractions in the rat plasma was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with hepatic DHA, but also with unsaturated myristic and palmitic acid respectively. It has been concluded that regarding the similarity of the plasma lipid levels to humans, porcine model can be considered superior; however, using this model, dietary fish oil at the tested amount (2.5%) was not able to improve plasma lipid markers in comparison with saturated palm oil.  相似文献   

三都县褐家鼠种群数量动态与繁殖规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周朝霞  艾祯仙  陆小欢  白明琼 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(7)

为了摸清褐家鼠种群数量发生动态及繁殖规律,采用每月定时、定点在住宅区调查,收集鼠类标本,分类鉴定,体外测量,记载性别、怀孕率、胎子数、睾丸下降率、繁殖指数等数据.通过对1990-2008年19年的系统监测结果进行分析,结果表明:三都县住宅区害鼠以褐家鼠为优势种,占总鼠数的50.34%;褐家鼠不同季节均有发生,6月为种群数量最高峰,平均捕获率为3.76%;全年均可繁殖,在4月和10月出现2个繁殖高峰期,平均怀孕率为39.47%和28.46%;种群性比(♀/♂)为0.83.多年平均怀孕率为19.45%,平均胎仔数6.38只,多年平均睾丸下降率39.35%;不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异;每年春季(3月)和秋季(8-9月)是住宅区灭鼠的关键时期.  相似文献   

息烽县褐家鼠种群繁殖特征变动规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

潘世昌  李梅  杨再学 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(7)

为摸清息烽县褐家鼠种群繁殖特征的变动规律,通过对息烽县1986-2008年23年系统监测资料统计分析,结果表明,共解剖褐家鼠标本2 672只,其中,雌鼠1 442只,雄鼠1 230只,全年均可繁殖,每年3-11月为主要繁殖期,3月-5月、10月出现2个繁殖高峰,12月至翌年1月出现繁殖低谷期.种群性比(♀/♂)为1.17,多年平均怀孕率为(31.17±11.68)%,平均胎仔数(6.59±0.27)只,平均繁殖指数1.01±0.39,雄鼠睾九平均下降率为(79.53±5.73)%.可为种群数量预测预报和防治提供科学依据.  相似文献   

A scheme for the placement of rodenticide baits for rat eradication on confinement livestock farms     

Endepols S  Klemann N  Pelz HJ  Ziebell KL 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,58(3-4):115-123

We investigated whether the allocation of rodenticide baiting points to specific structural elements would result in complete rat eradication on livestock farms, as opposed to assigning the baiting points only to places where there were obvious signs of rat activity. The goal was to establish an effective rodent-control program that is easy for untrained persons to conduct.

Rat-control strategies were examined on 25 farms in Velen (Muensterland), Germany, where an average of 20% of trapped rats were resistant for bromadiolone according to a blood-clotting response (BCR) test. All farms were investigated for signs of rat activity prior to and after the control measure. Differences in the percentage level of farmer compliance in setting up the baiting points as prescribed were analysed for each type of baiting point and in total, and were compared between the group of farms which achieved complete rat eradication and those which did not.

Farms achieving complete eradication had an average of 81% compliance with prescribed control plans, whereas a significantly lower compliance level of only 51% was recorded on farms that did not achieve eradication. A ≥75% level of implementation of the control plan always resulted in complete control success. The new method of bait-point allocation was incorporated into a self-explanatory computer program, which was verified to be effective during a rat-control campaign in the restricted area after an outbreak of classical swine fever near Soltau in northern Germany, in July 2001. This program, which is available on the Internet, enables the creation of individualised rat-control plans, including complete documentation of the control measure.  相似文献   

Field evaluation of capsaicin as a rodent aversion agent for poultry feed     

Jensen PG  Curtis PD  Dunn JA  Austic RE  Richmond ME 《Pest management science》2003,59(9):1007-1015

Developing additional techniques for reducing animal feed contamination by rodents and controlling rodent populations is critical to efforts aimed at reducing the occurrence of Salmonella spp infection on poultry farms. Capsaicin, a compound found in chili peppers of the genus Capsicum, produces a burning sensation in the mouth of mammals and is used effectively as an animal deterrent for some pest species. Applied to poultry feed, capsaicin may be effective as an aversive agent to deter rodent feeding and enhance acceptability of rodenticide baits. We tested capsaicin-treated poultry diets (2000 and 3000 Scoville Heat Units, SHU) in no-choice feeding trials at four active New York farms in the winter of 1997-1998. At all farms, consumption of the 2000 SHU diet by rodents (Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berk), and house mice, Mus musculus L) was significantly less than consumption of a control diet. Consumption of the 3000 SHU diet by rodents was significantly less than consumption of a control diet at three of the four farms. Overall, consumption of treated diets was 58-97% and 55-98% less than consumption of the control diet, for the 2000 and 3000 SHU diets, respectively. These reductions appeared to be related closely to the availability of alternative feed sources at these farms. Two-choice feeding trials involving a rodenticide bait (0.05 g kg(-1) brodifacoum) and the 3000 SHU diet demonstrated that Norway rats preferred the rodenticide to the capsaicin-treated poultry feed. Overall, rodenticide bait acceptance was high (95.6%) when offered simultaneously with capsaicin-treated poultry feed. Although poultry managers must utilize several techniques to manage rodent pests, the use of capsaicin-treated diets to reduce feed losses and increase rodenticide bait acceptance appears promising. Use of capsaicin-treated feed on poultry farms may substantially reduce feed contamination by rodents and ultimately the incidence of Salmonella infection in poultry.  相似文献   

Vitamin K requirement in Danish anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)     

Markussen MD  Heiberg AC  Nielsen R  Leirs H 《Pest management science》2003,59(8):913-920

Resistance to warfarin has been connected to an increase in dietary requirement for vitamin K in British strains of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berk). This study examines vitamin K requirement of Danish anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats using a vitamin K deficient feeding test. Wild bromadiolone-resistant rats sampled from different localities in Denmark and rats from bromadiolone-resistant and susceptible laboratory strains were fed on a vitamin K deficient diet over a maximum period of 15 days. Development of vitamin K deficiency, measured as reduced blood-clotting capacity, took place in 43% of the Danish resistant rats and was independent of sex, treatment with supplementary vitamin K3 and sampling locality. Development of deficiency was slower for resistant rats that were supplemented with vitamin K3 prior to the feeding test, suggesting storage of the vitamin K in a vitamin body pool. Intraperitoneal administration of vitamin K1 revealed that 80 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was sufficient to restore normal blood clotting activity in deficient rats, while 60 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was insufficient. We conclude that vitamin K requirement is moderately increased in Danish homozygous resistant rats whereas heterozygous resistant rats only have a minor increase in vitamin K requirement compared with susceptible rats. We found no indication of different resistance types being present in our test material since vitamin K requirement was not different between rats from separate sampling localities.  相似文献   

褐家鼠种群动态初步研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

杨再学  郭世平 《植物保护学报》1996,23(1):61-65

本文报道了1986—1993年贵州余庆县褐家鼠种群动态的研究结果。共解剖标本676只(雌353只,雄323只),对其雄鼠睾丸下降率,雌鼠怀孕率、胎仔数、繁殖指数的季节变化及年度差异和种群数量消长动态作了系统分析,研究期间平均怀孕率为22.03％,平均胎仔数为7.92只,繁殖指数为0.7321,每年1—3月和10—11月为两次妊娠高峰。确定了各年龄组的体重标准,研究了褐家鼠的肥满度。  相似文献   

黄毛鼠对第一代抗凝血灭鼠剂的抗药性监测          下载免费PDF全文

冯志勇  姚丹丹  黄立胜  陈玉托  邱俊荣 《植物保护学报》2007,34(4):420-424

为明确黄毛鼠的抗药性发生状况,采用无选择性摄食试验法测定广东省不同类型区黄毛鼠的抗药性。结果表明:在频繁使用第一代抗凝血灭鼠剂的地区,黄毛鼠已产生了抗药性种群,其中江门市新会区和佛山市高明区的抗性率分别为36.67%和16.67%;中等用量地区的黄毛鼠产生了一定的抗药性,但尚未产生抗药性种群,如湛江市黄毛鼠的抗性率达到3.33%;而在低用量地区,未发现抗性鼠,但害鼠对药物的耐受力显著增强。为此,针对上述类型区黄毛鼠的抗药性状况提出了相应的鼠害持续控制对策。  相似文献