褐家鼠的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨再学  郑元利  潘世昌  周朝霞  龙贵兴  周显明 《中国农学通报》2009,25(14):218-223

对1986～2008年贵州省余庆、息烽、大方、三都、关岭5个县捕获的3059只褐家鼠(雌鼠1573只,雄鼠1486只)体重统计表明,褐家鼠平均体重为108.30±49.00g,雌、雄鼠之间体重差异不显著。根据体重的频次分配特征,参照繁殖状况,将褐家鼠划分为5 个年龄组,制定了各年龄组的体重划分标准,幼年组(Ⅰ)：体重小于或等于60.0g;亚成年组(Ⅱ)：60.1～110.0g;成年Ⅰ组(Ⅲ)：110.1～160.0g;成年Ⅱ组(Ⅳ)：160.1～210.0g;老年组(Ⅴ)：210.0g以上。不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长,种群繁殖力不断增加,参与种群繁殖的主要群体为成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组和老年组,平均怀孕率为46.60%,平均胎仔数为7.00只,平均睾丸下降率为91.49%。种群年龄组成具有明显的季节变化特征,不同地区之间种群年龄组成变化基本一致。  相似文献   

Biocontrol of rats in an urban environment in Southeast Asia using Sarcocystis singaporensis     

Thomas Jkel  Prasartthong Promkerd  Rasmy Sitthirath  Pierre Guedant  Yuvaluk Khoprasert 《Pest management science》2019,75(8):2148-2157

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黄胸鼠肥满度变化的特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周朝霞  吴祥  李立平 《贵州农业科学》2007,35(2):69-70

采用K=100 W/L3作为肥满度指标,对贵州省三都县1997~1999年捕获的405只黄胸鼠肥满度进行分析研究,结果表明:黄胸鼠平均肥满度为3.31±0.75,两性间肥满度差异不显著,不同年龄组之间肥满度差异显著。肥满度的季节变化趋势为:夏季最高,其次为春季和冬季,秋季最低。不同月份之间肥满度存在一定差异,不同年度之间差异极显著。  相似文献   

褐家鼠对诱鼠剂1号和不同基饵的喜食性     

王宇 《黑龙江农业科学》2010,(8):104-105

为控制褐家鼠对配制毒饵所用的基饵及工具捕捉用诱饵进行了筛选,在实验室内用经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米、未处理的大米、鸡饲料、玉米和经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米、碎玉米、大碴子、未经处理的玉米分2组进行有选择性摄食试验。结果表明:第一组试验经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米摄食率最高达69%以上,其次为玉米和鸡饲料分别为9%和6.9%,大米最少,还未达到1%,表明诱鼠剂1号明显提高了褐家鼠对大米的适口性。第二组试验经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米和碎玉米最高分别达到45%和42%,其次是未处理的玉米为10%,经诱鼠剂1号处理的大碴子最少为0.18%,经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米比碎玉米略高,但未达到显著差异,二者作基饵效果都是较好的,但从成本角度考虑碎玉米可以替代大米作为配制毒饵的基料。  相似文献   

Genetic insights into population recovery following experimental perturbation in a fragmented landscape     

Rod Peakall  David Lindenmayer 《Biological conservation》2006,132(4):520-532

We investigated the mechanism of population recovery in the Australian bush rat, Rattus fuscipes, following experimental perturbation in a fragmented landscape. Our study involved genetic monitoring over 24 months following the removal of animals from seven sites by intense trapping. A total of 171 bush rats was removed and statistical analysis confirmed a significant knockdown. At one site, local extinction followed the perturbation, while population sizes at 24 months varied from 37% to 90% of the original population size at the remaining sites. The outcomes of genetic analysis at 11 microsatellite loci and mtDNA indicated that population recovery was achieved predominantly by residual animals: recovery populations were genetically more similar to their respective pre-treatment population than near neighbours; assignment tests detected few immigrants; there was no influx of new immigrant alleles and haplotypes. This finding is consistent with emerging evidence for restricted gene flow in bush rats. The local extinction observed at one site indicate that, under severe perturbation restricted dispersal limits opportunities for, and the rate of, population recovery. Thus, while the bush rat appears resilient to substantial population size perturbation, once a critical minimum population size threshold has been reached, this species may be susceptible to local extinction. We concluded that some widespread species currently predicted to be extinction-resilient may, in fact, be at risk if localized extinctions occur and dispersal limitations prevent recolonisation.  相似文献   

Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in Germany and future strategies to control Rattus norvegicus     

Hans-Joachim Pelz  Detlef Hnisch  Gerhard Lauenstein 《Pest management science》1995,43(1):61-67

Widespread anticoagulant resistance was discovered in populations of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in an area of roughly 8000 km² in north-west Germany. Resistance testing was performed by feeding tests and/or by measuring blood clotting response after intraperitoneal injection of a sublethal testing solution. A hierarchical resistance system was found with warfarin resistance at the base followed by bromadiolone/coumatetralyl resistance to difenacoum resistance at the top. Warfarin resistance was spread over the whole area with reduced incidence towards the edges. Difenacoum resistance represented the highest level found so far and was restricted to the inner zone of the resistance area where it occurred with a frequency of 6% of all individuals tested. Breeding experiments with bromadiolone-resistant rats showed that expression of the bromadiolone resistance gene differed in the two sexes, suggesting additional sex-linked modifying effects to the resistance gene. Control strategy within the resistance area with respect to prevention of further selection for resistance is discussed.  相似文献   

Introducing GIS-modelling into the management of a brown rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) (Mamm. Rodentia Muridae) population in an urban habitat     

Doris Traweger  Leopold Slotta-Bachmayr 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(1):17-24

The landscape of three test areas of an urban environment was efficiently assessed for its ability to support brown rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) by successfully integrating habitat suitability modelling using GIS (Geographical Information System). The GIS model, validated using an independent set of rat observations, and a model analysis showed the potential of different habitats for rat occurrence. Because of its use of general land-cover types, the model could be applied to other cities. This model system will be used for the entire city area of Salzburg in the near future. In this publication, we present the results of the pilot GIS model.  相似文献   

Efficacy of anticoagulant-free alternative bait products against house mice (Mus musculus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus)     

Erik SCHMOLZ 《Integrative zoology》2010,5(1):44-52

The attractiveness and efficacy of four anonymous anticoagulant-free alternative rodenticides (active ingredients cellulose or plaster) were tested on wild strain groups of house mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout) in laboratory choice and no-choice experiments. In no-choice tests, the rodenticide product was offered ad libitum to the animals for 21 days (mice) and 10 days (rats), respectively. In choice tests, the rodenticide product and non-poisoned food were offered for 28 days (mice) and 14 days (rats). Two products with cellulose (C1 and C2) as the active ingredient were tested against both mice and rats. In two no-choice tests with mice, all animals died within 14 days (C1) and 21 days (C2); in a third no-choice test, 11% (2/18) of mice survived (C1: 21 days). In all three tests, numerous incidents of cannibalism were observed. The attractiveness of cellulose baits was tested for one product (C1) in three trials against normal food pellets. In all trials, bait consumption was low and all mice survived (15–34 days). Two no-choice trials with cellulose baits (C1) were conducted on groups of Rattus norvegicus; 11 of 12 rats survived the bait feeding period and no cannibalism or sign of aggression between conspecifics was observed. Two plaster-based (CaSO₄·0.5H₂O) products (P1 and P2) were tested against both mice and rats; in no-choice tests, only one mouse (n= 20) and no rats (n= 8) were killed, although the baits proved to be attractive for rats and mice in choice tests. The results of these experiments suggest that neither cellulose-based nor plaster-based rodenticides are suitable agents for the control of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus.  相似文献   

社鼠褐色脂肪组织和器官总蛋白及线粒体蛋白的季节变化     

鲍毅新  徐丽珊  郑祥 《东北林业大学学报》2003,31(3):47-49

对社鼠(Rattus nivivenler confucianus)的褐色脂肪组织(BAT)、肝脏、心脏和后肢肌肉组织总蛋白和线粒体蛋白含量的季节性变化进行测定和分析。结果表明：BAT的平均鲜质量和相对质量从春季到冬季逐渐增加，各季节之间存在权显著差异；BAT组织总蛋白各季节无显著差异，线粒体蛋白以春季最高，夏季最低，各季节之间有显著差异；肝脏组织总蛋白和线粒体蛋白含量均呈冬春季高、夏季低的特点，各季节之间的差异分别达到权显著和显著水平；心脏组织总蛋白无季节性差异，线粒体蛋白的季节变化与BAT的线粒体蛋白相似；后肢肌肉组织总蛋白在各季节问无显著差异，线粒体蛋白表现为春秋季高、夏冬季低，有显著差异。社鼠的BAT、肝脏、心脏与产热有密切的关系，而后肢肌肉与产热的关系尚难以定论。栖于亚热带地区的社鼠常年生活在较为温暖的环境中，低温并不是影响社鼠生存的决定因子，因此BAT、肝脏、心脏和后肢肌肉的组织总蛋白、线粒体蛋白含量的季节变化较高寒地区鼠类更为温和。  相似文献   

6天龄与10天龄大鼠的睾丸组织的基因差异表达     

刘陶迪  罗奋华  于泊洋  吴应积 《广西农业生物科学》2012,31(1):40-44

通过基因芯片技术,利用Roche-NimbleGen公司制作的大鼠12×135K全基因组表达谱芯片,对日龄为6d和10d的大鼠睾丸组织进行全基因组表达差异分析。结果显示：具有2倍以上的差异表达基因有4298个,其中表达上调的基因共1878个,表达下调的基因共2420个。这些差异表达的基因中有3154个基因具有基因本体注释,参与了154个生物学通路。进一步分析表明具有8倍以上差异表达的基因有13个,这些基因参与了生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能等基因本体分类,进一步选择3个差异表达的基因,LOC686076、Cxcl6和Trib3,做了实时定量RT-PCR检测。其结果趋势与芯片数据一致。因此,我们初步认为精原干细胞的发生与增殖在大鼠早期的发育过程中已经有大量的基因参与,是一个多基因协调表达的过程。  相似文献