辽宁省2005年审定水稻品种米质情况分析及改良对策     

姜秀英  韩勇  刘军  王之旭  张悦  王丽 《北方水稻》2006,(6):7-9

以2005年辽宁省审定的32个水稻品种为材料,对辽宁省水稻品种品质近况进行了分析。在所有的材料中,6项指标全部达到国标一级标准的有3个,达标率为9.38%;达标率最高的是糙米率,其次是胶稠度、整精米率,最低的是直链淀粉含量。同时对辽宁省水稻品质改良中需要着重解决的几个问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

佳木斯市水稻稻瘟病发生原因与防治对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙胜伟  方继伟  崔冶  赵广山  王波  曹延忠 《北方水稻》2006,(4):43-44

阐述了佳木斯市2005年水稻稻瘟病发生情况。从气候多变、施肥过量、防治不积极、栽培管理不规范等方面,分析了稻瘟病的发病原因,并提出防治对策。  相似文献   

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome     

X.J. Fang * L.R. Jiang Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources  Sanya    China  Life College  Xiamen University  Xiamen  Fujian  China. 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):209-210

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.  相似文献   

Improving Drought Tolerance of Rice by Designed QTL Pyramiding   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem  we developed a new strategy ''''designed QTL pyramiding'''' to more efficiently develop drought tolerant 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):205-206

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem, we developed a new strategy ＇designed QTL pyramiding＇ to more efficiently develop drought tolerant （DT） rice cultivars. In the first phase of this strategy, we developed large numbers of introgression lines （ILs） in elite backgrounds using backcross （BC） breeding, each of which carries multiple genomic segments for improved DT from a known donor. Then, we genotyped all ILs with SSR markers to track the genomewide pattern of introgression in the DT ILs of 16 BC populations derived from crosses between 2 recipients （IR64 and Teqing） and four different donors. X^2 tests and linkage disequilibrium analyses of introgression in the DT ILs revealed significant frequency shifts at many loci across the genome and non-random associations at the multilocus level as a result of selection for DT in the ILs, which led us to the discovery of putative genetic networks underlying DT in the ILs. The networks each containing all DT loci detected in ILs from a BC population showed some interesting features.  相似文献   

OsI2基因的克隆及其植物表达载体的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘三雄  刘灶长  周立国  余舜武  刘鸿艳  朱天生  罗利军 《分子植物育种》2007,5(4):548-552

在旱稻IRAT109干旱胁迫下cDNA芯片分析结果的基础上,通过RT-PCR,5'-RACE及3'-RACE方法,从IRAT109总RNA中扩增得到了干旱胁迫下芯片表达谱中上升表达强度第二的基因全长序列,命名为OsI2,全长有523 bp,并对基因序列结构进行了分析.该基因与全长cDNA文库中的CT836140.1有99%同源.OsI2基因编码产物对应1个包含57个氨基酸的开放阅读框(ORF),为一功能未知蛋白.其编码产物也可能对应两个中间相隔19 bp的较小ORFs(43个氨基酸和42个氨基酸),都是功能未知的蛋白.在pBI121载体的基础上,将OsI2基因与CaMV35S连接成功构建了pBl121-OsI2植物表达载体,为进一步研究其功能创造了条件.  相似文献   

不同水稻品种间栽方式控制稻瘟病试验   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

冯雪松  何海永  江健  杨学辉  刘霞  詹金碧  黄发冰  袁洁 《贵州农业科学》2007,35(3):73-74

利用4个当地主栽杂交稻品种与1个优质感病糯稻品种配置4个组合进行混合间栽组合控制稻瘟病试验。结果表明,不同品种混合间栽对稻瘟病具有较好的防治效果,间栽区各品种的平均叶瘟和穗瘟发病率均比净栽区低,尤其对优质易感病糯稻品种,穗瘟相对防治效果达到46.90%~77.36%。混合间栽较之净栽区可在一定程度上增加各品种的单位面积产量,平均增产幅度可达675.0~921.3 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

温度影响下的稻纵卷叶螟实验种群动态的系统动力学模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦钟  章家恩  骆世明  张锦 《中国农业气象》2011,32(2):303-310

温度是影响稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee）发育、存活和繁殖的关键生态因子之一。研究温度与稻纵卷叶螟种群数量变动的关系,可为害虫种群的控制提供科学依据。本文根据稻纵卷叶螟在不同温度处理下（19.0℃,22.0℃,25.0℃,28.0℃,31.0℃）的实验种群生命表,利用系统动力学的相关理论和方法构建仿真模型,对稻纵卷叶螟实验种群的数量动态进行了模拟,在此基础上预测成虫的产卵量,并通过敏感性分析确定了成虫产卵的最适温度。结果显示,在初始卵量均为100标准粒的情况下,温度过高（〉25.0℃）不利于稻纵卷叶螟实验种群低龄幼虫的生存和发育,温度过低或过高均不利于实验种群后期的发育和繁殖;随着温度的上升,稻纵卷叶螟的存活率和生殖力迅速提高,温度为25.0℃时世代存活率、次代产卵量达到最高值,分别为19.67%和1488.4头;稻纵卷叶螟成虫的最高产卵量出现在24.9℃。研究表明了系统动力学模型在害虫种群发育动态及预测方面有着良好的应用潜力。  相似文献   

基于RAPD标记的福建省稻曲病菌遗传多样性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨秀娟  王舒婷  姚锦爱  杜宜新  陈福如 《农业生物技术学报》2011,19(6)

为了解福建省稻曲病菌群体的遗传多样性和遗传组成,应用随机扩增多态性RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA)技术分析了来自福建省不同水稻种植区的102个稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)的遗传多样性.从100条随机引物中筛选出10条扩增带清晰、重复性好的引物进行稻曲病菌多态性扩增,共扩增出157条带,多态性条带比率为82.17％,遗传距离变化范围为0.02～0.67.遗传多样性分析表明,福建省稻曲病菌具有丰富的遗传多样性,相对于其它地区而言,福建闽西地区分离的菌株遗传多样性水平最高PPB=76.43,H=0.2212,I=0.3383),晚稻分离的菌株群体遗传多样性(PPB=91.08,H=0.2402,I=0.3655)高于早稻群体(PPB=63.06,H=0.1892,I=0.2870).聚类分析显示,在遗传距离0.349水平上,供试的所有菌株可被划分成7个遗传聚类组(R1～R7),聚类组R1为优势聚类组,包含有80个菌株,其内又存有一些亚组.这些菌株的聚类与菌株的地理来源及水稻品种无明显相关性.但是在遗传距离0.330水平上,来自宁化的10个菌株可被明显划分成早稻群体和晚稻群体.初步分析认为菌株的地理来源、水稻品种及其生长季节是影响福建省稻曲病菌遗传多样性的主要因素,在稻曲病菌的遗传变异以及该病的发生和流行中可能起重要的作用.  相似文献   

不同氮磷水平对南四湖区稻谷产量及肥料吸收利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵庆雷  李彦  马加清  杨连群  杜本怀  孙公臣 《土壤通报》2011,(5)

为了确定南四湖区农田合理的氮磷肥投入量,减轻氮磷流失风险,对不同氮磷水平下稻田的稻谷产量及肥料吸收利用情况进行研究。结果表明,不施氮磷肥使耕层土壤氮磷含量明显下降,稻谷产量显著降低;减施30%氮磷肥显著提高了氮磷肥利用率,降低了稻谷产量。过量施用氮磷肥处理对稻谷产量无显著效果,且显著提高了耕层土壤硝态氮含量,明显降低了氮磷肥利用率,促进了水稻对氮素的积累,对水稻磷素积累无显著效果。稻谷氮磷累积量明显高于稻草,稻谷和稻草含氮量均随氮磷肥施用量的增加而增大。氮磷肥利用率随氮磷肥施用量的增加而降低。减施15%氮磷肥对土壤氮磷含量和稻谷产量均影响不大,显著提高了氮磷肥利用效率,降低了经济成本,减轻了氮磷素流失风险,是南四湖区稻田较好的氮磷肥施用模式。  相似文献   

福建省2009年气象条件对水稻生产的影响评价     

马治国  陈家金  徐宗焕  杨凯  林晶  李丽纯 《中国农业气象》2011,(Z1)

通过分析福建省2009年气温、降水和日照等气象因子,得出气温为显著偏高,降水量偏少,日照时数正常到偏多。分析了全年气候条件对早稻、中稻和晚稻等3类主要粮食作物生长发育期的影响,总体为农业气候资源条件良好,光温充足,虽然有农业气象灾害的影响,但是比较而言利大于弊,有利于作物的发育生长。水稻生长发育期间发生的主要农业气象灾害有低温、台风、暴雨、气象干旱等,这些气象灾害都对农业生产造成了直接或间接的影响,其中造成灾害损失严重的是台风和暴雨。本研究旨在为气象减灾和灾害评估提供参考。  相似文献