不同耕作方式对辽西褐土物理性状及玉米根系分布的影响     

李嵩  韩巍  张凯  依艳丽 《玉米科学》2020,28(6):101-106

通过连续3年大田试验,对旋耕、翻耕、深松3种耕作方式下的土壤物理性质、玉米根系分布和产量进行测定。结果表明,与翻耕和旋耕相比,深松显著增加了玉米田土壤耕层厚度和降低了犁底层厚度。在中下层土壤,深松还降低了土壤紧实度和容重,改善了土壤的孔隙状况,有利于玉米根系向下生长,使得中下层土壤的玉米根系不仅更丰富,而且占总根系量的比例也更高,最终提高了玉米产量。本研究表明,深松耕作有利于改善辽西褐土区土壤结构和促进玉米生长。  相似文献   

柠条生长季平茬对根系贮藏营养物质的影响     

温学飞 《中国农学通报》2020,36(5):53-59

为了研究不同月份平茬对柠条根系贮存常规性营养物质和可溶性性营养物质的影响。采用饲料监测方法测定常规营养物质,参考《植物生理学实验指导》和《植物生理生化实验原理和技术》方法测定可溶性营养物质。结果表明,随着平茬时间推迟,柠条根系蛋白质含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,淀粉与脂肪之间相互转化协调逆境变化维持生命或再生发挥作用;可溶性碳水化合物是柠条根系主要贮藏的营养物质,对柠条不同月份平茬逆境胁迫下反应比较敏感;可溶性糖类与可溶性淀粉的比例逐渐随着月份增加,有利于植株抗击冻害;萌动期、初霜期平茬对柠条根系营养物质影响较大。柠条生长季平茬建议在4—8月进行。  相似文献   

宁夏枸杞根系生长发育特征研究     

梁晓婕  段淋渊  安巍  戴国礼  何昕孺  李越鲲  王亚军 《西北农业学报》2020,30(4):622-629

研究根系生长发育特征对于正确开展枸杞的栽培及管理具有重要意义。采用CI-600根系监测系统,在宁夏青铜峡市金沙湾试验基地对枸杞主栽品种‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞5号’全年的根系形态特征变化进行动态监测。结果表明:在年周期内,枸杞根系根长有2次生长高峰期,分别在3月下旬-4月中下旬和7月下旬-8月下旬;而枸杞根系根直径仅有1次生长高峰期,在8月下旬-9月下旬。枸杞细根在生长发育过程中先进行增长生长,后进行增粗生长;且在相同时间内,枸杞垂直根系的生长速率大于水平根系的生长速率。‘宁杞1号’枸杞垂直根系主要分布在20～40cm的深度,水平根系主要分布在距树干0～14cm的范围;‘宁杞5号’枸杞垂直根系主要分布在40～60cm的深度,水平根系在距树干0～42cm的范围均匀分布,且在相同时间内较‘宁杞1号’的根系生长量更大,因此在相同生态环境条件及水肥管理措施下,同一树龄的‘宁杞5号’枸杞根系更发达。  相似文献   

不同育成年份冬小麦苗期根冠生物量分配     

郑爱泉  范学科  冯帆  秦晓梁 《西北农业学报》2020,30(6):851-859

为探讨品种更替过程中小麦苗期根冠生物量分配的演变趋势,以历年来黄淮海麦区大面积推广种植的22个冬小麦品种为研究对象,采用砂培的方法进行幼苗培养,分析小麦种子萌发后不同时间根、冠生长及生物量分配的变化规律。结果表明:冬小麦种子萌发后第3天幼苗根数在品种间无显著差异,第9天、第15天随着品种更替的进行呈现出显著下降的趋势,现代品种初生根数目显著低于早期品种。在第3天、第9天、第15天,小麦苗期幼苗生长随品种更替呈现不同的变化趋势,芽长显著下降,但根长无显著差异。可见,冬小麦苗期芽干质量在品种改良过程中未发生明显变化,而根干质量和根冠比呈现出显著下降的趋势,冬小麦苗期现代品种地上部分分配到更多的生物量。  相似文献   

不同有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例对马铃薯根系吸收能力和形态的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何万春  黄凯  令鹏  陈子雄  王景才  潘晓春  张娟宁  李鹏程 《作物杂志》2020,36(3):132-72

针对甘肃定西地区马铃薯生产长期大量施用化肥造成马铃薯产量降低、品质下降以及环境污染等问题,通过大田试验,研究了不同有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例处理对旱地覆膜马铃薯根系吸收能力和形态的影响。结果表明: 不同施用量有机肥氮替代化肥氮处理显著增加了马铃薯根系活力、活跃吸收面积和总吸收面积,且随着替代比例的增加逐渐增加,在有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例达到30%时达到最大值,而后降低;不同施用量有机肥氮替代化肥氮处理对马铃薯根系总根长、根体积、总根尖数和主根直径有显著影响,特别是增加了0~0.50、0.51~1.00和1.01~1.50mm直径范围内马铃薯根系的总根长;施用有机肥的处理显著增加了马铃薯块茎产量,与纯施化肥相比分别提高了11.32%、16.04%、23.53%和12.69%。综上所述,在定西地区,施氮量为纯氮180kg/hm²,氮、磷、钾配比为4:3:3（N:P₂O₅:K₂O）,有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例为30%是最佳施肥模式。  相似文献   

膜荚黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响     

陈叶  南静  苏彩娟  马银山  魏宁  景玉霞 《作物杂志》2020,36(2):188-303

通过室内生物测定法,研究了黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感影响。结果表明,黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长均有明显的化感作用,其中根受到的化感抑制大于地上部分,种子萌发阶段受到的化感抑制大于幼苗生长阶段。不同受体的发芽势、最长根长和根冠比受到的化感抑制最强。4种作物的化感敏感性为小麦>板蓝根>大麦>大豆。因此,选择与黄芪轮作、套作的作物时,优先选择大豆和大麦,其次为板蓝根。  相似文献   

根瘤内生细菌对大豆胞囊线虫及根腐病菌的影响     

王媛媛  段玉玺  陈立杰 《大豆科学》2007,26(2):213-217

为了明确大豆根瘤内生芽孢杆菌Snb2对大豆胞囊线虫的毒性和大豆根腐病菌的抑制作用,用菌悬液处理和对峙培养法分别测定了Snb2对两种病原微生物的作用效果.结果表明:Snb2的菌悬液能够明显抑制大豆胞囊线虫胞囊的孵化,相对抑制率达到94.9%;菌悬液处理J2 96 h时死亡率达到66.7%;Snb2菌株对4种大豆根系病原真菌表现不同程度的拮抗作用,对尖孢镰刀菌和茄腐镰刀菌的拮抗作用最明显,抑菌圈达到10 mm左右,抑制作用可持续10 d;经细菌悬浮液浸种测定,处理后的大豆子叶节到根尖的距离为9.1±4.54 cm,较对照增加了15.19%%,对幼苗生长有明显的促进作用;通过温室盆栽防效试验,进一步表明Snb2菌悬液进行种子浸种对大豆胞囊线虫病有明显的抑制作用,防治效果达到62.5%.  相似文献   

Sap flow in ‘Hass’ avocado trees on two clonal rootstocks in relation to xylem anatomy     

Claudia Fassio  Robert Heath  Mary Lu Arpaia  Monica Castro 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The rates of sap flow and xylem vessel features were studied in two-year-old nongrafted and grafted avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Daily sap flow rates were measured with heat and balance stem gauges in clonal Duke 7 (D7) and Toro Canyon (TC) trees and ‘Hass’ clonal scions grafted onto clonal D7 (H/D7) and TC (H/TC) rootstocks. Vessel features as size, number and total vessel area were determined histologically in the stem of the scion and rootstock and the roots of the grafted trees. Significant differences in the sap flow rate were found among the rootstocks, where D7 had a 29% higher sap flow rate than did TC (grafted and nongrafted trees). There were no differences among xylem vessel features in the stems of any of the varieties. However in the roots, D7 had wider and fewer vessels then TC do. Also, D7 had a 19% higher total vessel area than TC. These results suggest that the differences in water consumption of ‘Hass’ on different rootstocks may be associated with differences in the efficiency of the roots to absorb water across conductive tissue which may be linked to differences in the area of xylem vessels in the root.  相似文献   

甜瓜枯萎病接种方法比较试验初报   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王登明  张学军  冯炯鑫  王叶筠  伊鸿平 《中国瓜菜》2009,22(5):38-39

分别采用灌根法、米饭粒接种法、蘸根法及胚根接种法对甜瓜枯萎病进行接种试验,拟为甜瓜抗病育种提供依据。结果表明:米饭粒接种法发病率最高,达到99%;胚根接种法最低,为10%;灌根法发病率为66.7%;蘸根法发病率为91%,且操作简单、精确,最适合进行甜瓜枯萎病抗病鉴定研究。  相似文献   

Evaluation of surface water drainage systems for cropping in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia     

W.A. Welderufael  Y.E. Woyessa 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(11):1667-1672

In Ethiopia vertisols cover about 10% of the total land area and is the fourth most important soil used for crop production, accounting for nearly 23% of the total arable land used for crop production. More than half of the vertisols are found in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia, with an altitude of more than 1500 m above mean sea level. The unique physical and chemical properties of these soils and the high rainfall during the main cropping season create severe surface waterlogging problems which hinder crop production activities. Severe surface waterlogging affects the growth of plants by impeding nutrient uptake and creating oxygen deficiency around the root zone. To address this crop production problem, three surface water drainage methods, namely broad bed and furrow (BBF), ditch, and flat (traditional) methods were evaluated using the water balance of the plant root zone and wheat as a test crop. The experiment was conducted at the Ginchi Research Station in the central highlands of Ethiopia over two consecutive seasons (2000 and 2001). The results showed that both the BBF and the ditch drainage methods gave about 33% and 22% more grain yield than the flat treatment, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between BBF and ditch for both grain and biomass yield during both experimental seasons. During both seasons the total water balance (ΔW_r) at the root zone especially, in the months of June, July and August on all the treatments was higher than the crop water requirement (ETc) and showed no significant difference between the treatments. Thus, the results of this study indicated that the soil water in the root zone was not significantly altered by surface drainage systems and therefore implies the need of further improvement of the different surface drainage methods regarding improving the waterlogging condition and hence the productivity of the vertisols in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia.  相似文献