月季柱头形态发育进程与可授性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王其刚  张颢  蹇洪英  刘红明  晏慧君  唐开学 《西北农业学报》2012,21(5):169-173

为研究月季柱头的形态发育进程与可授性的相互关系,提高授粉效率。以切花月季为材料,显镜观察柱头在不同发育阶段的形态变化,田间定期授粉后荧光显微观察柱头花粉萌发情况,并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检验柱头可授性。结果表明,月季柱头发育阶段可分为4种形态时期,分别为柱头中间凹陷期、丫状期、柱头2裂片平展期、柱头乳突组织衰老期;最佳授粉时期为柱头2裂片平展180°左右时,持续时间24～60h;定期授粉观察以及联苯胺-过氧化氢检验发现,柱头不同形态时期的可授性结果一致。说明月季柱头形态发育与可授性存在直接联系,可通过观察柱头形态来确定最佳授粉时期。  相似文献   

玫瑰自然香气成分及含量变化分析   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

虞伊林  王秋云  姚雷 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2012,30(2):80-87,94

以紫枝玫瑰(Rosa rugosa‘Purple branch’)为例,研究玫瑰花期中不同月份和不同开放状态下自然香气成分的相对含量及变化。在2010年5月、6月及7月分别采集在上海崇明地区生长的当天处于半开期和全开期2种开放状态的花朵,采用热解吸结合气质联用色谱的方法,对活体自然香气成分进行了测定和分析。结果表明:一、醇类是紫枝玫瑰最主要的香气成分,其次为萜烯类和酯类。香叶醇和橙花醇的高峰均集中在5月份,两者及其对应酯类的相对含量均逐月降低。萜烯类和醇类的种类和相对含量均逐月降低,酸类化合物的种类和相对含量则随着月份变化和气温上升而升高。二、全开期紫枝玫瑰香茅醇及其相应酯类相对含量高于半开期。半开期萜烯类和醛类化合物相对含量高于全开期,而全开期醇类、酯类和酚类化合物的相对含量占有较大的优势,从而影响了紫枝玫瑰开放过程中的香气变化。因此,上海崇明地区紫枝玫瑰的较佳自然香气状态为5月份的全开期花朵。以上结果为崇明地区紫枝玫瑰的芳香园林应用和产业链开发提供参考。  相似文献   

Insect pollinators of the invasive plant, Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae), in Iowa, USA     

LAURA C. JESSE  KIRK A. MOLONEY  JOHN J. OBRYCKI 《Weed Biology and Management》2006,6(4):235-240

Invasive species often require mutualistic relationships to successfully invade new environments. Insect pollination is an example of a mutualism that is required for seed-set in the invasive species, Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Rosaceae), an obligate outcrosser. To determine the insect pollinators visiting R. multiflora flowers in Iowa, USA, we collected insects on yellow sticky traps placed on plants during the period of blooming and visually observed insects visiting the flowers. The common insect orders that were collected on the sticky traps included Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, and Thysanoptera. Many of the insects found on the sticky cards were known to feed on pollen. However, we did not collect Apidae (bumble bees and honey bees) on the sticky cards. We observed Bombus spp. and Apis mellifera foraging on the flowers. Syrphid flies were the most commonly observed taxa visiting the flowers. Our results indicate that R. multiflora is utilizing common generalist insect pollinators in Iowa and that pollination is not a limiting factor for this invasive species.  相似文献   

Abundance of arthropods on the branch tips of the invasive plant, Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae)     

LAURA C. JESSE  KIRK A. MOLONEY  JOHN J. OBRYCKI 《Weed Biology and Management》2006,6(4):204-211

Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Rosaceae) is an invasive species in the USA, where it grows in pastures and wooded areas. A disease of unknown etiology, rose rosette disease (RRD), infects R. multiflora and other Rosa spp. The goal of this research was to determine the effects of habitat and disease symptoms on the abundance of Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) , the presumed vector of RRD, and other arthropods on R. multiflora . We collected branch tips from healthy R. multiflora plants growing in the sun and shade, as well as RRD-infected R. multiflora growing in the sun. The samples were collected from June 2002 to April 2004 from three sites in Iowa, USA. The samples were collected approximately every 2 weeks during the summer, monthly during the fall, and once during early spring. The fall samples were only taken from RRD-infected plants because they retain leaves throughout the winter. We found that P. fructiphilus was present on diseased and healthy R. multiflora growing in the sun and on healthy R. multiflora growing as understory plants under a tree canopy (shaded), but the greatest numbers were observed on the diseased plants growing in the sun. Several other mite species, both predatory and phytophagous, Chaetosiphon sp. aphids, and the thrips species, Frankliniella exigua Hood and Neohydatothrips variabilis Beach, occur in the same plant microhabitat as P. fructiphilus . This is the first study to document the presence of additional arthropods in the same microhabitat (branch tips) as P. fructiphilus . Future research needs to isolate and identify the causal agent of RRD so it can be confirmed that, of the many arthropods feeding on R. multiflora , only P. fructiphilus vectors RRD.  相似文献   

月季试管苗生根的形态解剖学观察   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

徐振华  白志英 《园艺学报》1998,25(4):405-407

以月季无根试管苗为材料,进行瓶内和瓶外生根试验,研究了试管生根苗和瓶外生根苗的解剖构造差异,并分析了二者解剖特征与其生境的关系。  相似文献   

弯刺蔷薇与大花白木香越冬抗寒性及其生理差异分析     

刘强  杨树华  贾瑞冬  赵鑫  葛红 《园艺学报》2017,44(7):1344-1354

以弯刺蔷薇(Rosa beggeriana)和大花白木香(R.fortuneana)当年生叶片和枝条为试材,采用电解质渗出率拟合Logistic方程确定低温半致死温度(LT_(50))评价抗寒性,采用过碘酸雪夫氏染色观察茎中淀粉积累,测定相对含水量、丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、脱落酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,研究其越冬期间抗寒性变化及其生理基础。结果发现:两种蔷薇叶片抗寒能力相当,但弯刺蔷薇枝条抗寒性远强于大花白木香。与大花白木香相比,弯刺蔷薇在低温驯化初期累积了更多的可溶性糖,并在叶片脱落前可能通过增加的ABA信号促进可溶性糖由叶片向茎中运输并贮存为淀粉,在严冬时期淀粉水解形成更多的渗透调节物质,并通过更高的SOD活性维持氧化还原平衡;而大花白木香中只发现了比弯刺蔷薇中更高的脯氨酸含量和POD活性,这可能难以维持其渗透压和氧化还原平衡并造成了更多的膜脂过氧化伤害,最终导致其枝条的抗寒性远小于弯刺蔷薇。  相似文献   

二倍体月季F_1群体的SSR鉴定与遗传分析     

周宁宁  李淑斌  李远波  蹇洪英  晏慧君  王其刚  陈敏  邱显钦  张颢  唐开学 《园艺学报》2017,44(1):151-160

以中国古老月季品种‘月月粉’(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’,用OB表示)为母本,‘无刺光叶蔷薇’(Rosa wichuriana‘Basye’s Thornless’,用W表示)为父本,构建F_1代共296个单株。从146对SSR标记中筛选出亲本间多态性好且条带清晰的23对SSR标记,对随机选择的94株F_1进行杂种鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明:筛选到3个纯合显性标记分别为Fv512、Fv609和305,可单独一次性鉴定全部杂种真实性;随机筛选的94株子代均为真杂种;20个SSR标记用于基因型分析,有9个标记出现了偏分离,并在统计上达到显著或极显著水平,偏分离率45%,说明该F_1群体基于SSR位点的基因型偏分离率较高,在进行高密度遗传图谱构建时应重视偏分离标记对作图的影响;UPGMA聚类分析显示,94株F_1的遗传变异大,且遗传多样性丰富,可划分为2个大类7个亚类。  相似文献   

刺梨叶片中总黄酮和水溶性多糖的提取工艺   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘庆林  樊卫国  安华明 《山地农业生物学报》2005,24(6):522-526

采用水煮浸提法综合提取刺梨叶片中的总黄酮和水溶性多糖,通过单因素实验筛选对提取有显著影响的因素进行正交实验,分析获得较优工艺参数。结果表明,综合提取总黄酮和水溶性多糖的较优的工艺参数为：固液比1：30,温度90℃,pH=10。提取液通过炭粉吸附法获得粗多糖的纯度为21．37％,粗黄酮的纯度为53．26％。提取液通过大孔吸附树脂法获得粗多糖的纯度为18．27％;粗黄酮的纯度为36．27％。用水煮浸提法,对刺梨叶片中黄酮和多糖共同进行提取是可行的,并通过大孔树脂或活性炭将二者初步分离。  相似文献   

Assessing Rosa persica genetic diversity using amplified fragment length polymorphisms analysis     

T. Basaki  M. Mardi  M. Jafarkhani Kermani  S.M. Pirseyedi  M.R. Ghaffari  A. Haghnazari  P. Salehi Shanjani  P. Koobaz 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,120(4):538-543

The genetic diversity among 128 Iranian Rosa persica (R. persica) accessions in the different populations was analyzed. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) technique was used to produce 171 polymorphic fragments. The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 101 to 147 and the polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.289 to 0.073, with an average of 0.16. This shows extreme variability and genetic diversity among the studied R. persica populations. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm = 0.376) indicated that gene flow was relatively low among populations of the species. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA method grouped all accessions into six clusters. The results did not show relative agreement with the genotypes’ region of origin. Based on an analysis of molecular variance, 48% of the genetic variation of R. persica was within population and 52% was among populations. The present analysis revealed that Iranian R. persica genotypes are highly variable and genetically distinct from their origins. The apparent unique nature of the R. persica genotypes revealed by our results supports the case for the implementation of more intense characterization and conservation strategies, and provides useful information to address breeding programmes and germplasm resource management in Rosa spp.  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular analyses of Rosa damascena × R. bourboniana interspecific hybrids     

Kiran Kaul  S. KarthigeyanD. Dhyani  Navtej KaurR.K. Sharma  P.S. Ahuja 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Rosa damascena Mill is the most important scented rose species cultivated for rose oil production. Rosa bourboniana L. (Edward rose), a related species, is popular on account of its longer blooming period and ease of propagation. With an aim to combine the oil quality of R. damascena and recurrent flowering habit of R. bourboniana, two cultivars (Jwala and Himroz) of R. damascena were crossed with R. bourboniana. The F1 hybrids obtained were evaluated using morphological, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite (SSR) markers. Twenty-two selected RAPD and three SSR primer pairs were utilized for hybrid identification. According to presence or absence of bands RAPD and SSR markers were classified into seven types of markers. The bands specific for the pollen parent and occurring in the hybrids were good markers to confirm the hybridity. The non-parental bands expressing uniquely in hybrids were effective in distinguishing the hybrids from each other. Cluster analysis, based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic mean (UPGMA), reliably discriminated the hybrids into two main clusters. These results indicate the practical usefulness of RAPD and SSR markers in hybrid identification in scented roses. The approach is advantageous for its rapidity and simplicity, for identification of hybrids at the juvenile stage. One of the studied morphological traits – prickle density, can also complement in the identification of interspecific hybrids between R. damscena (♀) and R. bourboniana (♂).  相似文献