水土保持参与市场经济的基本思路     

周赤 《中国水土保持》1994,(5):42-43

水土保持参与市场经济的基本思路周赤（河北省邯郸市水土保持站，邯郸０５６００２）建立社会主义市场经济体制，是社会主义经济理论上的重大突破。水土保持如何适应社会主义市场经济，创造自身生存和发展的条件，增强水土保持活力，这是对水土保持工作的挑战，也是一次机...  相似文献   

坡面措施对小流域治理的减水减沙效益分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高小平  康学林 《中国水土保持》1995,(6):13-15,32

据对吕二沟坡面治理措施水平梯田、人工林地、草地等减水减沙作用进行分析，在治理度为５０％的条件下，即使没有库坝沟道工程，流域治理仍具有显著的减水减沙效益：年均减水量为１６．９９万ｍ３，减沙量为３．０６２万ｔ，分别占年均计算径流，总量６９．３５万ｍ３与年均计算输沙总量７．６５５万ｔ的２４．５％和４０％。  相似文献   

水土保持与持续发展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈永宗 《中国水土保持》1994,(9):45-48

持续发展理论已被世界环境与发展大会确立为全世界所有国家的共同发展战略。其核心思想是：当今人类的经济和社会发展，必须是既满足当代人的需要，又不对后代人满足他们需要的能力构成危害。古今中外社会发展的历史证明，水土流失严重破坏人类赖以生存的水土资源，搞好水土保持是实现持续发展战略的重要措施。水土保持不仅要控制土壤侵蚀，还要改善土壤的物理性质和补充土中的养分，以改善生态环境，发展生产。水土保持的经济效益、生态效益、社会效益相互依存，在工作中不可片面强调某一效益而顾此失彼。  相似文献   

渭北黄土塬区地埂花椒林的水保作用与生态经济效益调查研究     

王忠林  薛智德 《中国水土保持》1995,(6):29-32

渭北黄土塬区地埂花椒林的水保作用与生态经济效益调查研究王忠林，薛智德（西北林学院，陕西杨陵７１２１００）渭北黄土塬区现有梯田和台田面积８．４４万ｈｍ２，农田地埂占梯田和台田面积的０．５％～１％。地埂上营造花椒林，既充分利用了这部分空地，解决了林粮争地...  相似文献   

平顶山矿区人为水土流失及防治     

冀长甫  郑中信 《中国水土保持》1995,(12):27-28

平顶山矿区人为水土流失及防治冀长甫（河南省平顶山市水利局４６７０００）郑中信，任有振（河南省平顶山市郊区水利局）平顶山市位于河南省中部，是一个以开采煤碳为主，火力发电、建材、纺织、化工等综合发展的工业城市。该市近郊工矿区由于开矿采煤、建厂采石、挖土烧...  相似文献   

水土保持是改善库区环境、安置三峡移民的根本     

鲁胜力 《中国水土保持》1994,(7):5-7,13

三峡库区的现有环境已成失衡态势，三峡工程上马后对库区环境影响较大的是随淹没而来的移民和搬迁。改善库区环境状况、解决移民安置的根本出路为搞好水土保持，扩大环境容量，抓好预防监督保护和以坡改梯及经济林果、林草建设为重点的水土保持综合治理。当前应紧紧抓住三峡工程开工这个机遇，在已有的“长治”工程基础上加优、扩大开发性防治，再辅之以其它政策性措施，库区环境和移民安置可以得到根本解决。  相似文献   

依法防治水土流失让“三湘四水”更好地造福人民     

郑培民 《中国水土保持》1994,(11):11-12

湖南省山丘区面积占总面积的８０％，水土流失比较严重。解放后虽累计治理了１．７万ｋｍ２，但由于边治理、边破坏．８０年代末仍有水土流失面积４．７万ｋｍ２，年土壤侵蚀量１．５７亿ｔ，造成严重危害。近几年来，认真贯彻水土保持法，依法防治水土流失，大搞荒山造林、封禁治理和小流域综合治理开发，取得了显著成效。要进一步加强领导，建立健全水保监督执法体系，多渠道增加投入，加快水土流失防治步伐。  相似文献   

Development of biomarkers inAporrectodea caliginosa andLumbricus rubellus for detecting exposure to benzo[a]pyrene     

Lynn H. Booth  Vanessa J. Heppelthwaite  Kathryn O’Halloran 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2002,2(3):148-154

Objectives and Methods. The sensitivity of two biomarkers, the neutral red retention assay (NRRA) and cytochrome P450 were evaluated in the earthwormAporrectodea caliginosa for their potential to detect exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Cytochrome P450 was also evaluated in the earthwormLumbricus rubellus, and measured using the substrate ethoxycoumarin. Optimal assay conditions (pH, and temperature) were determined, followed by exposure of earthworms to 20 mg/kg BaP (a typical concentration at contaminated sites in New Zealand). Ethoxycoumarin-O-dealkylase (ECOD) activity was measured after 7, 14, and 21 days exposure. The NRRA was evaluated in earthworms exposed to 0.2, 20, and 100 mg BaP/kg, and biomarker responses were compared with effects on body weight. Results and Discussion Benzo[a]pyrene failed to induce ECOD activity in either earthworm species, and therefore it is not useful as a biomarker of BaP exposure and was not evaluated further. In all cases, the NRRA was significantly affected in the absence of any effects on earthworm body weight, indicating that this assay can detect exposure to BaP at a range of concentrations comparable to those found at contaminated sites. The NRRA should be linked to reproductive endpoints, then it can be used as an early warning indicator of adverse effects. Establishing biomarker stability under environmental conditions is an important step in biomarker development. Therefore, the effects of soil type (sandy soil, silt loam, and a clay soil), moisture content (15–30%), and temperature (5–20°) on the NRRA were determined. In all cases, there was no effect on the NRRA, indicating that this assay is very stable under varying environmental conditions. Conclusion and Outlook In conclusion, cytochrome P450 activity does not appear to be a useful indicator of PAH exposure in eitherA. caliginosa or L.rubellus, and due to the inherently low activity, it is not suitable as a routine biomarker for detecting environmental contamination by these compounds. In contrast, the NRRA in the earthworm A.caliginosa is a promising indicator of PAH exposure at the concentrations likely to be found in contaminated sites in New Zealand, and therefore has potential for evaluating these contaminated sites. If the NRRA can be linked to ecologically important life-cycle endpoints, such as reproduction, then it could be used as an early warning indicator of adverse effects at contaminated sites, i.e., by measuring biomarker responses in earthworms from a ‘contaminated area’ and comparing these with earthworms from a matched control area.  相似文献   

加强自身建设　搞好山区水利水保工作     

《中国水土保持》1994,(3):53

加强自身建设搞好山区水利水保工作山东省枣庄市山亭区水泉乡水利水保站（２７７２１５）我们水泉乡地处沂蒙山区西南部，全乡总面积１０７．５平方公里，是个纯山区乡。自党的十一届三中全会以来，我们水利水保站在乡党委、政府的直接领导下，立足山区实际，深化改革，同...  相似文献   

流域治理的可持续发展标准   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

方国华  周之豪 《中国水土保持》1995,(3):40-43

流域治理的可持续发展标准王礼先（北京林业大学水土保持学院，１０００８３）一、流域治理的实质流域治理（ｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ），又称流域管理、流域经营、集水区经营，其概念是：为了充分发挥水土资源的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益，以流域为单...  相似文献