中国盐渍土研究：历程、现状与展望   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

杨劲松  姚荣江  王相平  谢文萍  张新  朱伟  张璐  孙瑞娟 《土壤学报》2022,59(1):10-27

盐渍土研究是以盐渍土和盐渍生境作为主要研究对象，以盐渍土和盐渍化的发生与演变过程、环境要素和人类活动对盐渍化的影响与作用机制、盐渍土的治理、改良和利用的理论与技术为主体的研究领域。我国盐渍土面积巨大、种类繁多，盐渍化问题突出，对农业生产和生态环境造成不同程度的影响。我国科学家提出的盐渍土“水盐调控”“水盐平衡”，“淡化肥沃层”和“障碍消减”等理论与技术方法，为发展农业生产、提高土地产能、保障粮食安全、拓展耕地资源等发挥了积极作用。近期我国在土壤盐渍化演变过程的监测与多源数据融合、土壤水盐运移过程模拟与尺度转换、盐渍农田养分循环与减损增效、盐渍障碍的生态消减、盐渍障碍微生物修复、盐渍农田灌排优化管理与边际水安全利用等方面取得了积极的进展和成果。建议今后深入开展盐渍土精准控盐的高效和安全用水、土壤盐渍障碍的绿色消减与健康保育、盐渍农田养分库容扩增与增碳减排、土壤盐渍化与区域生态的耦合响应和协同适应等方面的理论与技术研究。应面向农业、资源、生态、环境等领域和行业，致力于拓展理论和新技术的研究，为国家农业升级、粮食安全、耕地保护、生态安全、高质量发展发挥重要作用。本文回顾了我国盐渍土研究工作的...  相似文献   

Soil alkalinization and salinization in the djajerud Basin,Iran     

V. Valles  M. Gholami  R. Lambert 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1990,2(1):43-55

The Djajerud Basin is located on the southern slopes of the Elburz Mountains, to the east of Tehran. Near its source, as the River is fed mainly by the melting of the winter snow and flows over tuffs and schists, its carbonate-enriched water can induce soil alkalinization. The Djajerud River runs from its source across a gypsum and marl piedmont. Gypsum is dissolved and modifies the chemical quality of the waters, which lose their alkaline character and get more salty. These sulphate-rich flows are less damaging because soil degradation hazards in the region are related more to salinization than to alkalinization. The Djajerud River waters next seep deep into a permeable deposition fan and feed water-tables which merge into the groundwaters of the Varamin Plain (which are also fed by chloride-rich waters from other sources). The chemical character of the Djajerud-River changes in this section, developing a marked sodium chloride salinity. The soils in this part of the Basin, due to the high groundwater salinity, have poor drainage which prevents any agriculture. The River eventually flows into the highly saline endorrheic Daryachehnamak Lake. The concept of residual alkalinity is used to examine the chemical composition of the Djajerud River along its course and affords the determination of the soil degradation hazard in the various parts of the Basin.  相似文献