林下珍稀药用植物蛇足石杉繁殖的研究进展     

马英姿  刘江海  张家玲 《经济林研究》2016,(2):162-166

蛇足石杉系石杉科石杉属多年生草本植物,内含石杉碱甲,为乙酰胆碱脂酶的有效抑制剂,是治疗阿尔茨海默病症的特效药。随着世界人口老龄化的加速,蛇足石杉的需求量不断增加,然而蛇足石杉是古老的蕨类植物,其野生资源极其匮乏,而其繁殖却极其困难,为给蛇足石杉快速繁殖体系的研究与建立提供参考依据,文中综述了有关蛇足石杉的组织培养、孢子诱导、扦插繁殖、芽胞繁殖等方面的研究进展,并对其人工快速繁殖研究的新方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

Molt‐inhibiting hormone (MIH) gene from the green mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its expression during the molting and ovarian cycle          下载免费PDF全文

Huiyang Huang  Chunru Fu  Xuelei Chen  Jie Gong  Xiaoshuai Huang  Haihui Ye 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2665-2675

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Effects of diets supplemented with either individual or combined probiotics,Bacillus subtilis E20 and Lactobacillus plantarum 7‐40, on the immune response and disease resistance of the mud crab,Scylla paramamosain (Estampador)     

Shinn‐Ping Yeh  Chiu‐Hsia Chiu  Ya‐Li Shiu  Zhe‐Lin Huang  Chiu‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(7):1164-1175

Two trials, including firstly, diets incorporating individual or combined species of probiotics, Bacillus subtilis E20 and Lactobacillus plantarum 7‐40, were fed to the mud crab, Scylla paramamosian, for 28 days to evaluate the growth, immunity and disease resistance, and secondly, the optimal level of B. subtilis E20 in the diet by tracking the growth, immunity and disease resistance after 28 days of feeding were analysed. No significant differences in growth, total haemocyte counts, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase, or glutathione peroxidase were found in the two trials. Crabs fed the B. subtilis E20‐containing diet (D20) had significantly increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytic activity (PA) and disease resistance compared with crabs fed the control and the mixed probiotics diet (MD). The mortality of crabs fed the D20 was significantly lower than that of crabs fed the L. plantarum 7‐40‐containing diet. L. plantarum 7‐40 had a great inhibitory effect on the growth of B. subtilis E20, which may have led to the decreased probiotic effect of the MD. An analysis of the optimal level of B. subtilis E20 in the diet showed that crabs fed the B. subtilis E20‐containing diet at a level of 10^9–10 cfu kg^?1 had better immune response of PO and PA, and disease resistance in the second trial.  相似文献   

室外虾池笼养拟穴青蟹（Scylla paramamosain）的存活、蜕壳与生长     

林琼武  刘涛  陈学雷  叶海辉  王桂忠  李少菁 《福建水产》2014,(3):234-240

本文介绍了在对虾养殖池中笼养青蟹的研究结果。养殖试验历时60 d,以存活率、蜕壳率、甲长增长率、甲宽增长率和增肉系数为指标参数,比较了不同材质、容积和放置层次的养殖容器对笼养青蟹存活、蜕壳与生长的影响。结果表明：在水温25～30℃、盐度13～20、 pH7.8～8.3条件下,笼养青蟹的存活率为（59.85±9.50）%、蜕壳率为（40.69±5.90）%、甲长增长率为107.73%、甲宽增长率为89.39%、增肉系数为286.11%、肥满度＞1。养殖容器的材质、容积和放置层次对笼养效果有影响：胶绳网箱明显优于（ P〈0.05）塑料箱;容积10 L组与6 L组、18 L组相比养殖效果最佳,差异显著（ P〈0.05）, S组略优于B组,差异不明显（ P＞0.05）;第二层（中层）笼箱与第三层（底层）、第一层（表层）相比,笼养效果最佳,差异极为显著（P〈0.01）,第三层（底层）笼箱略优于第一层（表层）,但差异不明显（P＞0.05）。研究结果显示了在对虾养殖池内实施笼养青蟹方式的可行性。  相似文献   

锯缘青蟹血蓝蛋白抑菌活性及其作用靶标     

陈传道  刘瑶  黄玉活  严芳  伦镜盛  章跃陵 《中国水产科学》2013,20(3):644-649

采用抑菌实验和抑菌抑制实验等方法探索锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)血蓝蛋白抑菌活性及其作用靶标.结果显示,锯缘青蟹血蓝蛋白对溶藻酸弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)、大肠杆菌K12(Escherichia coli K12)等细菌具有抑菌活性,其对大肠杆菌K12的抑菌活性可被大肠杆菌K12外膜蛋白(Outer membrane protein, Omp)所抑制,尤其是血蓝蛋白对大肠杆菌K12外膜蛋白敲除菌ΔOmpX、ΔOmpC、ΔOmpT、ΔTsx、ΔFadL和ΔOmpW的抑菌活性显著降低,与对照组相比,具有极显著性(P<0.01)和显著性差异(P<0.05).由此说明,锯缘青蟹血蓝蛋白具有抑菌活性,其抑菌作用靶标可能为多种外膜蛋白.  相似文献   

Comparative study on the embryonic development of three mud crabs Scylla spp.     

Maria Charmela D Ates  Gerald F Quinitio  Emilia T Quinitio  Roman C Sanares 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(2):215-225

Morphological changes in the embryos, egg size and development, incubation period and morphological structures of newly hatched zoea of three mud crab Scylla species were determined. The three species exhibited similar embryonic development composed of 10 stages. The mean egg diameter of Scylla serrata was significantly larger (P<0.05) at the prehatch stage. The mean egg diameters of Scylla tranquebarica and Scylla olivacea were similar (P>0.05). The incubation period was the longest in S. serrata and the shortest in S. olivacea. There was a positive relationship between egg size and larval size, as S. serrata exhibited the largest egg size and first zoea. However, no correlation was detected between egg size at prehatch and lengths of the morphological structures of the newly hatched zoea. The three species exhibited similar lengths of cephalic structures, but S. olivacea had significantly shorter (P<0.05) abdominal structures. The duration of spawning from ablation was the shortest in S. tranquebarica and the longest in S. olivacea. The study is relevant to aquaculture and fisheries management of Scylla species.  相似文献   

饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响     

董兰芳  张琴  许明珠  苏琼  聂振平  谢达  杨家林  童潼 《动物营养学报》2017,29(3)

本试验旨在研究饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响。以初始体重为(41.4±0.3)mg的拟穴青蟹仔蟹为试验对象,分别投喂糖脂比为0.54、0.88、1.39、2.08和3.50的等氮(约44%)等能(约19.5 MJ/kg)饲料3周。结果表明:1)饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的终末平均体重(FABW)、成活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)以及特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料糖脂比的增大,拟穴青蟹仔蟹的FABW、SR、WGR以及SGR均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且均是糖脂比1.39试验组最高,显著高于糖脂比0.54和3.50试验组(P0.05)。2)饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P0.05),而对粗脂肪含量的影响显著(P0.05),糖脂比0.54试验组的脂肪含量最高,显著高于糖脂比2.08和3.50试验组(P0.05)。3)饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的淀粉酶活性没有显著影响(P0.05),但显著影响蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。随着饲料糖脂比的增大,蛋白酶活性呈先增大后减小的趋势,脂肪酶活性呈降低的趋势,糖脂比1.39试验组的蛋白酶活性显著高于其他试验组(P0.05),糖脂比0.54和0.88试验组的脂肪酶活性显著高于糖脂比2.08和3.50试验组(P0.05)。以增长率为评价指标,经回归分析得出拟穴青蟹仔蟹饲料的适宜糖脂比为2.07。  相似文献   

饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成及消化酶活性的影响     

许明珠  张琴  董兰芳  谢达  苏琼  聂振平  杨家林  童潼 《动物营养学报》2017,29(3)

本试验以初始体重为(0.042±0.002)g的拟穴青蟹仔蟹为研究对象,以鱼油和大豆油(1∶1)为脂肪源,配制脂肪水平分别为1.93%、3.95%、6.35%、8.14%、10.54%、12.30%、14.22%(实测值)的7种等氮等能试验饲料,养殖期为3周,用以研究饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成及消化酶活性的影响。每100只拟穴青蟹仔蟹为1个重复,每3个重复饲喂1种试验饲料。结果表明:1)饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的增重率和特定生长率有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,增重率和特定生长率均呈先增后降的趋势,在饲料脂肪水平为8.14%时,增重率和特定生长率达到最大值。二次曲线回归分析确定当增重率达到最大值时,饲料脂肪水平为7.52%。拟穴青蟹仔蟹的成活率在饲料脂肪水平为14.22%的组最低,显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。2)饲料脂肪水平对全蟹中粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量有影响显著(P0.05)。全蟹粗蛋白质含量随着饲料脂肪水平的升高先升后降,在饲料脂肪水平为8.14%的组全蟹粗蛋白质含量达到最高;全蟹粗脂肪含量则随着饲料脂肪水平的升高而持续上升,在饲料脂肪水平为14.22%的组全蟹粗脂肪含量达到最高。饲料脂肪水平对全蟹中水分和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P0.05)。3)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,拟穴青蟹仔蟹蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均呈先增后降的趋势,3种酶活性的最大值均出现在饲料脂肪水平为8.14%的组。由此得出,以增重率为评价指标,拟穴青蟹仔蟹饲料中最适脂肪水平为7.52%。  相似文献   

A reovirus disease in cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China     

Weng SP  Guo ZX  Sun JJ  Chan SM  He JG 《Journal of fish diseases》2007,30(3):133-139

A reovirus, designated mud crab reovirus (MCRV), associated with large economic losses was recently isolated from marine cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China. The complete viral particle is 70 nm in diameter, icosahedral and non-enveloped. The virus infects connective tissue cells of the hepatopancreas, gills and intestine in mud crab and develops in the cytoplasm. Hundred per cent mortality was observed in mud crab experimentally infected by intramuscular injection, bath inoculation and oral inoculation, while cohabitation infection caused 80% mortality. The viral genome consists of 13 linear dsRNA segments, with an electrophoretic pattern 1/5/7. The results of this study suggest that the virus is highly pathogenic and can be transmitted enterically as well as via the body surface of mud crab. Although the genomic organization of this virus is different from that of the other crab reoviruses, CcRV-W2 and DpPV, all three of these reoviruses have similar electrophoresis patterns. Therefore, MCRV may be a new member of the DpPV and CcRV-W2 group.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and development of mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskål), larvae     

Rahmi Nurdiani  & Chaoshu Zeng 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1529-1538

The combined effects of temperature and salinity on larval survival and development of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, were investigated in the laboratory. Newly hatched larvae were reared under 20 °C temperature and salinity combinations (i.e. combinations of four temperatures 25, 28, 31, 34 °C with five salinities 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 g L⁻¹). The results showed that temperature and salinity as well as the interaction of the two parameters significantly affected the survival of zoeal larvae. Salinity at 15 g L⁻¹ resulted in no larval survival to the first crab stage, suggesting that the lower salinity tolerance limit for mud crab larvae lies somewhere between salinity 15 and 20 g L⁻¹. However, within the salinity range of 20–35 g L⁻¹, no significant effects on survival of zoeal larvae were detected (P>0.05). The combined effects of temperature and salinity on larval survival were also evident as at low salinities, both high and low temperature led to mass mortality of newly hatched larvae (e.g. 34 °C/15 g L⁻¹, 34 °C/20 g L⁻¹ and 25 °C/15 g L⁻¹ combinations). In contrast, the low temperature and high salinity combination of 25 °C/35 g L⁻¹ resulted in one of the highest survival to the megalopal stage. It was also shown that at optimal 28 °C, larvae could withstand broader salinity conditions. Temperature, salinity and their interaction also significantly affected larval development. At 34 °C, the mean larval development time to megalopa under different salinity conditions ranged from 13.5 to 18.5 days. It increased to between 20.6 and 22.6 days at 25 °C. The effects of salinity on larval development were demonstrated by the fact that for all the temperatures tested, the fastest mean development to megalopa was always recorded at the salinity of 25 g L⁻¹. However, a different trend of salinity effects was shown for megalopae as their duration consistently increased with an increase in salinity from 20 to 35 g L⁻¹. In summary, S. serrata larvae tolerate a broad range of salinity and temperature conditions. Rearing temperature 25–30 °C and salinity 20–35 g L⁻¹ generally result in reasonable survival. However, from an aquaculture point of view, a higher temperature range of 28–30 °C and a salinity range of 20–30 g L⁻¹ are recommended as it shortens the culture cycle.  相似文献