高效液相色谱法检测海水养殖环境中喹诺酮类药物残留   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张汉华 《渔业科学进展》2010,31(2):95-101

建立了一种养殖海水中诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星3种喹诺酮类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱-荧光测定方法。水样经稀盐酸调pH后经HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化,用外标法定量。结果表明,诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星检出限分别是2、1和1μg/L,定量限分别是6.6、3.3和3.3μg/L,添加浓度为10、20和50μg/L时,3种物质的回收率为71.9%～85.3%,批内变异系数≤10%,批间变异系数≤7%。利用该方法对黄海沿岸部分养殖场及近岸海水(北起36°40.303′N,121°8.939′E;南至35°39.36′N,119°52.433′E)进行分析,诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星的检出质量浓度分别为6.20～982、55.2和11.6～55.4μg/L。实验结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于养殖海水中诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的检测。  相似文献   

条斑紫菜对胶州湾湿地浅海富营养化状况的生物修复效果          下载免费PDF全文

陈聚法  赵俊  过锋  张艳  夏斌 《渔业科学进展》2012,33(1):93-101

对胶州湾湿地海域条斑紫菜Porphyra yezoensis Ueda养殖区水环境进行了现场调查和研究,对紫菜生长吸收N、P营养盐的效果进行了实验研究,在此基础上综合分析了紫菜对富营养化海水的生物修复效果。研究结果表明,条斑紫菜养殖对胶州湾湿地海水中过剩的营养盐有明显的控制作用,养殖区氮、磷营养盐和有机碳含量以及水质营养指数均低于周边对照区。实验条件下,紫菜生长吸收N、P营养盐和降低海水富营养化程度的效果显著。各实验周期水体中的无机氮含量下降幅度为17.15%～21.26%,活性磷酸盐含量下降幅度为55.73%～61.12%,表明紫菜叶状体生长对磷的吸收量明显高于对氮的吸收量。另外,各换水周期实验海水的营养指数值由2.211～2.592降至0.749～0.873,降低幅度为63.32%～69.39%,海水富营养化等级由"中度富营养"降至"贫营养"。根据胶州湾湿地海域的环境条件,通过大规模栽培大型海藻,可大量去除海水中的N、P、C等生源要素,有效降低海水富营养化水平。  相似文献   

养虾用水预防病毒病快速处理装置     

李德尚  李吉方  黄国强 《海洋水产研究》2004,25(4):78-84

本装置的设计原理为通过过滤除掉海水中本类疾病的媒介生物,并通过同时的药物消毒杀灭海水中游离的和吸附在悬浮微颗粒上的病毒粒子。装置由水泵、初级滤网、次级滤网、三级滤网、过滤槽及消毒液输入系统组成。初级滤网由40目筛绢制成,用圆钢和铁丝网框架支撑成网箱状,水泵吸水管的进水口设在其中,以滤掉粗大颗粒。次级滤网由80目筛绢制成,成袋状,结扎在水泵排水管的出水口上,悬垂在过滤槽中央,用以滤去较大浮游动物。三级滤网由200～220目筛绢制成,由圆钢和铁丝网制成的框架支撑,设置在过滤槽中,用以滤去较小浮游动物。消毒液输入系统由药液容器、药液导入管及调节阀等部分组成,用于将计算浓度的药液(次氯酸钠)输入处理水中,达到消毒目的。过滤槽为14m^3的一套装置,可维持流量为300m^3／h的水泵正常工作。次级和三级滤网一般要4～10h更换和处理1次．  相似文献   

漳州破灶屿海区海水及贝类体中的粪大肠菌群   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何丽斌  林克冰  周宸  吴建绍 《福建水产》2009,(4):67-71

2007年9月－2008年9月期间对漳州破灶屿海区海水及养殖贝类体中的粪大肠菌群（FCB）进行了采样调查,同时采集海门岛附近海域养殖贝类进行对比分析。结果表明,破灶屿周边海域海水中FCB均未超GB 3097-1997《海水水质标准》第二类标准（≤2000个/L）,受到FCB的污染相对较小;养殖的牡蛎粪大肠菌群均符合GB 18421-2001《海洋生物质量》第一类标准（≤3000个/kg）;而海门岛附近海域养殖的缢蛏粪大肠菌群超标率为80%,贝类已受到粪大肠菌群的污染。  相似文献   

磷对海水抑制芦荟幼苗生长的缓解效应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

邵晶  刘玲  刘兆普  郑青松  宁建凤 《中国农业科学》2005,38(4):843-848

 研究了不同磷水平对海水胁迫下库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera)幼苗干物质积累、叶片伸长速率、叶绿素含量、叶片细胞膜透性、根系活力和K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl- 含量的影响。结果表明，30％浓度海水胁迫下，外源磷水平的提高能明显增加芦荟幼苗植株的干重, 显著提高其叶片伸长速率、叶绿素含量和根系活力，降低叶片电解质渗漏率。且增磷显著降低根系Na+、Cl- 含量，促进K+、Ca2+ 向地上部运输，维持叶片较高的K+/ Na+ 、Ca2+/ Na+ 和SK,Na, 从而改善其地上部的离子平衡，明显缓解30%海水对芦荟幼苗生长的抑制作用。  相似文献   

半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉菊芋盐肥耦合效应的研究   总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

隆小华  刘兆普  陈铭达  綦长海  刘玲 《土壤学报》2005,42(1):91-97

在山东莱州海涂采用正交试验设计进行田间试验,研究了不同浓度海水灌溉下菊芋盐肥耦合效应。结果表明:(1)综合肥水情况下,在25%海水(W2)灌溉下菊芋块茎和地上部分生物产量与淡水处理(W1)没有显著差异,在50%(W3)和75%(W4)海水灌溉下产量均显著下降,与淡水比较,下降幅度达32%、76%和25%、60%;N3(150 kg hm-2)水平与N1(0 kg hm-2)水平相比,菊芋块茎产量可以显著提高77%,同样地上部分生物产量也提高了37%,而N4(225 kg hm-2)处理比在N3情况下低,但仍高于N2(75 kg hm-2)处理;P3(60 kg hm-2)水平与P1(0 kg hm-2)水平相比,菊芋块茎产量可以显著提高97%,同样地上部分生物产量也提高了39%,在P4(90 kg hm-2)处理下,菊芋块茎和地上部分生物产量分别比在P3处理下低19%和11%。(2)各浓度海水浇灌下,随着施氮、磷量的增加菊芋主茎普遍增长和增粗。(3)经过对海水与N肥及P肥的交互作用分析,可以看出W2N3和W2P3是优化组合;处理因子分析表明,影响菊芋产量的主要因素是不同浓度海水灌溉,N肥和P肥次之,其优化组合为W2N3P3。  相似文献   

Dynamic changes of neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in gastric mucosal and plasma in rats with celiac seawater-immersing trauma     

ZHU Xiong-wei  SHI Wei-xiong  LI Zhao-shen  FU Zhi-ren  DING Guo-shan 《园艺学报》2007,23(7):1419-1421

AIM: To observe the dynamic changes of neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in gastric mucosal and plasma in rats after abdominal seawater-immersing trauma, and to investigate the influence of these two sensory neuropeptides on acute gastric mucosal lesion. METHODS: Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (normal group, celiac seawater-immersing trauma 1, 2 and 3 h groups). With emzyoimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay respectively, gastric mucosal and plasma NKA and CGRP levels in rats were measured.RESULTS: Compared with normal rats, with the seawater-immersing time prolonged, gastric mucosal NKA and CGRP levels in rats were progressively decreased (P<0.05), while plasma NKA and CGRP levels significantly elevated. CONCLUSION: Seawater-immersion is a harmful factor, it can lead to elevated plasma NKA and CGRP levels and decrease gastric mucosal NKA and CGRP levels.  相似文献   

Modelling seawater intrusion in the Burdekin Delta Irrigation Area,North Queensland,Australia     

Kumar A. Narayan  Carsten Schleeberger  Keith L. Bristow 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

The Burdekin Delta is a major irrigation area situated in the dry tropics of North Queensland. It is unique in that (i) it overlies shallow groundwater systems that serve as a major water supply for the irrigation of sugarcane, and (ii) it is adjacent to the world heritage listed Great Barrier Reef. Water management practices include large recharge pits and surface spreading of water to assist with replenishment of the groundwater. This has been useful in maintaining groundwater levels to help control seawater intrusion. This technique, however, can be costly and ineffective in unconfined aquifer systems, which are subjected to large amounts of groundwater pumping for irrigation. There are more than 1800 production bores currently used for irrigation in the Burdekin Delta and the large volumes of water extracted have at times lowered the regional water tables and made it difficult to control seawater intrusion.  相似文献   

Non-conventional water resources and opportunities for water augmentation to achieve food security in water scarce countries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Qadir  B.R. Sharma  A. Bruggeman  R. Choukr-Allah  F. Karajeh 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

Given current demographic trends and future growth projections, as much as 60% of the global population may suffer water scarcity by the year 2025. The water-use efficiency techniques used with conventional resources have been improved. However, water-scarce countries will have to rely more on the use of non-conventional water resources to partly alleviate water scarcity. Non-conventional water resources are either generated as a product of specialized processes such as desalination or need suitable pre-use treatment and/or appropriate soil–water–crop management strategies when used for irrigation. In water-scarce environments, such water resources are accessed through the desalination of seawater and highly brackish groundwater, the harvesting of rainwater, and the use of marginal-quality water resources for irrigation. The marginal-quality waters used for irrigation consist of wastewater, agricultural drainage water, and groundwater containing different types of salts. In many developing countries, a major part of the wastewater generated by domestic, commercial, and industrial sectors is used for crop production in an untreated or partly treated form. The protection of public health and the environment are the main concerns associated with uncontrolled wastewater irrigation. The use of saline and/or sodic drainage water and groundwater for agriculture is expected to increase. This warrants modifications in the existing soil, irrigation, and crop management practices used, in order to cope with the increases in salinity and sodicity that will occur.  相似文献   

静水海水池塘投饵养殖非鲫的鱼产力和负荷力   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

杨红生 《水产学报》1997,21(2):152-157

用８个３ｍ×８ｍ的实验围隔，研究了静水海水池塘对投饵养殖台湾红非鲫的鱼产力和负荷力。放养量为０．６７、１．００、１．３３、１．６７尾／ｍ＾２四个水平。每日投喂颗粒饲料４次，投饵量以鱼体重的３％为基础，再根据鱼的摄食情况加以调整，以１．５ｈ内吃完为准。  相似文献