Comparison of the isozyme variation in tall fescue parents and their somaclones     

Georgia C. Eizenga  Paul L. Cornelius 《Euphytica》1990,51(3):249-256

Summary This study was conducted using the isozymes ACP-1, ADH-1, GOT-2, GOT-3, MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2 to: a) compare isozyme banding patterns of tall fescue somaclones with parents and b) correlate tissue culture-induced chromosome abnormalities with variant banding patterns. The 174 somaclones were grouped into seven categories based on their meiotic analyses and time of regeneration from culture. Differences in isozyme frequency between categories compared by chi-square tests were greatest for MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2, and least for ACP-1. The most significant differences in frequency were found between somaclones and parents. In comparisons of somaclone categories, the most different isozyme distributions were between the early vs. late regenerated somaclones. No significant differences in isozyme frequencies were found between all 42-chromosome somaclones vs. aneuploid somaclones and the three somaclone groups (42-normal, 42-abnormal, aneuploid) compared to each other. This study suggests that culture-induced isozyme variation alters the distribution of the isozyme phenotypes, but is not directly correlated with chromosome abnormalities.  相似文献   

黄瓜花叶病毒番茄蕨叶分离物外壳蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析     

田兆丰  裘季燕  丁翠珍  刘伟成  魏蕾  刘德文 《华北农学报》2007,22(4):203-206

在北京延庆的番茄上分离到1株黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)分离物CMV-YQ,该分离物在番茄上造成严重的蕨叶、矮化,在烟草上表现花叶、矮化和畸形,表现出很强的致病性。根据黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因的保守序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术对其CP基因片段进行了扩增并克隆,获得了含该基因全长657 bp的cDNA片段。序列测定与比较分析结果表明,北京地区造成番茄蕨叶的CMV分离物CP基因片段核酸序列与GenBank上CMV亚组Ⅰ其他分离物同源性高达90%～99%,属于CMV亚组Ⅰ。该分离物与分离于我国芭蕉的另一亚组Ⅰ分离物GB同源性为94.37%,两分离物之间存在寄主适应性变异。  相似文献   

猪伪狂犬病病毒河南分离株gE全基因的克隆与序列分析     

高晓云  顾阳  潘鑫龙  郭小参  崔保安  陈红英 《华北农学报》2015,(1)

为了确定河南部分地区按照正常免疫程序接种猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)基因缺失苗的猪场是否发生了PRV野毒感染,了解新流行株的主要毒力基因g E是否发生变异,利用PCR方法,对南阳、周口、巩义、济源、漯河、原阳等地采集的疑似PRV感染的病料进行检测。对PCR检测为阳性的病料接种猪睾丸细胞,传至6代,分离出9株PRV,克隆其g E全基因并进行序列分析。结果表明,9株PRV均能扩增出1 862 bp的g E基因,且彼此之间同源性为99.9%~100%,与其他PRV毒株同源性为97.5%~99.6%。9株分离株处于一大分支上,且均含有2个氨基酸插入,在448位和510位均发生氨基酸置换。结果表明,分离株均为PRV野毒株,且g E基因有不同程度的变化,与河南省伪狂犬病的重新流行有密切联系。  相似文献   

A genetic study of popping quality in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)     

D. S. Murty  M. Singh  K. D. Nicodemus 《Euphytica》1988,37(1):5-8

Summary Two crosses of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (IS 1054 × ICSV-1, and IS 5604 × IS 1054) were evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations for the variation in their popping quality as measured by pop volume (ml). Dominance was in the direction of low pop volume. Dominance and additive gene effects, in that order, governed most of the variation, while significant dominance x dominance type of interaction effects could also be detected. There was no evidence for higher order gene interactions.Approved as Journal Article 630 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.  相似文献   

Origin,classification, variation and distribution of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in the light of Cuban material     

M. Esquivel  L. Castiñeiras  K. Hammer 《Euphytica》1990,49(2):89-97

Summary Recent collecting activities have shown that Cuba is rich in plant genetic resources of lima beans. Seed characters of 173 Cuban accessions were measured. Principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis were used to compare the accessions, which could be classified into seven groups: wild, weed, Potato, Potato-Sieva, Sieva, Sieva-Big Lima, Big Lima. The Sieva type is the principal group of Cuba. It has arrived to Cuba in pre-Columbian times via the Antilles arc. After the Conquest the Potato type was introduced from Central America. Introgressive hybridization with the Sieva group led to the intermediate Potato-Sieva type, whereas the Sieva-Big Lima type resulted from selection toward larger seeds within the Sieva group. The Big Lima type was introduced relatively late. Cuba occupies a key position in the distribution of Lima beans within the Americas and also to the Old World.  相似文献   

Extent and Pattern of Genetic Diversity for Morpho-agronomic Traits in Ethiopian Highland Pulse Landraces: I. Field Pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.)     

Gemechu Keneni  Mussa Jarso  Tezera Wolabu  Getnet Dino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(5):539-549

An experiment was conducted in 2001 at Holetta and Kulumsa, Ethiopia, to study the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in Ethiopian field pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces. One hundred forty-eight germplasm accessions were grown in an alpha lattice design with 2 replications. Data on 12 traits were collected and analyzed. Differences among the accessions were significant for most of the traits (except number of seeds/ pod) at each location even though differences pooled over location were mostly non-significant. The accessions were grouped into five clusters of different sizes. Accessions from the southern part of the country (Arsi) distributed overall clusters while those from the northern half (North and South Wello, North Gonder and North Shewa) fell into clusters C₁ to C₃. Cumulative effects of a number of characters dictated differentiation of the accessions into clusters. There was no definite relationship between geographic diversity and genetic diversity as overlapping was encountered in clustering pattern among accessions from different parts of the country. Accessions from different regions might have similar genetic background and those from the same origin might also have different genetic background. Therefore, geographic diversity should not necessarily be used as an index of genetic diversity and parental selection should be based on a systematic study of genetic diversity in a specific population. Genetic distances among most of the clusters were significant that crosses between parents selected out of them are expected to generate desirable genetic recombination. Selection should also consider the special advantages of each cluster and each accession within a cluster. Future germplasm collection, conservation and breeding efforts should focus not only on inter-regional diversity but also on intra-regional diversity.  相似文献   

Extent and Pattern of Genetic Diversity for Morpho-agronomic Traits in Ethiopian Highland Pulse Landraces II. Faba Bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.)     

Gemechu Keneni  Mussa Jarso  Tezera Wolabu  Getnet Dino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(5):551-561

A field experiment was conducted in 2001 at Holetta and Kulumsa, Ethiopia, to study genetic diversity in Ethiopian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces. One hundred sixty random germplasm accessions were grown in an alpha lattice design with two replications. Data on 12 traits were collected and analyzed. Significant differences were observed among the accessions for most of the traits (except number of pods/podding nodes) at each location even though differences pooled over location were mostly non-significant. Cluster analysis distinguished seven diversity classes of different sizes. Accessions from the northern half of the country (North and South Wello, North Gonder and North Shewa) were closely related while those from the southern part of the country (Arsi) were highly diverse. Cumulative effects of a number of characters dictated differentiation of the accessions into clusters. Some overlapping were encountered between accessions from the northern and those from the southern parts of the country. The study revealed that accessions from different regions might have similar genetic background and those from the same origin might also have different genetic background. Therefore, geographic diversity should not necessarily be used as an index of genetic diversity and parental selection should be based on a systematic study of genetic diversity in a specific population. Genetic distances between most of the clusters were significant that crosses between parents selected out of them are expected to generate desirable progenies. Future germplasm collection, conservation and utilization strategies should put more focus not only on inter-regional diversity in the country as a whole but also on intra-regional diversity in Arsi.  相似文献   

Using compiled species lists to make biodiversity comparisons among regions: A test case using Oregon butterflies     

William F. Fagan  Peter M. Kareiva 《Biological conservation》1997,80(3):249-259

We explore two methods that correct for differential sampling effort when estimating the true number of species in a region based on samples such as those typically recorded in museum or conservation databases. The two methods are: (1) a phenomenological model that relies on a saturating sampling curve; and (2) a model based on a lognormal distribution of species abundances. We test these methods using a database for the butterflies of Oregon and find that the distribution of high-diversity areas, using the estimated, or “asymptotic”, diversities, is strikingly different from the geographic pattern one would deduce if the raw data were used, without correcting for differential sampling effort. Further, we show that differences in accuracy exist between the two estimation procedures, and that these differences are aggravated at small sample sizes; we argue that estimates based on the lognormal distribution should be preferred because they can offer substantial improvement over analyses based solely on the raw data, generally without risking overestimation. Lastly, using both the database and estimated values of butterfly diversity, we show that the distribution of endangered and numerically rare butterflies rarely coincides with “hotspots” or centers of biodiversity. Thus, protecting regions of Oregon rich in overall butterfly diversity will not normally protect the bulk of rare or endangered butterfly species.  相似文献   

GISQ, a multifunctional indicator of soil quality     

Elena Velasquez  Patrick Lavelle 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(12):3066-3080

We present here an indicator of soil quality that evaluates soil ecosystem services through a set of 5 subindicators, and further combines them into a single general Indicator of Soil Quality (GISQ). We used information derived from 54 properties commonly used to describe the multifaceted aspects of soil quality. The design and calculation of the indicators were based on sequences of multivariate analyses. Subindicators evaluated the physical quality, chemical fertility, organic matter stocks, aggregation and morphology of the upper 5 cm of soil and the biodiversity of soil macrofauna. A GISQ combined the different subindicators providing a global assessment of soil quality.Research was conducted in two hillside regions of Colombia and Nicaragua, with similar types of land use and socio-economic context. However, soil and climatic conditions differed significantly. In Nicaragua, soil quality was assessed at 61 points regularly distributed 200 m apart on a regular grid across the landscape. In Colombia, 8 plots representing different types of land use were arbitrarily chosen in the landscape and intensively sampled. Indicators that were designed in the Nicaragua site were further applied to the Colombian site to test for their applicability.In Nicaragua, coffee plantations, fallows, pastures and forest had the highest values of GISQ (1.00; 0.80; 0.78 and 0.77, respectively) while maize crops and eroded soils (0.19 and 0.10) had the lowest values. Examination of subindicator values allowed the separate evaluation of different aspects of soil quality: subindicators of organic matter, aggregation and morphology and biodiversity of macrofauna had the maximum values in coffee plantations (0.89; 0.72 and 0.56, respectively on average) while eroded soils had the lowest values for these indicators (0.10; 0.31 and 0.33, respectively).Indicator formulae derived from information gained at the Nicaraguan sites were not applicable to the Colombian situation and site-specific constants were calculated.This indicator allows the evaluation of soil quality and facilitates the identification of problem areas through the individual values of each subindicator. It allows monitoring of change through time and can guide the implementation of soil restoration technologies. Although GISQ formulae computed on a set of data were only valid at a regional scale, the methodology used to create these indices can be applied everywhere.  相似文献   

水稻Os NAD-ME1的克隆、预测及逆境下的表达分析     

周滈  杨传平  柳参奎 《分子植物育种》2011,9(6):680-687

植物中的苹果酸酶能够参与光合作用、呼吸作用和脂类生成等多种重要的代谢途径,而且与植物的逆境防御有着密切的关系.为研究水稻中一个苹果酸酶基因(Os NA D-ME1,Gene ID:4343294)的基本特征及其与逆境间的响应关系,克隆得到该基因的cDNA片段,应用生物信息学对其序列进行分析及预测,并运用Northern...  相似文献