基于单片段代换系的水稻抽穗期QTL上位性研究     

杨自凤  朱海涛  刘自强  曾瑞珍  傅雪琳  陈雄辉  张桂权  金玲玲  刘桂富 《华南农业大学学报》2014,35(6):24-28

【目的】探索水稻抽穗期的遗传机制.【方法】以华粳籼74的8个单片段代换系为材料,构建了7个聚合了双QTL的次级F2作图群体,并通过分子标记的选择区分出每个群体的9种基因型以估算水稻抽穗期QTL的各类上位性分量.【结果和结论】除QTL HD3/HD8间的上位性互作不显著外,其他QTL对均存在显著的上位性效应,占85.7%;在检测的28个不同类型的上位性效应中,有60.7%的估计值达到5%或1%的显著水平,其中加加、加显或显加、显显上位性分别占71.3%、42.8%、85.6%.研究结果进一步证实了上位性作用在数量性状遗传体系中的普遍性和重要性,并为水稻抽穗期的分子聚合育种提供了依据和材料.  相似文献   

地力水平和播期对冬小麦籽粒产量及氮素利用率的影响     

孔海波  肖丽丽  代兴龙  李传兴  王月超  李华英  贺明荣 《山东农业科学》2014,(6):35-39

以泰农18为试材,在播种密度(基本苗)405.0万株/hm2条件下,研究两个不同地力水平和适度早播(10月1日)、适播(10月8日)和适度晚播(10月15日)对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:高地力水平下小麦籽粒产量较高但氮素利用率偏低;同地力条件下,适当推迟播期,通过协调单位面积穗数和穗粒数,仍可维持与早播和适播条件下相当水平的籽粒产量;虽然推迟播期降低冬小麦氮素吸收效率,但可提高氮素利用效率,两者互补,所以适当推迟播期氮素利用率仍可维持与早播和适播相当的水平。因此,在不同地力水平下,适当推迟播期可以调控冬小麦冬前群体免受冷害和寒害的影响,维持较高的籽粒产量和氮素利用率。  相似文献   

花优14作双季晚稻在鄱阳湖平原种植试验示范表现及高效应用思考     

王修慧  ;李浩元  ;程飞虎  ;陈忠平  ;黄大山  ;胡晓琴  ;王颖娴 《江西农业学报》2014,(6):18-20

为明确杂交晚粳花优14在江西省适宜播种期和栽插苗数,开展了不同播种期和栽插苗数试验。结果表明:花优14在鄱阳湖平原作双季晚稻手工栽插,适宜播种期为6月中、下旬,秧龄25~30 d,每丛插3本或3本以上有利获取高产,最后提出了花优14高效应用思考。  相似文献   

Spawning dynamics of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the St. Lawrence River,Canada–USA     

E. Maltais  G. Daigle  G. Colbeck  J. J. Dodson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2010,19(4):586-594

Maltais E, Daigle G, Colbeck G, Dodson JJ. Spawning dynamics of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the St. Lawrence River, Canada–USA.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 586–594. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The most northerly population of American shad (Alosa sapidissima), located in the St. Lawrence River, is considered vulnerable because of low population abundance and limited spawning habitat located at the upstream extent of the population’s anadromous migration. Here, we aimed to establish the temporal and spatial extent of spawning based on a novel hatch‐date analysis of juveniles. Spawning activity lasted from early May to early July. We found that juveniles captured downstream during the summer hatched later in the year than those captured further upstream. As a result, younger juveniles were distributed somewhat further downstream. In addition, we found significant multimodality in hatch‐date distributions at midstream and downstream sampling stations. Together, these results provide evidence that the 2‐month spawning period involved numerous spawning events that progressed in a downstream direction as the season advanced, rather than being restricted to upstream sites over the spawning season.  相似文献   

中国东部暖温带刺槐花期空间格局的模拟与预测     

徐琳  陈效逑  杜星 《勤云标准版测试》2013,33(12):3584-3593

模拟刺槐开花日期与气温之间的空间关系,对于揭示蜜源植物物候空间格局形成的生态机制和掌握养蜂生产的时宜,具有重要的科学意义.利用中国东部暖温带26个站点1986-2005年的刺槐开花始期、盛期和末期数据,建立了基于日均温的多年平均和逐年物候空间模型,模拟多年平均和逐年刺槐开花日期的空间格局,并对模型进行了空间外推检验.进而,将1986-2005年8 km×8 km分辨率的日均温格点数据代人多年平均和逐年物候空间模型,得到连续地理空间多年平均和逐年刺槐开花日期的空间格局,并尝试设计了研究区内转地放蜂的适宜路线.结果表明:中国东部暖温带1986-2005年多年平均及逐年最佳期间日均温的空间格局分别控制着多年平均和逐年刺槐开花日期的空间格局.各地多年平均刺槐开花日期的空间序列与最佳期间日均温的空间序列呈显著负相关(P＜0.001),多年平均气温—物候空间模型对刺槐开花始期、盛期和末期的方差解释量分别为87％、86％和77％,模拟的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为2.5、2.7d和4.1d.同样,各地逐年刺槐开花日期的空间序列与最佳期间日均温的空间序列均呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),逐年气温-物候空间模型对刺槐开花始期、盛期和末期的方差解释量分别介于44％-94％、57％-92％和39％-84％之间,模拟的平均RMSE分别为3.9、4.0d和5.4d.预测得到的连续地理空间多年平均刺槐开花日期呈现出自南向北、从平原向丘陵和山地逐渐推迟的空间演进特征.据此,中国东部暖温带地区转地放蜂可以沿西线、中线和东线进行,放蜂的大致持续时间可达40-50 d.此外,预测得到的连续地理空间1986-2005年期间刺槐开花始期、盛期和末期的线性趋势以提前为主,呈显著提前的面积分别占总面积的78％、26％和32％.  相似文献   

Modelling phenological and agronomic adaptation options for narrow-leafed lupins in the southern grainbelt of Western Australia     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

Australian modern narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivars tend to flower early and are vernalisation-unresponsive (VU). Cultivars have generally been selected for the warmer climates zones and sandy soils of the northern grain belt of Western Australia (NWA), where lupins are predominantly grown. In areas where climates are cooler and growing seasons are longer and wetter, such as the southern grain belt of Western Australia (SWA), it is probable that lupin would have a higher yield potential. Given that VU cultivars would have a longer vegetative phase (i.e. late flowering) we hypothesise that they may be more productive than those that are early flowering. Here we used a modelling approach to: 1) test the hypothesis that cool-climate SWA would have higher lupin yield than warm-climate NWA; 2) explore lupin phenological adaptation and yield potential in SWA over a range of proposed VU cultivars; and 3) further evaluate the combined effects of cultivar phenology, sowing time and seasonal type on lupin yields.Simulations from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) showed that, on average, lupin yield in SWA was higher than that in NWA, with 23% greater yield for the early-flowering cultivar Mandelup. Proposed cultivars flowering 22 days (late-flowering) and 15 days (medium flowering) later than Mandelup would have their phenology better adapted in the high and medium rainfall zones of SWA, producing 16 and 7% more grain in the two rainfall zones, respectively. The proposed late-flowering cultivar sown before the end of April achieved higher yields for all seasons in the high rainfall zone and for above average and average rainfall seasons in the medium rainfall zone. In more water-limited situations early sowing was preferable with no obvious difference in yield among cultivars. Despite this, the early-flowering cultivar yielded more when sown in late April. The results indicate that lupin production would benefit from breeding VU varieties with a long vegetative phase for the SWA that should be sown in mid to late April.  相似文献   

大豆抗食心虫性的遗传及抗虫育种方法研究——Ⅱ.开花期和成熟期与虫食率的关系     

孙志强  阎日红  王继安  田佩占 《大豆科学》1993,(2)

以一个营养生长期长的有限型大豆品系通交83—932与营养生长期短的无限型品系公交8324—19和亚有限型品种吉林27号杂交获得开花期和生育期广泛分离的F_2群体,在虫害大发生的条件下靠自然害虫群体在田间鉴定了亲本,F_1和F_2代的抗虫性,研究了开花期和成熟期对大豆抗虫性表现的影响。结果表明,三个组合F_2代单株的虫食率与开花期和成熟期均呈极显著负相关。开花期和虫食率间的关系较复杂,受多种因素的影响,可以用多项式曲线拟合。对一组正反交组合的研究表明,用营养生长期长的材料做母本时,F_2代低虫食率单株的频率显著高于其反交组合。在抗虫筛选中,按成熟期严格分组,在组内进行抗虫性选择有助于减少生育期的干拢,提高准确性。  相似文献   

夏芋丰产栽培技术研究     

陈健亚 《长江蔬菜》1997,(3):27-29

研究了３种种植密度、２种播种时期和２种地膜覆盖方式对早熟芋生产发育和夏收产量的影响。地膜覆盖与否是影响芋生长和丰产的关键因素，地膜覆盖比露比栽培增产９０．０９％，栽植密度是影响夏收单产的重要因素；播时期对生长发育和产量无影响。从综合因素考虑，要使夏芋丰产，应适时播种，及早覆盖地膜，密度为２３００株／６６７ｍ＾２。  相似文献   

花生品种抗黄1号高产栽培技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐兆秀  陈树玉  林金华  蓝新隆 《花生学报》2006,35(2):29-33

采用播期(A)、穴粒数(B)、穴距(C)、纯氮量(D)四因素三水平的正交试验设计,研究抗黄1号的高产配套栽培技术,试验结果表明,各因素的产量效应排序为C>A>B>D,穴距和播期是影响抗黄1号产量的关键因子,其次是穴粒数,影响最小的是纯氮量。最优处理组合为A3B3C1D1,同时,还就各因素对产量结构、植株性状、生育进程等生理特性的影响作了简要分析。  相似文献   

河西绿洲区加工型胡萝卜不同密度对产量及加工品质的影响     

张文斌  杨斌  王勤礼  张红菊  陈修斌 《北方园艺》2007,(8):1-2

对河西绿洲地区加工型胡萝卜栽培密度进行了研究,结果表明,种植密度对加工型胡萝卜产量、商品性影响很大,对产量构成因子根重、根径影响较为显著,对根长影响不大.综合评判,试验区加工型胡萝卜栽培最佳密度为保苗37.05万株/hm2.  相似文献