Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to steers consuming low-quality,cool-season forage: intake,nutrient digestibility,and ruminal fermentation     

Bruno I Cappellozza  David W Bohnert  Maria M Reis  Kendall C Swanson  Stephanie J Falck  Reinaldo F Cooke 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)

This experiment evaluated the influence of protein supplementation frequency (SF) and amount offered on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation by rumen-fistulated beef steers consuming low-quality [2.9% crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) basis], cool-season forage. Seven Angus × Hereford steers (300 ± 27 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square. Treatments, in a 2 × 3 factorial design plus a non-supplemented control (CON), consisted of 2 levels of supplemental soybean meal, 100% (F) or 50% (H) of the estimated rumen-degradable protein requirement, provided daily (D), once every 5 d (5D), or once every 10 d (10D). Experimental periods were 30 d and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured from days 19 to 28. On days 21 (all supplements provided) and 30 (only daily supplements provided; day immediately prior to supplementation for 5D and 10D treatments) ruminal fluid was collected for ruminal pH, ammonia-N (NH₃), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and determination of ruminal fermentation variables. Forage and total DM, organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) intake increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04). However, a linear effect of SF × amount of supplement interaction was observed for forage and total DM, OM, and N intake (P ≤ 0.04), with each variable decreasing as SF decreased, but the decrease being greater with F vs. H. Apparent total tract DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by supplementation or amount of supplement provided (P ≥ 0.10). In contrast, N digestibility increased with supplementation and for F vs. H (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N increased linearly as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.03). When all supplements were provided, ruminal NH₃, total VFA, and molar proportions of all individual VFA increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04), whereas acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). When only daily supplements were provided, none of the aforementioned fermentation parameters were affected (P ≥ 0.09). In summary, reducing the amount of supplemental CP provided to ruminants consuming low-quality forages, when supplementation intervals are >5 d, can be a management tool to maintain acceptable levels of DMI, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation while reducing supplementation cost.  相似文献   

发酵豆粕在犊牛饲料中的应用进展     

毛宏祥  宋鹏  胡杰  朱宏娟 《中国乳业》2021,(10):50-54

豆粕是一种优质的植物性蛋白来源,含有丰富的氨基酸,但也含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及大豆凝集素等抗营养因子,容易引起犊牛消化功能紊乱,造成营养性腹泻,限制了其在犊牛上的使用量。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,使抗营养因子得到充分的降解,生成的小肽和有机酸有利于犊牛消化吸收和肠道健康,进而提高犊牛断奶日增重和免疫能力,降低犊牛的腹泻率和断奶应激。本文综述了豆粕经过发酵后带来营养价值的变化,并就发酵豆粕在犊牛上的应用进行概述,为其今后在犊牛中的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs     

Zhu Zeng  Yalin Zhang  Jun He  Jie Yu  Xiangbing Mao  Ping Zheng  Yuheng Luo  Junqiu Luo  Zhiqing Huang  Bing Yu  Daiwen Chen 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(2):393

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.  相似文献   

Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal,fish meal,spray‐dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Jin Suk Jeong  Jae Won Park  Sang In Lee  In Ho Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):697-702

This study sought to determine whether fermentation could increase apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) greater than that of soybean meal (SBM) in weaned pigs. Four weaned pigs (10.00 ± 0.30 kg) were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas and randomly followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design of treatments (SBM, FSBM, fish meal and spray‐dried plasma protein). Overall, the fermentation process was able to reduce the amount of anti‐nutritional factors (ANF), including trypsin inhibitors, raffinose and stachyose, in the FSBM diet, which were significantly reduced by 39.4, 92.2, and 92.9%, respectively, as compared to the SBM diet. As a consequence of ANF reduction in FSBM, the AID of DM, N and E as well as AA was significantly greater with FSBM than SBM. Taken all together, the fermentation process improved the nutritional quality of SBM, due to ANF reduction, leading to improvement of digestibility of AA. As such, FSBM can be potentially used as a specialized feed ingredient, especially for young animal diets in an attempt to reduce diet costs.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor meal inclusion in free‐range chickens          下载免费PDF全文

I. Biasato  M. De Marco  L. Rotolo  M. Renna  C. Lussiana  S. Dabbou  M. T. Capucchio  E. Biasibetti  P. Costa  F. Gai  L. Pozzo  D. Dezzutto  S. Bergagna  S. Martínez  M. Tarantola  L. Gasco  A. Schiavone 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(6):1104-1112

Insects are currently being considered as a novel protein source for animal feeds, because they contain a large amount of protein. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TM) have been shown to be an acceptable protein source for broiler chickens in terms of growth performance, but till now, no data on histological or intestinal morphometric features have been reported. This study has had the aim of evaluating the effects of dietary TM inclusion on the performance, welfare, intestinal morphology and histological features of free‐range chickens. A total of 140 medium‐growing hybrid female chickens were free‐range reared and randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: (i) a control group and (ii) a TM group, in which TM meal was included at 75 g/kg. Each group consisted of five pens as replicates, with 14 chicks per pen. Growth performance, haematological and serum parameters and welfare indicators were evaluated, and the animals were slaughtered at the age of 97 days. Two birds per pen (10 birds/treatment) were submitted to histological (liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, kidney, heart, glandular stomach and gut) and morphometric (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) investigations. The inclusion of TM did not affect the growth performance, haematological or serum parameters. The morphometric and histological features were not significantly affected either, thus suggesting no influence on nutrient metabolization, performance or animal health. Glandular stomach alterations (chronic flogosis with epithelial squamous metaplasia) were considered paraphysiological in relation to free‐range farming. The observed chronic intestinal flogosis, with concomitant activation of the lymphoid tissue, was probably due to previous parasitic infections, which are very frequently detected in free‐range chickens. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that yellow mealworm inclusion does not affect the welfare, productive performances or morphological features of free‐range chickens, thus confirming that TM can be used safely in poultry diets.  相似文献   

棕榈粕替代部分玉米对藏羊母羊小肠形态发育、消化酶活性及抗氧化功能的影响     

周力  侯生珍  王志有  杨葆春  韩丽娟  桂林生 《草业学报》2023,32(3):118-127

试验旨在探究精料补充料中使用不同比例棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊肠道组织形态学、消化酶活性、pH、脂多糖以及抗氧化能力的影响。选取初始体重相近且健康的2～3月龄高原型藏羊母羊120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,每组6个重复,每个重复5只母羊,分别饲喂0%、15%、18%和21%水平的棕榈粕替代精料中玉米。试验期97d。结果显示：1)0%组与15%组间小肠各段的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、黏膜厚度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著（P>0.05）;2)0%组空肠的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶及糜蛋白酶显著或极显著小于15%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;3)0%组空肠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著低于15%组与18%组（P<0.05）,相较于21%组差异不显著（P>0.05）;4)18%组与21%组空肠的脂多糖含量显著或极显著高于0%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,与15%组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,棕榈粕可替代部分玉米饲喂藏羊母羊,推荐替代玉米的比例为15%。  相似文献   

功能性杂粮膨化食品的研制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许光映 《农产品加工．学刊》2005,(4):72-73

选用苦荞、燕麦、杂豆等山西特色杂粮为主要原料,有针对性地强化苦荞的黄酮、燕麦膳食纤维等功能性营养因子,研制出可降低血脂、调节血压和润肠通便等专用系列杂粮膨化保健食品。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Physical Characters of soybean in the northeast region of China     

秦智伟  周秀艳  刘宏宇  怀凤涛  焦光纯 《中国农学通报》2005,21(4):133-133

以东北三省86份大豆品种资源为材料,对其与大豆加工适应性有关的物理性状进行分析评价。为东北三省大豆品质育种及选择适于不同加工用途的专用大豆品种提供依据。结果表明：黑龙江省大豆品种的平均表现是发芽率较高,蒸煮大豆硬度低,浸泡大豆的完整率高,破皮和破瓣率较低;吉林省大豆品种的平均表现是原料大豆的完整率高,障碍率低,黄度值较大,浸泡大豆硬度大,石豆率较低;辽宁省大豆品种的平均表现为百粒重大,原料大豆的障碍率高,浸泡和蒸煮大豆的硬度较大,浸泡大豆破皮和破瓣率较高,发芽率、黄度值较低。  相似文献   

玉米大豆间作体系沼液浸种的产量效应分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈颖  王绍旋 《种子》2005,24(8):29-33,66

利用玉米大豆间作体系与主作物玉米沼液浸种相结合,采用三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,进行玉米大豆间作玉米密度、带型配置指数、沼液浸种时间与间作总产量关系的研究.结果表明:玉米密度、带型配置、玉米浸种时间三因子对间作总产量的影响达到极显著水平.沼液浸种时间与玉米密度、沼液浸种时间与带型配置指数;以及玉米密度与带型配置指数间都有一定的互作效应.当玉米密度、带型配置适当,沼液浸种能增加产量,即在玉米大豆间作体系中利用沼液浸种能有效地提高间作总产量.其最佳的实验方案为:玉米密度50 040～52 950株/hm2、带型配置2:4～3:3,玉米沼液浸种时间17.5～25 h时,可更好地发挥玉米大豆间作复合群体的增产效应.  相似文献   

黄淮夏大豆形态性状的遗传研究     

贺春林  薛应离 《华北农学报》1991,6(2):25-29

本文以黄淮地区6个夏大豆品种(系)通过双列杂交保留下来的F_3代材料,研究大豆6个形态性状的遗传特性.结果表明,株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数、主茎荚丛数和茎粗5个性状均符合加性—显性模型.而底荚高则存在非等位基因之间的互作效应.株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数和主茎荚丛数为部分显性,茎粗存在超显性现象.主茎节数和主茎荚丛数可能有相似的遗传特点.豫豆8号大豆带有较多的控制株高的显性基因,油84-30大豆带有较多的控制分枝和茎粗的显性基因,而尖顶大白角大豆控制主茎节数和美丛数的显性基因较多.  相似文献