荧光原位杂交检测野生六出花(Alstroemeria aurea) 染色体命运*   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

周树军 《园艺学报》2002,29(3):255-257

 利用从野生六出花(Alstroemeria aurea) 中分离的一个种特异性串联重复序列(A001-I) 作荧光原位杂交的探针, 检测野生六出花染色体在其一系列杂交后代中的命运。试验结果表明, 除最长的一对染色体外, 该方法能够检测到在其一系列杂种后代中其余7 对染色体是否存在。  相似文献   

山西省蔬菜害虫的发生与防治现状     

张仙红  于桂凤  成志芳  刘彦斌  张长录 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,21(1):95-96

本文对山西省蔬菜害虫发生的种类、分布以及防治状况等进行了调查分析 ,指出了我省目前蔬菜害虫防治中存在的问题 ,并提出了今后蔬菜害虫防治中应采取的有效措施  相似文献   

杉木幼林抚育技术的综合评价和决策   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林开敏  洪伟  俞新妥  黄宝龙 《林业科学》2001,37(5):49-56

本文在全面分析不同抚育技术对杉木生长、群体结构、林地植被物种多样性、生物量、水土流失和抚育成本的影响基础上，运用灰色局势决策理论对不同抚育技术进行多目标决策，结果表明：块状抚育和全垦抚育可提高杉木的保存率，并促进杉木幼林的生长；抚育技术对杉木群体树高和地径结构有一定的影响，尤其是对地径结构；全垦抚育的成本最大，不抚育最小，块状抚育居中；块状抚育有利于形成多层次的林分结构和林地植被物种多样性的提高。综合评价结果表明块状抚育是南方林区较好的杉木幼林抚育方式，它既能有效地减少林地植被对杉木的竞争，保持杉木的正常生长，又能降低抚育成本和保持地力及物种多样性。这对今后指导杉木幼林抚育具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   

一氧化氮对铜、镉胁迫下平邑甜茶幼苗活性氧代谢的影响     

段凯旋  杨洪强  冉昆  姜倩倩  由淑贞 《中国农学通报》2007,23(10):104-109

利用一氧化氮供体硝普纳（sodium nitroprusside,SNP）,研究了一氧化氮对铜、镉胁迫下平邑甜茶幼苗的活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明：在200μM的CuCl2或CdCl2处理下,25～200uM的SNP能够提高平邑甜茶幼苗根系和叶片的SOD,POD活性,降低根系和叶片的超氧阴离子（O-2）产生速率及丙二醛（MDA）含量,表明适当浓度的一氧化氮可以通过提高部分抗氧化酶活性来缓解铜、镉胁迫对平邑甜茶幼苗的伤害。  相似文献   

Plant species richness and composition in managed grasslands: The relative importance of field management and environmental factors     

Sebastian Klimek  Anne Richter gen. Kemmermann  Johannes Isselstein 《Biological conservation》2007,134(4):559-570

Decline of grassland diversity throughout Europe within the last decades is threatening biological diversity and is a major conservation problem. There is an urgent need to determine the underlying factors that control vascular plant species richness and composition in managed grasslands. In this study, 117 grasslands were sampled using standardised methods. Explanatory variables were recorded for each grassland site, reflecting the local field management, site-specific environmental conditions and large-scale spatial trends. Using variation partitioning methods, we determined the pure and shared effects of these three sets of explanatory variables on the plant species richness and composition in grasslands. Most of the explained variation in plant species richness was related to the joint effect of local field management and environmental variables. However, the applied variation partitioning approach revealed that the pure effect of spatial variables contributed relatively little to explaining variation in both the plant species richness and species composition. The largest fractions of explained variation in plant species composition were accounted for by the pure effects of environmental and local field management variables. Moreover, the results revealed that the main mechanisms by which these sets of explanatory variables affect plant species vary according to the type of management regime under study. From our findings we could conclude that particularly a reduction of nitrogen fertilisation on meadows and grazing at a low stocking rate on pastures can help to conserve biodiversity.  相似文献   

Soil nitrogen mineralization not affected by grass species traits     

Maged Ikram Nosshi  Jack Butler 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(5):1031-1039

Species N use traits was evaluated as a mechanism whereby Bromus inermis (Bromus), an established invasive, might alter soil N supply in a Northern mixed-grass prairie. We compared soils under stands of Bromus with those from three representative native grasses of different litter C/N: Andropogon gerardii (Andropogon), Nassella viridula (Nassella) and Pascopyrum smithii (Pascopyrum); in ascending order of litter quality. Net mineralization (per g soil N) measured in year-long laboratory incubations showed no differences in comparisons of Bromus with two of the three native grasses: Andropogon and Nassella. Higher mineralization in Pascopyrum stands relative to Bromus was consistent with its higher litter quality. However, an unusually high occurrence of an N-fixing legume in Pascopyrum stands, potentially favoring high mineralization rates, confounded any conclusions regarding the effects of plant N use on N mineralization. Instead of an initial flush of net mineralization, as would be expected in laboratory incubation, we observed an initial lag phase. This lag in net N mineralization coincided with high microbial activity (respiration) that suggests strong N limitation of the microbial biomass. Further support for the importance of immobilization initially came from modeling mineralization dynamics, which was explained better when we accounted for microbial growth in our model. The absence of strong differences in net mineralization beneath these grasses suggests that differences in plant N use alone were unlikely to influence soil N mineralization through substrate quality, particularly under strong N control of the microbial biomass.  相似文献   

Population viability, ecological processes and biodiversity: Valuing sites for reserve selection     

Anne K. Salomon  Jennifer L. Ruesink 《Biological conservation》2006,128(1):79-92

No-take reserves constitute one tool to improve conservation of marine ecosystems, yet criteria for their placement, size, and arrangement remain uncertain. Representation of biodiversity is necessary in reserve planning, but will ultimately fail for conservation unless factors affecting species’ persistence are also incorporated. This study presents an empirical example of the divergent relationships among multiple metrics used to quantify a site’s conservation value, including those that address representation (habitat type, species richness, species diversity), and others that address ecological processes and viability (density and reproductive capacity of a keystone species, in this case, the black chiton, Katharina tunicata). We characterized 10 rocky intertidal sites across two habitats in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, according to these site metrics. High-richness and high-production sites for K. tunicata were present in both habitat types, but high richness and high-production sites did not overlap. Across sites, species richness ranged from 29 to 46, and adult K. tunicata varied from 6 to 22 individuals m⁻². Adult density was negatively correlated with species richness, a pattern that likely occurs due to post-recruitment growth and survival because no correlation was evident with non-reproductive juveniles. Sites with high adult density also contributed disproportionately greater potential reproductive output (PRO), defined by total gonad mass. PRO varied by a factor of five across sites and was also negatively correlated with species richness. Compromise or relative weighting would be necessary to select valuable sites for conservation because of inherent contradictions among some reserve selection criteria. We suspect that this inconsistency among site metrics will occur more generally in other ecosystems and emphasize the importance of population viability of strongly interacting species.  相似文献   

Mushroom picking does not impair future harvests - results of a long-term study in Switzerland     

Simon Egli  Martina Peter  Werner Stahel 《Biological conservation》2006,129(2):271-276

Forest fungi not only have important functions within the forest ecosystem, but picking their fruit bodies is also a popular past time, as well as a source of income in many developing and developed countries. The expansion of commercial harvesting in many parts of the world has led to widespread concern about overharvesting and possible damage to fungal resources. In 1975, we started a field research project to investigate the effects of mushroom picking on fruit body occurrence. The three treatments applied were the harvesting techniques picking and cutting, and the concomitant trampling of the forest floor. The results reveal that, contrary to expectations, long-term and systematic harvesting reduces neither the future yields of fruit bodies nor the species richness of wild forest fungi, irrespective of whether the harvesting technique was picking or cutting. Forest floor trampling does, however, reduce fruit body numbers, but our data show no evidence that trampling damaged the soil mycelia in the studied time period.  相似文献   

Commercialized European bumblebee can cause pollination disturbance: An experiment on seven native plant species in Japan     

Tanaka Kenta  Naoki Inari  Koichi Goka 《Biological conservation》2007,134(3):298-309

Non-native pollinator species are now widely utilized to facilitate pollination of agricultural crops. Evaluation of the ecological risk of alien pollinators is necessary because they could have a large impact on native ecosystems through disturbing native plant-pollinator interactions. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the impact of the non-native commercialized European bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, on the pollination success of seven Japanese bumblebee-pollinated plant species. Plants were exposed to three groups of bumblebees: native bumblebee(s) only (NATIVE treatment); the alien bee only (ALIEN) and a mix of the two (MIX). ALIEN treatment had negative effects on fruitset and/or fruit quality of five plants, including self-incompatible and compatible, herb and woody, and queen- and worker-pollinated species. The negative effects were caused by a decrease in legitimate flower visitation due to (1) physical inaccessibility to nectary in deep-corolla flowers by the alien bee with insufficient tongue length and, (2) biased flower preference between short-corolla flowers. Fruitset tended to decrease drastically for the self-incompatible species while fruit quality decreased moderately for the self-compatible species. Effects of MIX were not intermediate between NATIVE and ALIEN in most plant species, and caused pollination success to vary in an unpredictable manner amongst plant species, probably due to interaction between native and alien bees. This non-linear relationship between plants’ pollination success and the relative density of the alien suggests that the alien bee can disturb pollination of a plant species even when only representing a small fraction of the total pollinator community.  相似文献   

Conservation of Northern European plant diversity: the correspondence with soil pH     

Meelis Prtel  Aveliina Helm  Nele Ingerpuu  Ülle Reier  Eva-Liis Tuvi 《Biological conservation》2004,120(4):525-531

Effective biodiversity conservation requires an analysis of the existing reserve system. In temperate and boreal regions, plant diversity has a strong positive association with soil pH. Consequently, in order to protect plant diversity effectively, a relatively large proportion of protected areas should be on high pH soils. Since biodiversity data are never complete for all taxa, biodiversity indicators, e.g., threatened species, should be used. We studied soil pH distributions in protected areas in Northern Europe and tested whether soil pH requirement differs between threatened and non-threatened bryophyte and vascular plant species. As result, the proportion of high pH soils in protected areas was significantly greater than the proportion of these soils in general. This ensures that a large regional pool of plant species preferring high pH soils is relatively well protected. Threatened and non-threatened species in Northern Europe did not differ in their soil pH requirements, but threatened species required a narrower soil pH range than non-threatened species. Consequently, threatened species diversity can be used for indicating overall plant diversity.  相似文献