盐胁迫对小麦代换系光合性状的影响及染色体效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

靖姣姣  路斌  杜欢  张颖  白志英  李存东 《麦类作物学报》2016,36(9):1147-1152

为了选育小麦耐盐基因型,以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,设置对照(0mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)和盐胁迫(150mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)2个处理,通过测定不同处理条件下代换系幼苗比叶重、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量及光合速率的变化,探讨盐胁迫对小麦代换系幼苗光合性状的影响,并对其调控相关特性的基因进行染色体定位。结果表明,盐胁迫导致多数小麦代换系叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、比叶重、光合速率降低;盐胁迫条件下,Synthetic 6x的2D染色体上可能存在诱导比叶重升高的基因,1A、5A、7A、2B、3B、5B、6B和6D染色体上可能存在诱导叶绿素含量增加的基因,1A、4A、7A和5B染色体上可能存在诱导类胡萝卜素含量增加的基因,1A和7D染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗光合速率增强的基因,即Synthetic 6x的1A染色体上可能存在调控光合特性的关键基因。  相似文献   

CD31可作为分离纯化猪肝窦内皮细胞的标记分子     

魏静  石宁宁  冯冲  曾国敏  李西睿  龙川  杜敏杰  臧荣鑫  潘登科 《农业生物技术学报》2016,(8):1259-1266

血小板-内皮细胞粘附分子(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1,CD31)是内皮细胞表面一种重要的膜分子,常作为特异性标记鉴定内皮细胞.然而,CD31是否可作为纯化猪(Sus scrofa)肝窦内皮细胞(porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cell,pLSEC)的特异性标记还有待验证.本实验通过CD31流式分选分离纯化pLSEC,观察分离后的pLSEC是否具有标志性的窗孔结构.以α-1,3-半乳糖苷转移酶基因敲除(α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout,GTKO)的五指山小型猪为研究材料,采用胶原酶原位肝脏灌注、离体消化,Percoll梯度离心,异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)-CD31标记pLSEC进行流式分选.结果表明,分离得到的pLSEC在倒置显微镜下细胞呈典型的内皮细胞形态,铺路石样排列;通过透射电镜观察到细胞具有窗孔结构,通过环境扫描电镜观察到pLSEC与猪主动脉内皮细胞(porcine arterial endothelial cell,pAEC)细胞表面结构具有明显区别,pLSEC具有特殊的窗孔结构.利用实时荧光定量PCR检测pLSEC、pAEC和猪耳成纤维细胞(porcine ear fibroblast cell,pEFC)的CD31、细胞粘附因子(cell adhesion molecules,CD146)、血友病因子Ⅷ基因(hemophilia factorⅧ,Ⅷ-F)、血管性血友病因子基因(von willebrand factor,vWF)的表达.结果表明,pLSEC的CD31、CD146、Ⅷ-F和vWF表达量显著高于pAEC和pEFC.利用免疫荧光法检测到pLSEC具有摄取细胞膜红色荧光探针(1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate,DiI)标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白(acetylated low density lipoprotein,Ac-LDL)的内吞功能.总之,利用CD31分离纯化的pLSEC,具有典型窗孔结构和内吞功能,同时高表达CD146、Ⅷ-F和vWF等肝窦内皮细胞的标记分子,为进一步研究异种肝移植的血小板减少症的问题提供了良好的细胞材料.  相似文献   

投喂频率对虎龙斑摄食?生长?饲料转化率的影响     

吴永丽  黄建彪  马细兰  洪宇建  林瑞敏  周立斌 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(27)

[目的]研究投喂频率对虎龙斑摄食、生长和饲料转化率等指标的影响。[方法]试验共设置5个处理组,对平均始重(6.42±1.09)g的虎龙斑(Hulong grouper)进行不同频率的投喂,研究不同投喂频率对虎龙斑摄食率、生长和饲料转化率等指标的影响。[结果]投喂频率对虎龙斑存活的影响较大,投喂频率对虎龙斑的摄食率(Feeding rate,FR)和饲料转化率(Feed conversion rate,FCR)有显著影响(P0.05),但是投喂频率对虎龙斑末重的影响不显著(P0.05)。[结论]该研究结果可为虎龙斑的科学养殖管理提供理论依据。  相似文献   

观赏桃植物空间营造探析     

魏理树 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(27):187-190

植物空间营造是植物造景的重要组成部分。笔者以观赏桃为研究对象,介绍了观赏桃的不同树形与品种,并将观赏桃的空间形态限定要素概括为基面、竖向分隔面及覆盖面,进而从空间体量与尺度、空间形状与比例、空间通透度、空间实体景观的艺术处理4个方面研究观赏桃空间营造手法。详细探讨了观赏桃适宜的空间尺度、观赏距离和植物高度比值,全围合、半围合和焦点型观赏桃植物空间的围合方式,以及高低错落、疏密有致的观赏桃空间立面设计思路,最后从主从与重点、对比与协调、均衡与稳定、比例与尺度、韵律与节奏5个方面总结了观赏桃多样统一的空间实体景观艺术处理手法,以期为其他植物景观的营造提供参考。  相似文献   

菁松皓月的种性维持及系统改良     

张学明  张庆芳  陶涛  周金钱  王章娥 《蚕桑通报》2009,40(1):21-24

本文通过对浙江省蚕种公司和中国农业科学院蚕业研究所提供的菁松、皓月品种的原原种和杂交种27年的历年饲育成绩和经济性状分析,认为菁松、皓月的主要经济性状没有改变,仍保持推广初期的饲育成绩水平,且某些经济眭状有所提高;同时阐述了菁松、皓月品种的种性维持及系统改良的方法和经验。  相似文献   

Specific gravity responses of slash and loblolly pine following mid-rotation fertilization     

Kimberly R. Love-Myers  Alexander Clark III  Laurence R. Schimleck  Eric J. Jokela  Richard F. Daniels 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Wood quality attributes were examined in six stands of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the lower Coastal Plain of Georgia and Florida. Several plots comprised each stand, and each plot was divided so that it received three fertilizer treatments: a control treatment with herbaceous weed control at planting and brush control at mid-rotation only (control); 45 kg ha⁻¹ N + 56 kg ha⁻¹ P + herbaceous weed control at planting and 224 kg ha⁻¹ N + 45 kg ha⁻¹ P + brush control at mid-rotation (fertilizer with N at planting); and 56 kg ha⁻¹ P + herbaceous weed control at planting and 224 kg ha⁻¹ N + 45 kg ha⁻¹ P + brush control at mid-rotation (fertilizer without N at planting). Ring width, ring earlywood specific gravity (SG), ring latewood SG, whole ring SG, and ring percent latewood were measured on each of seven trees. Of these measurements, this study focused mainly on the properties related to SG. Examination of the rings showed that latewood SG was significantly lower in trees treated with fertilizers with and without N at planting in the two to three years following fertilization, but that latewood SG gradually returned to a level similar to the control. Fertilizer without N at planting may also have had a brief negative effect on earlywood SG following mid-rotation fertilization, but it was not as clear or lasting as the effect on latewood SG. Additionally, although slash and loblolly pine appear to differ in the developmental patterns of these SG properties, there were no significant differences in how these patterns interacted with treatment. This study demonstrated that fertilization treatments have similar short-term effects on the SG of slash and loblolly pines, particularly in latewood, but the trees will return to a SG pattern consistent with unfertilized trees within two or three years.  相似文献   

Specific adaptation of barley varieties in different locations in Ethiopia     

Fetien Abay  Asmund Bjørnstad 《Euphytica》2009,167(2):181-195

Barley is one of the most important cereal crops grown for the livelihoods of the poor farmers of Tigray region in northern Ethiopia. As many low input and marginal environments it has benefited less from the yield increases achieved by modern breeding. This has been largely attributed due to genotype × environment intraction (GEI). To investigate the causes of GEI, ten barley varieties including local checks (two farmers developed varieties, four modern varieties and three rare local varieties) were tested over 21 environments. Participatory methods were applied to sample an adequate number of environments spanning the regional diversity. The yielding ability and stability of the varieties was graphically depicted by GGE and PLSR biplot. There were two major groups of environments, the central and northern highlands, the latter with less rainfall and poorer soils. Rainfall per month and total nitrogen level were the environmental variables that differentiated these two groups. In Tigray, rainfall in June and July were negatively correlated with yield, reflecting waterlogging problems. The different varieties were either specifically or widely adapted across the two environments. The variety ‘Himblil’, originating in Tigray, was the highest yielding and also most stable in the region of origin. However, it was inferior to improved varieties (Shege and Dimtu) at high yield levels. The association of earliness with grain yield indicates that the trait can be effectively manipulated within the existing materials. We recommend breeding for drought/water logging resistance based on selection in the target environment as the best strategy to provide stable and high yielding varieties for Tigray.  相似文献   

阿夫及其衍生小麦品种（系）的SSR分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

司清林  刘新伦  刘智奎  王长有  吉万全 《作物学报》2009,35(4):615-619

为了研究小麦骨干亲本阿夫(Funo)遗传物质在其衍生品种(系)的传递规律,用247对SSR引物对阿夫和8个阿夫子一代衍生品种(系)的亲本进行分析,发现有3个标记Xwmc398 (178 bp, 151 bp)、Xgwm400(180 bp, 149 bp)和Xgwm268(191 bp)在阿夫上有稳定、清晰的特异带。以筛选的特异引物对5个阿夫系选品种和255个阿夫衍生品种(系)进行了SSR分析。结果表明,Xwmc398在5个系选品种中均有阿夫的特异带,而Xgwm400只在安选2号,Xgwm268只在扬麦1号具有阿夫特异带。Xwmc398在阿夫子一代至子六代衍生品种(系)中的遗传频率分别为52.8%、38.4%、16.7%、0.0%、0.0%和0.0%, 平均为32.2%;Xgwm400的相应遗传频率分别为32.1%、19.2%、41.7%、33.3%、20.0%和0.0%,平均为26.7%;Xgwm268的相应传递率分别为22.6%、34.4%、11.1%、12.1%、0.0%和0.0%,平均为24.7%。表明SSR位点Xwmc398、Xgwm400和Xgwm268在阿夫衍生品种(系)中有明显的传递。  相似文献   

黄淮地区大豆重要亲本间产量的杂种优势、配合力及其遗传基础   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

杨加银  盖钧镒 《作物学报》2009,35(4):620-630

2003-2005年以选自黄淮地区及美国的8个大豆重要亲本品种(系)及其组配的28个双列杂交组合为材料, 分析大豆亲本间的产量杂种优势及其配合力, 探讨高优势组合的遗传基础, 包括杂种优势与亲本系数、SSR标记遗传距离的相关。结果表明: (1)黄淮地区大豆亲本间存在产量超亲优势, 平均20.39%, 组合间差异甚大, 变幅–5.34%~76.88%, 优选出豫豆22×晋豆27、淮豆4号×晋豆27、诱变30×蒙90-24, 超亲优势分别为76.88%、29.90%和34.42%, 超标率均在25.00%以上, 晋豆27和诱变30为优秀亲本材料。单株荚数及单株粒数的优势和产量优势相对一致;(2) 大豆亲本间产量杂种优势既与双亲一般配合力之和及特殊配合力有关, 又不完全相关。高优势高产组合的亲本产量配合力特点为亲本之一具有较高的一般配合力, 或双亲具有较高的一般配合力之和, 兼有较高的特殊配合力。单株荚数和单株粒数的情况和产量一致;(3) 按亲本系数聚类和按SSR标记遗传相似系数聚类揭示的8个亲本间的遗传关系相对一致, 均分为两组, 一组包含6个黄淮中、南部品种(系), 另一组包含1个山西和1个美国品种。要获得高优势高产组合, 亲本间必须具有一定的遗传距离, 但遗传距离大并不一定都高产高优势, 还有其他因素决定杂种优势。  相似文献   

青海主要乔木林生态系统公益的评估     

张毓  蔡振媛 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(27):13322-13323

以青海省主要乔木林生态系统为研究对象,根据2004～2006年青海省森林资源规划设计调查资料及森林生态系统公益资料计算了青海主要乔木林生态系统公益价值。结果表明：青海省乔木林生态系统公益总价值每年约为1．47亿美元,其中以森林气候控制的贡献最大,约占28．35％,而原材料的贡献仅为8．54％;在森林的3大效益中,生态效益的价值是经济价值的3．05倍,反映出森林生态系统公益的显著性。研究发现,各类乔木林生态系统公益总价值与其蓄积量之间存在显著线性正相关关系（R2=0．744,P〈0．001）,这对于简化生态系统公益价值的评估具有重要意义。  相似文献