不同还田方式对玉米秸秆腐解及土壤养分含量的影响   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

田平  姜英  孙悦  马梓淇  隋鹏祥  梅楠  齐华 《中国生态农业学报》2019,27(1):100-108

通过土壤耕作和秸秆还田试验,以玉米秸秆为研究对象,探讨东北棕壤土区适宜的秸秆还田方式,为秸秆资源的高效利用提供理论依据。在辽宁沈阳设置连续两年（2014-2015年）的田间定位试验,采用尼龙网袋法研究免耕覆盖（NTS）、旋耕还田（RTS）和翻耕还田（PTS）3种秸秆还田方式下秸秆腐解率和碳氮磷钾养分释放率,分析秸秆还田方式对耕层土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,RTS和PTS秸秆腐解速率均表现为前期快、后期慢,秸秆养分释放率均表现为钾 > 磷 > 碳 > 氮。NTS、RTS和PTS处理秸秆两年平均腐解率分别为38.8%、78.0%、65.9%,两年平均碳释放率分别为56.5%、78.8%、69.4%,氮释放率为16.7%、53.5%、38.8%,磷释放率为81.3%、92.5%、89.8%,钾释放率为92.0%、99.4%、98.9%。NTS处理秸秆腐解率及碳氮释放率与还田时间符合逻辑斯蒂曲线方程,RTS和PTS处理秸秆腐解率、碳氮释放率及3种还田方式秸秆磷钾释放率随还田时间变化符合米氏方程。秸秆还田有助于提高耕层土壤有机碳和全氮含量,RTS处理土壤全磷含量显著高于PTS处理（P<0.05）,与NTS处理全磷含量差异不显著,3种还田方式土壤全钾含量差异不显著。综合分析秸秆腐解和耕层土壤培肥效果,东北棕壤土区建议玉米秸秆还田方式为旋耕秸秆还田。  相似文献   

Faster residue decomposition of brittle stem rice mutant due to finer breakage during threshing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dinah M.S. Cabiles  Olivyn R. Angeles  Sarah E. Johnson-Beebout  Pearl B. Sanchez  Roland J. Buresh 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,98(2):211-216

In intensive tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping systems with short fallows, it would be advantageous that rice straw decompose fast enough to facilitate land preparation and planting of the subsequent crop. The straw of a brittle stem rice mutant of IR68 was tested for more rapid decomposition compared with non-brittle IR68 straw. The hypothesis was that the brittle mutant straw would break into smaller pieces during threshing, and that both the smaller piece size and the differences in biochemical straw composition would enable more rapid decomposition. Brittle straw broke into smaller pieces than non-brittle straw during a replicated trial of three threshing methods: hand threshing, pedal threshing, and axial-flow machine threshing. In a litter bag study to determine the effect of straw piece size on decomposition rate of each straw type over 10 weeks, smaller straw pieces decomposed faster than larger pieces as indicated by changes in amount of straw and its C/N ratio over time (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between straw types at the same size. It was concluded that the finer breakage of brittle straw during field operations is likely to be more important than the biochemical differences in overall residue decomposition rate.  相似文献   

连茬栽培对人工营养土理化性质及番茄产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

XU Hui  任美霖  LI Tian-lai  唐鹏  LIU Zhen-dong  武岩 《土壤通报》2008,39(4)

通过利用当地的玉米秸秆为主要材料与土壤、草炭分别按不同的比例配制的人工营养土与土壤做比较,通过物理化学的方法检测所配人工营养土的营养成分、物理化学特性的好坏,并在日光温室内对番茄进行试验,研究所配制的人工营养土对番茄的生长发育、产量和各种品质的影响。研究结果表明,人工营养土栽培可以在很大程度上改善番茄植株的产量。在本试验所做的四个处理中,处理B:土:玉米秸秆=1:2+鸡粪(15kgm-3)和处理D:草炭:玉米秸秆=1:2+鸡粪(15kgm-3)的处理效果较好,考虑到经济和节省资源等因素,建议在生产中应用处理B:土:玉米秸秆=1:2+鸡粪(15kgm-3)。  相似文献   

耕作方式和秸秆还田对直播稻田土壤理化性质及其产量的影响   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

李凤博  牛永志  高文玲  刘金根  卞新民 《土壤通报》2008,39(3)

通过田间试验和土壤理化性质的分析,探讨秸秆还田和土壤耕作方式对直播稻田土壤理化性质和产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田使土壤的容重和坚实度降低,总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度升高,同时提高土壤各层的有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量;深耕有利于培肥地力,增加土壤养分含量。不同土壤耕作深度和秸秆还田量对产量影响差异不显著,但农田的可持续发展能力得到了一定提高,同时,秸秆还田还能减少焚烧事件的发生,改善农村生态环境,实现农业清洁生产。  相似文献   

稻田土壤微生物残体积累对外源秸秆输入的响应研究进展     

卢孟雅  丁雪丽 《土壤》2024,56(1):10-18

稻田土壤碳循环是我国陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分。促进稻田生态系统碳的固定及稳定对减缓全球气候变化起着不容忽视的作用。微生物主导的有机碳转化过程是土壤碳循环研究的核心,微生物同化代谢介导的细胞残体迭代积累在土壤有机碳长期截获和稳定过程中发挥重要作用。与旱地土壤相比,关于稻田土壤中微生物残体积累动态对外源有机物质如作物秸秆输入的响应及主要影响因子的认识还相对有限,对微生物通过同化作用参与土壤固碳的过程和机制尚缺乏系统认识。基于此,本文介绍了微生物残体对土壤有机碳库形成和积累的重要性及评价指标,重点探讨了秸秆还田对稻田土壤微生物残体积累动态以及外源秸秆碳形成细胞残体转化过程的影响,分析了影响微生物残体积累转化的主要气候因素和土壤因素,最后提出了未来应借助先进的光谱和高分辨率成像技术并结合同位素示踪对微生物残体的稳定性与机理开展更为深入的研究。  相似文献   

Efficiency of wheat straw mulching in reducing soil and water losses from three typical soils of the Loess Plateau,China     

《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2019,7(4):335-345

Mulching the soil surface with a layer of plant residue is considered an effective method of conserving water and soil because it increases water infiltration into the soil, reduces surface runoff and the soil erosion, and reduces flow velocity and the sediment carrying capacity of overland flow. However, application of plant residues increases operational costs and so optimal levels of mulch in order to prevent soil and/or water losses should be used according to the soil type and rainfall and slope conditions. In this study, the effect of wheat straw mulch rate on the total runoff and total soil losses from 60-mm simulated rainstorms was assessed for two intensive rainfalls (90 and 180 mm h⁻¹) on three slope gradients typical conditions on the Loess Plateau of China and elsewhere. For short slopes (1 m), the optimal mulch rate to save water for a silt loam and a loam soil was 0.4 kg m⁻². However, for a clay loam soil the mulch rate of 0.4 kg m⁻² would be optimal only under the 90 mm h⁻¹ rainfall; 0.8 kg m⁻² was required for the 180 mm h⁻¹. In order to save soil, a mulch rate of 0.2 kg m⁻² on the silt loam slopes prevented 60%–80% of the soil losses. For the loam soil, mulch at the rate of 0.4 kg m⁻² was essential in most cases in order to reduce soil losses substantially. For the clay loam, 0.4 kg m⁻² may be optimal under the 90 mm h⁻¹ rain, but 0.8 kg m⁻² may be required for the 180 mm h⁻¹ rainstorm. These optimal values would also need to be considered alongside other factors since the mulch may have value if used elsewhere. Hence doubling the optimal mulch rate for the silt loam soil from 0.2 kg m⁻² or the clay loam soil under 90 mm h⁻¹ rainfall from 0.4 kg m⁻² in order to achieve a further 10% reduction in soil loss needs to be assessed in that context. Therefore, Optimal mulch rate can be an effective approach to virtually reduce costs or to maximize the area that can be treated. Meantime, soil conservationist should be aware that levels of mulch for short slopes might not be suitable for long slopes.  相似文献   

盐城市农业废弃物资源化利用的现状、存在问题及建议     

王亚杰  倪圣亚  薛民琪  陆胜龙  任彬  徐红  王志春 《大麦与谷类科学》2020,(2):39-41,44

为治理农村污染,农业部明确了“一控、两减、三基本”的目标,主要是通过资源化利用的办法从根本上“控制农业用水的总量,减少化肥农药的施用总量,解决畜禽养殖污染、地膜回收和秸秆焚烧等问题”。阐述总结盐城市农作物秸秆能源化、肥料化、基料化、饲料化和工业原料化方面的利用,畜禽水产养殖污染治理和农业投入品等废弃物资源利用的进展,分析目前存在的问题,并提出下一阶段的工作建议。  相似文献   

栽培方式对马铃薯产量和品质的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王如平  张军  万靓军  刘娟  谢兆伟  徐顺飞 《中国蔬菜》2008,1(11):30-32

以马铃薯郑薯6号为材料,进行4种不同栽培方式的比较试验,探讨不同栽培方式对其生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,以垄栽覆盖地膜方式马铃薯的出苗率最高,成熟期最早,植株最高,分枝数最多;但茎粗、叶面积指数、匍匐茎长、产量和单株生物学产量则以浅旋耕覆盖稻草方式最高;商品薯率以传统垄栽方式最高。不同栽培方式下,除蛋白质含量外,马铃薯的干物质、淀粉、还原糖以及VC含量等品质指标均以浅旋耕覆盖稻草方式最高。因此,生产上采用浅旋耕覆盖稻草栽培方式,有利于提高马铃薯的产量和品质。  相似文献   

旱地冬小麦渗水地膜全覆盖穴播试验   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

姚建民  王海存 《山西农业科学》1998,26(1):7-10

旱地冬小麦渗水地膜全覆盖穴播试验表明,渗水地膜覆盖的土壤含水量明显高于常规地膜覆盖的含水量;渗水地膜在显著提高地温的同时可以降低午时的极端高温;渗水地膜覆盖的冬小麦比常规地膜覆盖的冬小麦平均增产15．7％,比不覆盖小麦增产102．2％。  相似文献   

祁连山东端封山育林效果初步分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李耀山  张有万  杜长有 《西北林学院学报》1999,14(2):29-32

通过对祁连山东端17块具有代表性的封育地与封育前及对照区的天然更新、幼树高生长、灌木高度、盖度进行对比分析,得出了封山育林效果显著的结论,并运用森林群落演替理论对试验结果进行了论证,从而说明封山育林是发展祁连山水源涵养林的一项重要而有效的措施.  相似文献