排序方式： 共有57条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
试验用黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、乳白耙菌(Irpex lacteus)、虫拟蜡菌(Ceriporiopsis subvermispora)3种白腐真菌及其混合菌对柳枝稷进行预处理,研究白腐真菌种类、时间、温度、水分、菌液量对柳枝稷降解的影响,为柳枝稷的生物预处理及利用提供理论依据。结果表明:黄孢原毛平革菌、乳白耙菌和虫拟蜡菌两两之间均无拮抗反应,可以相互混合生长;当温度为28°C,加水5mL,菌液量为1mL时,混合真菌对木质素的降解与单一白腐真菌相比并没有优势,在3种白腐真菌中,乳白耙菌效果最好,几乎不降解纤维素,并且在第20天时木质素降解率达到最高为36.63%;当改变条件时,发现温度为28°C,水分为5mL,菌液量为3mL是乳白耙菌对柳枝稷进行预处理20d效果最好的条件,此时木质素降解率最高为63.45%,半纤维素降解率为24.82%,而纤维素和空白组差异不显著。因此,在三种白腐真菌中,乳白耙菌对柳枝稷的预处理效果最好,木质素降解率最高,半纤维素略有降解,而且几乎不降解纤维素。 相似文献
32.
为探索柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum）幼穗分化过程与规律,以柳枝稷低地型品种"Alamo"为材料,对其幼穗分化过程进行显微观察并记录对应大田植株形态。结果发现：柳枝稷幼穗分化是一个慢-快-慢的过程,可分为9个连续的时期：苞原基分化期、枝梗原基分化期、小穗分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、药隔形成期、花药四分期、花药伸长期、羽状柱头形成期,每个时期均具有与之对应的植株外观形态以供判别分化进程。柳枝稷幼穗分化起始至分化完全历时约3个月,植株历经拔节、孕穗、抽穗而开花,花序从上到下依次开花,花期可达3~4周。 相似文献
33.
柳枝稷是多年生禾本科植物,因生物量巨大可生产燃料乙醇而作为能源作物被广泛研究和应用。分蘖是直接影响禾本科植物生物量的主要因素,分蘖的数量由分蘖芽的分化和伸长共同决定。分蘖芽的分化和伸长过程受植物激素和外界环境等多种内在和外界因素共同调控。本研究对一个由EMS诱变获得的少分蘖突变体lt进行生理生化和分子机理研究。结果表明,与对照相比,突变体lt分蘖数目减少,腋芽伸长速度减缓;lt地上部分对重力响应减弱;lt体内生长素、脱落酸和独脚金内酯的含量增加;同时,lt突变体中独脚金内酯途径的基因表达水平增加。由此说明柳枝稷突变体lt分蘖发育的过程中受到了生长素、脱落酸和独脚金内酯的共同调控。该研究可为提高柳枝稷生物产量提供理论基础。 相似文献
34.
The production-oriented agricultural system of Midwestern United States has caused environmental problems such as soil degradation and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution of water. Riparian buffers have been shown to reduce the impacts of NPS pollutants on stream water quality through the enhancement of riparian zone soil quality. The objective of this study was to compare soil-water infiltration in a Coland soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquoll) under multi-species riparian buffer vegetation with that of cultivated fields and a grazed pasture. Eight infiltration measurements were made, in each of six treatments. Bulk density, antecedent soil moisture, and particle size were also examined. The average 60-min cumulative infiltration was five times greater under the buffers than under the cultivated field and pasture. Cumulative infiltration in the multi-species riparian buffer was in the order of silver maple > grass filter > switchgrass. Cumulative infiltration did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) among corn and soybean crop fields and the pasture. Soil bulk densities under the multi-species buffer vegetation were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than in the crop fields and the pasture. Other measured parameters did not show consistent trends. Thus, when using infiltration as an index, the established multi-species buffer vegetation seemed to improve soil quality after six years.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
35.
Biomass, carbon and nitrogen dynamics of multi-species riparian buffers within an agricultural watershed in Iowa, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study was conducted to determine biomass dynamics, carbon sequestration and plant nitrogen immobilization in multispecies riparian buffers, cool-season grass buffers and adjacent crop fields in central Iowa. The seven-year-old multispecies buffers were composed of poplar (Populus×euroamericana Eugenei) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The cool-season grass buffers were dominated by non-native forage grasses (Bromus inermis Leysser., Phleum pratense L. and Poa pratensis L). Crop fields were under an annual corn-soybean rotation. Aboveground non-woody live and dead biomass were determined by direct harvests throughout two growing seasons. The dynamics of fine (0–2 mm) and small roots (2–5 mm) were assessed by sequentially collecting 35 cm deep, 5.4 cm diameter cores (125 cm deep cores in the second year) from April through November. Biomass of poplar trees was estimated using allometric equations developed by destructive sampling of trees. Poplar had the greatest aboveground live biomass, N and C pools, while switchgrass had the highest mean aboveground dead biomass, C and N pools. Over the two-year sampling period, live fine root biomass and root C and N in the riparian buffers were significantly greater than in crop fields. Growing-season mean biomass, C and N pools were greater in the multispecies buffer than in either of the crop fields or cool-season grass buffers. Rates of C accumulation in plant and litter biomass in the planted poplar and switchgrass stands averaged 2960 and 820 kg C ha–1 y–1, respectively. Nitrogen immobilization rates in the poplar stands and switchgrass sites averaged 37 and 16 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively. Planted riparian buffers containing native perennial species therefore have the potential to sequester C from the atmosphere, and to immobilize N in biomass, therefore slowing or preventing N losses to the atmosphere and to ground and surface waters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
36.
盐分和土壤含水量对营养生长期柳枝稷的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为了明确柳枝稷对盐渍化边际土地的适应性,采用再裂区试验设计,分别以北京潮褐土和兰州灰钙土为土壤基质,用盆栽土培法研究了土壤盐分类型、盐分浓度和土壤含水量对营养生长期柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L. cv. Alamo)生长特性的影响.结果表明:柳枝稷生长对于土壤盐渍化的响应方式受盐分类型、盐分浓度、土壤含水量和土壤类型等多种因素影响.对于以北京潮褐土,柳枝稷对不同盐分类型的适应能力由强到弱依次为:重碳酸盐>硫酸盐>氯盐;对于以兰州灰钙土,由强到弱依次为:硫酸盐>重碳酸盐>氯盐.以柳枝稷生物量为衡量指标,各盐分类型的适宜浓度范围分别为重碳酸盐≤0.4%,硫酸盐≤0.6%,氯化盐≤0.2%. 相似文献
37.
通过设置750 m~3/hm~2(W1)、1 500 m~3/hm~2(W2)、3 000 m~3/hm~2(W3)3个灌水及施氮0 kg/hm~2(F0)、60 kg/hm~2(F1)、120 kg/hm~2(F2)、240 kg/hm~2(F3)4个水平,研究水氮对盐碱地柳枝稷光合生理特性及生物质产量的影响。结果表明:施氮和灌水对盐碱地0～20 cm土层土壤含水率影响显著,20～40cm土层土壤含水率主要受到氮肥影响;灌水量和施氮量同时影响叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及生物质产量,表现为:水分效应水氮耦合效应氮肥效应,氮肥的增效作用在到达一定程度后将不再增加;相关性分析表明柳枝稷生物质产量与开花期光合指标呈显著正相关关系。银北盐碱地区,高水中氮条件下(灌水量3 000 m~3/hm~2、施氮量120 kg/hm~2)有利于提高柳枝稷开花期叶绿素含量,促进叶片光合作用,从而获得较高的生物质产量。 相似文献
38.
柳枝稷根系垂直分布及植株生长对土壤盐分类型的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用土柱法研究了土壤NaCl(0.40%)、Na2SO4(0.80%)和NaHCO3(0.80%)胁迫对建植当年柳枝稷(Pani-cum virgatum L.)根系垂直分布和植株生长的影响,以期明确不同盐分胁迫下柳枝稷的响应机制,为其在盐渍土地上的栽培管理提供理论依据。结果表明:盐土条件下,柳枝稷的倒三叶尺寸、叶绿素a含量、地上和地下生物量、总生物量、籽粒产量和根冠比均显著低于对照(无盐处理),叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量增加,对总根长、根表面积和根体积的抑制作用显著。土壤盐分类型为NaCl时,柳枝稷的株高与CK差异不显著,根系生物量重心上移至23 cm(CK为50 cm),根系集中分布在0～40 cm土层;土壤盐分类型为Na2SO4时,根系生物量重心上移至38 cm,根系分布在0～120 cm土层范围内,且随着土层深度的增加而逐渐减少;土壤盐分类型为NaHCO3时,根系生物量重心上移至18 cm,根系集中分布在0～80 cm土层。NaCl和NaHCO3对柳枝稷根系向下延伸的影响较大,而Na2SO4对根系向下延伸的影响较小。 相似文献
39.
为了明确柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L.cv.Alamo)对土壤水分垂直分布条件的适应性、根系分布规律及生长特点,以便更好地确立根区水分最优调控措施,采用土柱法研究了不同土壤水分垂直分布特征对建植当年柳枝稷地上植株和根系指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,0~60 cm和0~120 cm土层土壤体积含水量低于10%时,除地上生物量和籽粒产量差异不显著外,其他指标均有显著差异(P<0.05),其中倒三叶长度分别降低12.5%和22.1%、宽度分别降低5.7%和18.4%、总叶绿素含量分别降低7.5%和10.6%、地下生物量分别降低56.5%和58.6%、根长分别降低41.0%和40.7%、根表面积分别降低45.6%和49.4%、根体积分别降低51.1%和56.0%,但地上生物量的水分利用效率分别提高17.5%和88.5%。表层0~60 cm灌水条件下,柳枝稷的根长、根表面积、地上生物量、籽粒产量和各土层根系生物量与对照差异不显著,但地上生物量的水分利用效率提高了111.0%。随着灌水层深度的增加,根系的生物量重心由62.9 cm(CK)下降至71.2 cm,不同直径的根系表现出了不同的适应情况。 相似文献
40.
施氮量对柳枝稷生物质产量和水肥利用特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在黄土高原半干旱地区,以能源作物柳枝稷为材料,通过田间试验,研究不同施氮量(0、60、120和240kg/hm2)对柳枝稷生物质生产和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:施氮显著提高柳枝稷生物质产量,当施氮量为120kg/hm2时柳枝稷生物质产量最高;施氮显著增加柳枝稷耗水量,在一定程度上降低土壤含水量,但显著提高水分利用效率;施氮显著提高柳枝稷生物质中氮质量分数和吸氮量,但施氮量超过120kg/hm2后,继续增加施氮量则不能显著增加植株对氮素的吸收积累;柳枝稷氮肥利用效率随氮肥用量增加而降低。可见,施氮量60~120kg/hm2既能保证柳枝稷较高的生物质产量,又能保证较高的水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率。 相似文献