Molecular detection of sugarcane striate virus and sugarcane white streak virus and their prevalence in the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses     

Wardatou Boukari  Denis Filloux  Jean Heinrich Daugrois  Emmanuel Fernandez  Dimitre Mollov  Claudia Kaye  Martha Hincapie  Alexander Sanchez  Jianping Wang  Philippe Roumagnac  Philippe Rott 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1060-1069

Viruses in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae), including those infecting sugarcane, have natural geographical ranges almost exclusively restricted to Africa and the Indian Ocean islands off the African coast. Only sugarcane white streak virus (SWSV) in Barbados and sugarcane striate virus (SStrV) in Florida and Guadeloupe are known to infect a few sugarcane varieties in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, PCR assays were developed to detect these two viruses in sugarcane. Five hundred and seventy-one DNA samples from Saccharum species and interspecific hybrids from the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses were tested for the presence of SStrV and SWSV by PCR. No variety was found infected by SWSV but SStrV was detected in 19 varieties. PCR data were confirmed by sequencing amplified fragments (248 bp). These fragments shared 93%–100% nucleotide identity with SStrV sequences from the GenBank database. SStrV isolates were distributed in six phylogenetic groups, including the four strains of the virus. Most varieties infected by SStrV originated from Asia, thus confirming a previous hypothesis stating that this virus originated from this continent. Absence of SStrV in commercial sugarcane in Florida also suggested that this virus has not been spread in this location, while infected plants have been present for several decades.  相似文献   

Clostridium bifermentans and C. subterminale are associated with kiwifruit vine decline,known as moria,in Italy     

Patrizia Spigaglia  Fabrizio Barbanti  Fabio Marocchi  Marco Mastroleo  Marco Baretta  Patrizia Ferrante  Emilia Caboni  Simona Lucioli  Marco Scortichini 《Plant pathology》2020,69(4):765-774

Since 2012, a new pathogenic syndrome has frequently been observed in many areas of kiwifruit cultivation in Italy. The main symptoms include an initial withering of the leaves followed by a total and sudden collapse of plants, mainly occurring during summer. The withered leaves fall and the main and secondary feeder roots appear rotten, sometimes showing a reddish-brown discoloration. The disease, that affects both the green and yellow-fleshed cultivars, has been called kiwifruit vine decline and is locally known as moria. The syndrome has been found consistently associated with soil waterlogging, which frequently occurs either after the traditional agronomical practice of irrigating orchards through surface irrigation or after very heavy rainfall. So far, the role played by bacteria in this syndrome has not been investigated. In the present study, Clostridium spp. were isolated from both rotten roots and soils obtained from Italian kiwifruit orchards affected by the syndrome, indicating for the first time that anaerobic bacteria are able to cause damage to woody crops. C. bifermentans and C. subterminale incited symptoms in kiwifruit in both in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests. Soil waterlogging seems to potentially favour colonization of kiwifruit roots by anaerobic bacteria, probably because saturation of the soil can facilitate proliferation and persistence of these bacteria during long periods of the vegetative growth of the crop. The occurrence of anaerobic bacteria does not exclude the possibility that other microorganisms can play additional/synergic role(s) in causing the kiwifruit vine decline.  相似文献   

马铃薯镰刀菌干腐病研究进展及防控手段   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王文重  高云飞  闵凡祥  杨帅  魏琪  郭梅 《植物保护》2020,46(5):6-12

马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物。马铃薯干腐病是一种重要的马铃薯收获后真菌病害,在我国各马铃薯产区内广泛发生,导致马铃薯块茎的商品薯率大幅下降,对马铃薯的产量造成严重经济损失。本文针对马铃薯干腐病的症状、发生与危害、病原菌种类以及综合防控手段进行综述,以期为病害的研究及防治提供参考。  相似文献   

云南籽粒苋种质资源的表型多样性分析     

王艳青  卢文洁  李春花  尹桂芳  孙道旺  洪波  王莉花 《中国农学通报》2020,36(18):44-54

为了系统分析云南籽粒苋种质资源的表型遗传多样性。采用遗传多样性指数、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析对104份云南籽粒苋种质资源的30个表型性状进行研究。结果表明,遗传多样性指数最高的质量性状和数量性状分别是主花序形状(1.68)和主花序长度(2.07)。前10个主成分累计贡献率达到73.944%,单株鲜体重与第3、第6、第9主成分极显著正相关,单株粒重与第9主成分极显著正相关。聚类分析将104份种质划分为5类,第Ⅰ类群可为间套种亲本材料,第Ⅱ和Ⅲ类群可为大粒亲本材料,第Ⅳ类群可为优质饲用亲本材料,第Ⅴ类群可为观赏类亲本材料。云南籽粒苋种质资源表型性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,有较大的开发利用潜力。  相似文献   

棉花离体不定根系的发生对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响     

欧二绫  赵懿琛  阳腾  赵德刚 《西北农业学报》2020,30(8):1195-1203

为探明根系对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响,以离体条件下的无根幼苗、不同生根状态幼苗以及无菌种子苗作为研究对象,对其茎叶色素腺体密度、棉酚含量以及棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量进行分析。结果表明,不同生根状态幼苗中,色素腺体密度和棉酚含量与一定范围内生根数呈显著正相关,随后趋于平稳。荧光定量PCR显示,棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1和GhWRKY1表达量在生根数多的无菌苗中显著增高,而对棉酚合成具有反馈调节作用的 GhCYP706B1表达量呈现相反趋势;无根幼苗茎叶腺体密度和棉酚含量均显著低于有根幼苗,棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1、GhWRKY1和 GhCYP706B1表达量反而高于有根幼苗。有根幼苗中根的棉酚含量显著高于茎和叶,无菌种子苗根系中棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量显著高于茎和叶。说明棉花根系能对棉酚含量产生直接影响,同时影响腺体密度。本研究进一步验证了根系是棉酚主要合成部位,地上部分也存在少量的棉酚合成,只是不能引起棉酚发生显著变化。  相似文献