重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈伟  张苗苗  宋阳阳  张德罡 《草地学报》2013,21(3)

通过发芽试验探讨Cu2+,Zn2+,pb2+,Cd2+共4种重金属离子胁迫对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca elata)和白三叶(Tri folium repens)种子萌发的影响,旨在为重金属污染土壤中草坪草种植的适宜性研究提供参考.结果表明:草地早熟禾对各重金属离子抗性较差,其相对发芽率均显著低于对照(P＜0.05),其中Cu2+浓度为400 mg·L-1时(土壤环境质量3级标准)已达致死剂量；多年生黑麦草对4种重金属离子表现出不同程度的抗性,虽然其相对发芽率均显著低于对照(P＜0.05),但仍有大部分种子顺利发芽；高羊茅在Zn2+为1100mg·L-1处理下其相对发芽率达102.08％,显著高于对照(P＜0.05),且各处理下其相对发芽率变化趋势与多年生黑麦草类似；白三叶除对Cd2+抗性较强外,对其余3种重金属离子抗性均较差；4种草坪草相对发芽率均随处理浓度升高而逐渐降低.重金属离子对胚根的抑制作用高于胚芽.4种草坪草种发芽指数和活力指数均有随着重金属离子浓度升高而逐渐降低的趋势,且多数处理下均显著低于对照(P＜0.05),说明重金属离子对种子萌发和活力有较大影响.  相似文献   

In field non-invasive sensing of the nitrogen status in hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) by a fluorescence-based method     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2015

The level of N fertilization and the content of leaf N in Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy cv. ‘Tifway 419’ bermudagrass were evaluated non-destructively with a fluorescence-based method. It was applied directly into the field by using the Multiplex portable fluorimeter during two consecutive seasons (2010 and 2011). In the 2010 experiment, the nitrogen balance index (NBI₁) provided by the sensor was able to discriminate (at P < 0.05) six different N levels applied, up to 250 kg ha⁻¹, with a precision (root mean square error, RMSE) in the rate estimate of 3.29 kg ha⁻¹. In 2011, the index was insensitive to the N treatment between 150 kg ha⁻¹ and 250 kg ha⁻¹ N rates, and its precision was 39.98 kg ha⁻¹. Calibration of the sensor by using the destructive analysis of turf samplings showed a good linear regression between NBI₁ and the leaf N content for both 2010 (R² = 0.81) and 2011 (R² = 0.93) experiments. This allowed mapping of the leaf N spatial distribution acquired by the sensor in the field with a prediction error of 0.21%. Averaging the overall estimates of leaf N content per N treatment provided an upper limit of 200 kg ha⁻¹ for the required fertilization, corresponding to a critical level of leaf N of about 2.3%. Our results confirm the usefulness of the new fluorescence-based method and sensor for a precise management of fertilization in turfgrass.  相似文献   

烯效唑对匍匐翦股颖的矮化作用及生理指标的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李丹  李志华 《中国草地学报》2009,31(4)

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究充足水分(100%田间持水量)和限制水分(50%田间持水量)条件下4种不同浓度(20mg/L、40mg/L、60mg/L、80mg/L)烯效唑处理对匍匐翦股颖形态和生理指标的影响.结果表明:在2种不同水分条件下,4个烯效唑浓度处理均使匍匐翦股颖的株高明显降低,适宜的烯效唑处理浓度(40mg/L、60mg/L、80mg/L)使匍匐翦股颖的叶片明显变短,且作用效果与浓度有关;适宜浓度的烯效唑使匍匐翦股颖叶片中脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量和根系活力明显提高,抗旱性增强,且调控作用与水分状况有关;综合考虑作用效果和成本,在匍匐翦股颖草坪养护管理中烯效唑的推荐使用浓度为60mg/L.  相似文献   

Biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen in cool-season turfgrass systems     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2017

Managed turf areas are both a source and a sink for greenhouse gases (GHGs). Management practices, including turfgrass selection and mowing, influence the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stored in the soil, as well as the associated GHG emissions. The objective of this research was to determine the net C and N balance (i.e. the amount of C and N stored less the amount emitted) of managed turfgrass systems with different grasses (species and cultivars) and management practices (mowing frequency and grass clippings management). Data explicitly quantified in this experiment include annual mowing requirements and accompanying GHG emissions, annual dry matter yield, soil C and N accumulation, and GHG flux of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) cultivars with varying growth rates. Leaf, verdure, and root tissue C and N were also determined, along with the corresponding biomass. Estimations of emissions from fertilization, irrigation, and pesticide applications were also included in the net balance calculations.All of the turfgrasses and management practices in this experiment resulted in a system-wide net C sink, though the magnitude of the sink varied by turfgrass selection and management strategy. In general, higher-yielding grasses and management practices increased soil C but also increased mowing requirements and thus emissions. Returning grass clippings was found to increase yield, soil and leaf tissue N, and soil C, but it also marginally increased mowing requirements. The results of this experiment support the assertion that managed turfgrass areas can act as a net C sink to help curb the increasing atmospheric GHG concentrations. The C sequestration potential of managed turfgrass is another of the numerous functional benefits of urban grasslands.  相似文献   

草坪草在滨州地区的引种适应性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张法琴 《北方园艺》2007,(9):143-145

在滨州地区对9种草坪草品种进行了引种适应性试验.结果表明:黑麦草类的适应性状和坪用性状均优于早熟禾和高羊茅类.从品种差异看,早熟禾中的纳苏、高羊茅中的里园2号和黑麦草中的托亚效果最佳.  相似文献   

35 个草坪草品种对禾谷缢管蚜抗性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡木林  陈燕  郑小林  吴海生  曾富华 《园艺学报》2004,34(6):784-787

 研究了禾本科7 个属35 个草坪草品种对禾谷缢管蚜〔Rhopalosiphum padi (L. ) 〕的抗性, 鉴定出高抗品种15 个, 中抗品种3 个, 低抗品种2 个。匍匐翦股颖( Agrostis stolonifera L. ) 和野牛草〔Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt. ) Engelm. 〕抗性最好, 均为免疫级。其次是狗牙根〔Cynodon dactylon (L. ) Pers. 〕, 6 份材料中, 有4 份属于免疫级。高羊茅( Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ) 在免疫至低抗间变化, 草地早熟禾( Poa pratensis L. ) 在高抗至中感间变化。结缕草( Zoysia japonica Steud. ) 为低感、中感水平。多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L. ) 抗性最差, 10 份材料均为高感。症状分析、虫口数量与受害程度关系分析初步表明,草坪草对禾谷缢管蚜的抗性包括抗生性和耐害性。  相似文献   

修剪对高羊茅生长及草坪质量的影响   总被引：34，自引：3，他引：31  

江海东  曹卫星 《草业科学》1998,15(1):54-58,61

研究了不同修剪高度和修剪频率条件下,南京地区高羊茅的生长状况和草坪质量。方差分析表明,低剪（４ｃｍ）的生长量明显高于中剪（６ｖｍ）和高剪（９ｃｍ）,而草坪质量低于高、中剪;高频率修剪（１周２次）的生长量显著高于中频（１周１次）和低频（２周１次）,而草坪质量低于中、低频。因此,在管理上应适当采取高剪（６￣９ｃｍ）和低频（１￣２周１次）,既可以提高草坪质量,又可减轻管理强度。试验结果表明,南京地区高羊  相似文献   

北京草坪早熟禾叶斑（枯）病研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

贾春虹  江国铿 《草业学报》1998,7(4):38-43

北京地区早熟禾叶斑（枯）病病原菌为早熟禾德斯霉,病原生物学研究表明：孢子萌芽的适宜温度为１６～３２℃,菌丝体生长的适宜温度是２４～３２℃。早熟禾榨出液对孢子萌芽有显著促进作用。２４℃下病菌产孢量显著高于其他温度;ＰＳ２Ａ培养基上产孢量最多。２０℃和２５℃下的病情指数显著高于其他温度。杀菌剂试验表明：７０％代森锰锌、８０％大生和５０％扑海因对该病有很好的预防保护作用。  相似文献   

多年生黑麦草根系构型对不同降水量的响应     

郝春莲  王贞升  田静瑶  陈鹏  狄小琳  王竞红 《东北林业大学学报》2020,(1):18-22

以多年生黑麦草为试验材料,研究其在模拟小雨(24 h降水量为0.1~9.9 mm)、中雨(24 h降水量为10~25 mm)、大雨(24 h降水量为25~50 mm)3种降水量下根系构型对水分胁迫的响应。结果表明:在胁迫周期内,多年生黑麦草的根总长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径在CK组(60%小雨降水量)、A组(小雨降水量)、C组(大雨降水量)下均呈先上升后下降的趋势;B组(中雨降水量)下的根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径、根分叉数在胁迫全程无下降趋势,各形态指标均显示其生长状态良好。根冠比、比根长、根干质量密度等指标虽然在不同处理组下变化不同,但B组(中雨降水量)水分处理下指标优于其他处理,生长情况稳定良好,从长势看也较适合草坪草的生长。综上所述,多年生黑麦草根系最适宜的生长环境为模拟中雨胁迫,即24 h降水量10~25 mm。  相似文献   

污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律与灌溉制度初步研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

杨建国  黄冠华  黄权中  刘红  何建平  孟光辉 《草地学报》2003,11(4):329-333

污水灌溉是污水资源化的重要途径。本研究以三种典型的冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅为供试草种，以自来水和经过砂过滤和沉淀处理的城市居民小区的生活污水为灌溉水源，采用地下滴灌和渗灌两种灌水方法，通过田间对比试验，探讨了污水灌溉条件下草坪草的耗水规律。结果表明，污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水量与清水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水量差异不显著；污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律和清水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律呈相似的变化趋势。在此基础上，结合北京地区的有关气象资料，初步分析制定了不同降雨年型草坪污水灌溉制度，为北京市城市草坪污水灌溉管理提供参考依据。  相似文献