根系分区交替灌溉对温室甜椒不同灌水下限的响应   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

孙华银  康绍忠  胡笑涛  李志军 《农业工程学报》2008,24(6):78-84

依据2006、2007年两年小区试验,对根系分区交替灌溉条件下温室甜椒生长、产量及水分利用效率对不同灌水下限的响应进行了研究.结果表明:占田间持水量60%的灌水下限(T3)处理甜椒叶片光合速率最大,有效地阻止无效蒸腾失水,水分利用效率最高,占田间持水量70%的灌水下限(T4)处理产量达到最高.对甜椒产量、水分利用效率与灌水下限之间的关系进行回归分析,得出30 cm内当灌水下限为田间持水量的70%左右时,甜椒鲜质量小区产量可达最大值;当灌水下限为田间持水量的65%时,甜椒水分利用效率有最大值.综合考虑节水、增产和提高水分利用效率等多种因素,根系分区交替灌溉条件下温室甜椒灌水下限应控制在65%田间持水量左右为宜.  相似文献   

秦巴山区马尾松瘤锈病研究     

李武汉  景耀 《西北林学院学报》1995,10(4):21-26

马尾松瘤锈病在秦巴山区分布于南郑、宁陕等５个县（区）,其中南郑县发生严重。被害松树在主干、侧枝和裸根上形成肿瘤,每年４月中旬在瘤上形成锈孢子器。马尾松病枝的结实量减少,种子质量明显下降;受害幼树的地茎和树高比健树均有减少。该病的病原菌为松栎栓锈菌。  相似文献   

Effects of all‐male,mixed‐sex and all‐female freshwater prawn in polyculture with major carps and molas in the fallow rice fields     

Mrityunjoy Kunda  M Abdul Wahab  Somen Dewan  M Asaduzzaman  Shakuntala H Thilsted 《Aquaculture Research》2009,41(1):103-110

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of all‐male, mixed‐sex and all‐female freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in a polyculture with major carps (Catla catla and Labeo rohita) and self‐recruiting small fish molas (Amblypharyngodon mola) in the fallow rice fields of Bangladesh. There were three treatments with three replicates. All ponds were stocked with carps and molas plus either all‐male prawns (treatment MP), mixed‐sex prawns (MFP) or all‐female prawns (FP). Prawn, mola, catla and rohu were stocked 20 000, 20 000, 1750 and 750 ha^?1, respectively, in all treatments. The prawns were fed twice daily, starting at 8% body weight and gradually reduced to 3% body weight. The fish were fed in the morning with mustard oil cake and rice bran (1:2 ratios) at 3% body weight. Significantly higher production of prawns (697 kg ha^?1) was obtained in treatment MP, which yielded 34.7% and 56.2% more production than MFP and FP respectively. Significantly higher total production of 1620 kg ha^?1 and a higher benefit–cost ratio of 2.10:1 were also obtained in treatment MP. It can be concluded that an all‐male prawn culture is economically more viable than all‐female and mixed‐sex prawn cultures, along with other fish like major carps and the nutrient‐dense molas in the polyculture.  相似文献   

Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn gluten meal,pea protein isolate and their mixture in diet of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles: Effects on growth performance,feed utilization and haematological parameters     

Lei Wang  Na Yin  Gladstone Sagada  Yin Hua  Hui Li  Jinzhi Zhang  Qingjun Shao 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):2071-2083

Corn gluten meal (CGM), pea protein isolate (PPI) and their mixture (CPP, 1:1 ratio) were evaluated as fishmeal (FM) alternatives in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles (9.02 ± 0.12 g). A FM diet was designed as control, and other six diets had 20% and 40% FM protein replaced by CGM, PPI and CPP, respectively, with the supplementation of crystalline methionine, arginine and lysine. After the 8‐week feeding trial, significantly lower weight gain was found in fish fed the 40% CGM diet (p < .05), whereas other treatments had no statistical difference (p > .05). The values of feed efficiency ratio and feed intake, as well as proximate compositions of muscle and whole body, were not significantly influenced in all treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly influenced by protein source. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly higher content of essential amino acid in muscle than that of the 20% PPI diet. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly lower content of serum cholesterol than other treatments (p < .05). Elevated serum superoxide dismutase activity was found in fish fed the 40% plant protein diets. In conclusion, between 20% and 40% FM protein could be replaced by CGM, while about 40% FM protein derived from PPI and CPP could be applied in black sea bream.  相似文献   

先旱后涝胁迫下水稻茎蘖及株高动态响应     

张逸迪  俞双恩  高世凯  王梅  王姣  李偲 《排灌机械工程学报》2018,36(1):77-81

为了解先旱后涝胁迫下水稻的茎蘖和株高生长动态,采用测坑试验方法研究先旱后涝胁迫对水稻分蘖数和株高的影响,根据分蘖变化拟合分析了水稻茎蘖消长动力学模型,根据株高动态变化拟合了Logistic增长模型.试验结果表明:先旱后涝胁迫过程在分蘖期和拔节孕穗期均不同程度地抑制水稻分蘖;水稻在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期受涝可促进株高增长,在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期受旱则抑制株高增长;茎蘖消长动力学模型较好地拟合了茎蘖消长的过程,具有实践意义;Logistic模型拟合株高动态变化拟合度也较高,且适用合理.研究结果可为合理制定灌溉方案和提高水稻产量提供依据.  相似文献   

不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响     

赵凇仪  陈金陵  杨启良 《排灌机械工程学报》2018,36(9):796-801

为研究不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响,取1 a生小桐子幼苗为试验材料,设置19.80,19.80和39.60(交替灌溉),39.60 mm 3个水平的灌水处理;3个水平的施盐处理:每50 g风干土中NaCl分析纯为0,0.15,0.30 g,并监测小桐子的形态,根区Na⁺环境以及植物体Na⁺累积的情况.结果表明:小桐子有一定的耐盐性,受到每50 g风干土中含有0.30 g NaCl分析纯盐胁迫时,交替灌溉处理更有利于小桐子的生长;随着盐浓度的增大,小桐子根区土壤电导率增大的幅度逐渐减小,同时,盐浓度的增大使土层中Na⁺含量增大的幅度也逐渐减小,小桐子干样中各器官Na⁺含量从大到小依次为叶片、根部、茎;19.80 和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式比39.60 mm灌溉方式节水25%,但小桐子的生长并未受到影响,且各器官钠离子含量差异不具有统计学意义.本试验条件下,受到不同程度盐胁迫的小桐子,19.80和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式更有利于小桐子生长,提高其耐盐性.  相似文献   

Influence of fungicides on gas exchange of pecan foliage          下载免费PDF全文

B. W. Wood  C. H. Bock 《Plant pathology》2018,67(2):265-276

There are several fungicide chemistries used for disease control on pecan (Carya illinoinensis), but there is little or no knowledge of subtle short‐ or long‐term side effects of these chemistries on host physiological processes, including net photosynthesis (P_n). This study quantifies the impact of several fungicides used to control scab on P_n and other gas exchange characteristics of pecan foliage and provides much‐needed insight to ensure proper usage in commercial pecan operations. Multiple field experiments found that certain fungicide chemistries have the potential to reduce P_n, stomatal conductance (C_s), transpiration rate (T_r) and water use efficiency (E_w; P_n/T_r), whereas others are benign. For example, neither triphenyltin hydroxide nor the triazoles tested had a negative impact on gas exchange characteristics, regardless of when measurements were taken or the number of spray applications. However, dodine, phosphorous acid, ziram and certain strobilurins were capable of suppressing gas exchange, especially P_n, up to several weeks after a single treatment. Suppression of P_n by some fungicides was relatively short term, but was long term or permanent for other fungicides. In certain cases, leaf P_n was suppressed by as much as 50–80% for at least several weeks after a single exposure. These studies suggest that use of fungicides in commercial pecan orchards might result in negative side effects that need to be taken into consideration when determining how best to use these fungicides in pecan disease management.  相似文献   

农田土壤水分特征曲线参数拟合及其剖面变异特性研究     

车政  王仰仁  王永红  牛永华  罗朋 《灌溉排水学报》2016,(7):22-27

在天津农学院西校区和山西大同阳高试验基地,采用环刀取原状土方法分层、分垂直和水平2个方向取土样,采用高速离心机(CR22GⅡ)方法得到了土壤水分特征曲线数据,利用Van Genuchten模型对实测数据进行了拟合,并运用Excel软件规划求解与模式搜索法交替迭代进行参数拟合优化求解。结果表明,根据实测数据所选的参数初始值和优化值之间有明显差异,以残余含水率差异最大,参数n差异最小;参数优化过程中不同参数随迭代次数的增加有不同的变化规律;不同深度的参数优化值有显著差异,不同方向参数值有一定差异;取样误差对参数的优化结果也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

花后轻干-湿交替灌溉提高水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关基因的表达   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

陈婷婷  许更文  钱希旸  王志琴  张耗  杨建昌 《中国农业科学》2015,48(7):1288-1299

【目的】水稻籽粒灌浆是光合同化产物向籽粒运输并合成淀粉的生理过程,决定水稻结实率、粒重高低及品质优劣。籽粒灌浆过程不仅受遗传因素的影响,而且受到温度和水分等环境因子的调节。灌溉是水稻生产上一项重要的技术,对水稻产量的形成有重要调控作用。但有关花后灌溉方式对水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关基因表达的影响,缺乏研究。本研究旨在探讨花后干湿交替灌溉对水稻籽粒灌浆的影响并阐明其分子机理。【方法】2012-2013年以两优培九（两系杂交籼稻）和扬粳4038（杂交粳稻）为材料种植于土培池,自抽穗（50%穗伸出剑叶叶鞘）至成熟设置3种灌溉方式处理：（1）常规灌溉（conventional irrigation,CI）,保持浅水层,收获前一周断水;（2）轻干-湿交替灌溉（alternate wetting and moderate soil drying,WMD）,自浅水层自然落干至土壤水势达-20 kPa时,灌水1-2 cm,再自然落干至土壤水势为-20 kPa,再上浅层水,如此循环;（3）重干-湿交替灌溉（alternate wetting and severe soil drying,WSD）,自浅水层自然落干至土壤水势达-40 kPa时,灌水1-2 cm,再自然落干至土壤水势为-40 kPa,再上浅层水,如此循环。观察花后干湿交替灌溉对水稻强、弱势粒灌浆速率、粒重和淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响,并应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定编码这些酶基因的相对表达量。【结果】强势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、淀粉合成有关的蔗糖合酶（SuS）、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGP）、淀粉合酶（StS）和淀粉分支酶（SBE）等相关酶活性以及蔗糖合酶基因SuS2、SuS4,腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因AGPL1、AGPL2、AGPL3、AGPS2,淀粉合酶基因SSI、SSIIa、SSIIc、SSIIIa和淀粉分支酶基因SBEI、SBEIIb的相对表达量在3种灌溉方式处理间没有显著差异。与常规灌溉相比,轻干-湿交替灌溉处理显著增加了弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、4种籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和除AGPL1外各基因的相对表达量,重干-湿交替灌溉处理则显著降低弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、各淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因的相对表达量。两供试品种试验结果趋势一致。相关分析表明,弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重与SuS、AGP、StS、SBE活性以及SuS2、SuS4、AGPL2、AGPL3、AGPS2、SSI、SSIIa、SSIIc、SSIIIa、SBEI、SBEIIb基因的相对表达量呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】在轻干-湿交替灌溉处理下,水稻弱势粒淀粉合成相关酶活性及其基因表达的增强促进了弱势粒中淀粉的合成与积累,提高灌浆速率和增加粒重;而在重干-湿交替灌溉处理下,弱势粒中上述淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因表达的下降使其灌浆速率和粒重显著降低。  相似文献   

文山三七根腐病病原真菌的鉴定与药剂防治   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪静  梁宗锁  康冰  罗美佳 《西北林学院学报》2015,30(1):158-163

从云南文山三七药材基地感染根腐病的三七组织获得分离物,并对其进行培养和纯化,并运用科赫法则（Koch’s Postulate）进行病原菌回接感染,得3株致病明显的菌株,后对此菌株进行生物学和18S-rDNA全序列分析鉴定及室内药效防治。结果表明,此3株菌分别是尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）,茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）和链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata）。甲基硫菌灵、根康、多菌灵对茄孢镰孢菌、尖镰孢菌的抑菌效果最好,腐霉利、甲基硫菌灵对链格孢菌的抑菌效果最好。该研究可为尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和链格孢菌引起的三七根腐病的防治提供参考。  相似文献