Influence of water regime on growth,yield, and nitrogen uptake of rice     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):919-932

Abstract

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of water regime on growth of rice. The greenhouse experiment investigated the effects of two water regimes‐continuous flooding and flooding with soil drying between crops for 2 to 3 weeks on the growth of rice during six cropping (for six week each) on seven soils varying widely in total N contents (0.07 to 0.35%). The results averaged for the 7 soils indicated that the drymatter production or N uptake of rice was not affected by the water regimes during the six croppings.

The field experiment conducted during the dry season for two consecutive years (1976 and 1977) on a near neutral clay soil studied the effects of three water regimes (continuous flooding alternate flooding and soil drying every 2 weeks, and continuous flooding with 2 weeks mid season soil drying after 6 weeks of transplanting) and three levels of fertilizer N (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha as urea) on grain yield and N uptake of rice. The results confirmed the absence of any significant reduction in grain yield or N uptake as a result of any of the soil drying treatments during the growing season on the unfertilized plots carrying a rice crop. On the plots fertilized with 100 or 200 kg N/na, alternate flooding and drying resulted in a significant depression in both grain yield and N uptake. Soil analysis supported heavy losses of N in the fertilized plots that underwent alternate flooding and soil drying apparently by nitrification and denitrification reactions.

The results of this study suggest that alternate flooding and drying of soils in the presence of established rice plants itiay not cause a significant loss of nitrogen in unfertilized plots although in plots fertilized with high rates of N the losses may be large as indicated by the performance of rice crop.  相似文献   

库区消落区紫色土与水稻土磷吸附解吸特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李静  魏世强  杨勇  江帆  胡巍 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,27(4):459-463

淹水和干湿交替条件下,土壤磷水土界面的迁移能力有较大的差别,模拟研究结果表明：淹水和干湿交替能促进紫色土和水稻土对磷的吸附,减小磷的解吸率,降低磷水土界面的迁移能力,其向环境中的释磷风险为未淹水土壤＞干湿交替土壤＞淹水土壤,紫色土＞水稻土.  相似文献   

梨、苹果锈病转主寄主的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨俊秀  王明春 《西北林学院学报》1989,4(1):44-47

梨、苹果锈病的转主寄主是桧柏的两个不同类型。梨锈病的转主寄主树冠较稀疏,分枝角度较大,具针叶和鳞叶,在转主寄主上形成纺锤形瘿瘤,苹果锈病的转主寄主树冠较紧凑,分枝角度小,只具针叶,在转主寄主上形成球形或半球形的瘿瘤。  相似文献   

Nitrogen nutrition diagnosis for olive trees grown in super-intensive cropping systems     

Miquel Pascual  Amadeu Arbones  Josep Rufat 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(15):1803-1817

Abstract

The results of a 4-year experiment combining irrigation, N, and K showed that to maintain productivity and tree growth it is necessary to attain a higher leaf N status than current diagnosis standards. To sustain high oil yield and quality and to avoid excessive vigor, a critical N concentration was established for olive trees of 1.94% for leaves sampled in July. A negative relationship was obtained between N leaf concentration and some quality parameters. Above 1.94% N, total phenolic content and oxidative stability fell below 220?mg kg^?1 and 10?hr, respectively. In addition, above this N leaf concentration other factors including the alternate bearing index (ABI) and vegetative growth distorted productive and qualitative responses. Moreover, the differential productive response of trees related to alternate fruit bearing status implies that the interpretation of leaf nitrogen content can be more accurate when ABI suggests an ON tree status.  相似文献   

两种唐松草鉴定为小麦叶锈菌的转主寄主     

赵杰  杜志敏  刘尧  梁晓飞  陈俐  康振生 《植物病理学报》2021,51(1):70-84

 引起小麦叶锈病的小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)是转主寄生菌,其转主寄主主要为唐松草属(Thalictrum)种类,也包括扁果草属(Isopyrum), 牛舌草属(Anchusa), 铁线莲属(Clematis)和蓝蓟属(Echium)的个别种类。然而,迄今,中国仅有亚欧唐松草和瓣蕊唐松草被报道为小麦叶锈菌转主寄主。本文对采集于陕西的东亚唐松草(T. minus var. hypoleucum)、甘肃的贝加尔唐松草(T. baicalense),通过人工接种小麦叶锈菌确定它们是否能够作为小麦叶锈菌的转主寄主。同时,本文作者收集自然条件下贝加尔唐松草组织上受侵染产生的锈子器样品,通过其ITS区序列分析以确定小麦叶锈菌的有性循环是否在田间条件下发生。结果表明,小麦叶锈菌的担孢子均可侵染东亚唐松草和贝加尔唐松草,完成其性子器和锈子器阶段,产生的锈孢子可侵染感病小麦产生夏孢子堆,从而证实东亚唐松草和贝加尔唐松草均可作为小麦叶锈菌的转主寄主。来自贝加尔唐松草22个锈子器样品的ITS区序列比对,表明其与NCBI网上提交的小麦叶锈菌享有95%~96%的序列同源性。由此推测,自然条件下,中国小麦叶锈菌可能侵染感病唐松草完成有性循环。  相似文献   

两级回流生物膜工艺处理农村生活污水效果   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

吴迪  高贤彪  李玉华  钱姗  赵琳娜  赵秋 《农业工程学报》2013,29(1):218-224

针对农村生活污水低碳高氮磷特点,研究两级回流连续曝气生物膜工艺处理农村生活污水的效果和机理。在平均处理量90t/d、水力停留时间为3.0d,稳定运行12个月结果表明,该工艺对化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、氨氮、全氮、全磷和悬浮物的平均去除率分别为75.7%、84.8%、69.2%、68.0%、58.9%和87.9%;出水化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、氨氮、全氮、全磷和悬浮物的平均质量浓度分别在51.0、15.8、10.8、16.5、2.3和15.7mg/L以下,满足天津市农村污水处理厂排水标准,改造后工艺运行更加稳定,出水NH3-N和TN有明显改善,符合农村污水处理要求。  相似文献   

重迎茬对大豆产量与品质影响的研究   总被引：30，自引：6，他引：24  

刘忠堂  于龙生 《大豆科学》2000,19(3):229-237

本研究采取在五个生态区设置９圃固定轮作区与相应生态区生产地块调查相结合的方法,研究大豆迎茬,重茬一年、二年、三年对大豆生育,叶面积指数、干物质积累,构成产量因子及产量与品质的影响,三年研究结果表明,重、迎茬大豆均较正茬大豆减产,减产幅度随重,迎茬年限增加而加剧,以迎茬减产最少的６．１％,重茬一、二、三年分别减产９．９％,１３．８％和１９％。不同生态区减产程度不同,重迎茬对大豆生育,干物质积累及构成  相似文献   

半干旱区滴头流量对土壤水分变化影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周青云  王仰仁 《天津农学院学报》2010,17(1):14-18

缺水问题严重制约了我国北方干旱半干旱地区作物的产量,交替滴灌是一种有效的节水灌水方式,而不同的土壤质地与气候条件应选择不同的滴头流量。本文研究了干旱区不同的滴头流量下土壤水分再分布及土壤蒸发的变化规律,结果表明,地表湿润圈的大小直接影响到蒸发量的大小。滴头流量越大,地表的湿润半径越大,蒸发损失也越大。滴头流量的大小直接影响土壤水分在水平和垂直方向的动态。滴头流量不同,其蒸发损失也不同。  相似文献   

分根区交替灌溉对盆栽甜玉米水分及氮素利用的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

梁继华  李伏生  唐梅  冯毅 《农业工程学报》2006,22(10):68-72

分根区交替灌溉(APRI)是高效节水新技术,该文通过盆栽试验,研究了不同水肥条件下,3种不同灌溉方式对甜玉米干物质积累、水分和氮素利用的影响。结果表明：在施肥和充分供水条件下,与常规灌溉(CI)相比,分根区交替灌溉节水29.1%,总干物质量和冠干物质量仅分别减少6.3%和5.6%,而水分利用效率和氮肥表观利用率分别提高24.3%和16.4%,这表明分根区交替灌溉的节水节肥效应要与合理施肥和适宜的灌水量相结合才能发挥更好的作用。而部分根干燥灌溉(PRD)由于总干物质量下降太多,水分利用效率和氮肥表观利用率都没有得到提高。  相似文献   

Effect of Alternate Wetting and Soil Drying Irrigation during Grain Filling on the Physiological Traits and Yield of Transgenic Rice with Different Protein Content in Grains     

LIU Li jun  WANG Kang jun  BIAN Jin long  XIONG Yi wei  WANG Zhi qin  YANG Jian chang 《中国水稻科学》2014,28(4):384

  相似文献