创新植保推广模式促进植保技术的普及     

王新学  李兰蕊  李雪丽 《河北农业科学》2014,(1):86-89

为适应现代植保要求,加快植保新技术的普及和应用,高阳县植保植检站通过建立植保专防队、农民培训、实施农业项目、采用现代信息技术等多种植保推广新模式的综合应用,提高了植保新技术的普及率和到位率,创新了植保推广模式,促进了植保技术的推广。  相似文献   

基于GIS和USLE的九龙江流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究   总被引：63，自引：1，他引：63  

黄金良洪华生  张珞平杜鹏飞 《水土保持学报》2004,18(5):75-79

探讨了GIS和USLE相结合预测南方中等尺度流域土壤侵蚀量、标识流域土壤侵蚀严重区域。运用GIS建立九龙江流域基础地理数据库，利用ARC／INFO的栅格数据空间分析功能，根据USLE土壤侵蚀预测模型对数据库进行图形运算，预测了九龙江流域的土壤侵蚀量。结果表明，流域的年均侵蚀模数为2730．3t／km^2，侵蚀强度属中度。占流域面积85．72％的区域土壤侵蚀强度在中度以下。这一区域对流域土壤侵蚀量的贡献率为58．26％，而流域41．74％的侵蚀泥沙来自于占流域面积14．28％的强度以上侵蚀区域。在流域侵蚀强度的空间分布上，8个子流域属中度侵蚀区，其中船场溪、花山溪和雁石溪三个子流域侵蚀强度较大；6个子流域属轻度侵蚀区，其中漳州平原的龙海和浦南两子流域侵蚀强度最弱。  相似文献   

CaCl_2和SrCl_2提取土壤氮钾的比较     

李立平  张佳宝  邢维芹  缪恒彬  谢庆丰 《土壤通报》2007,38(5):984-988

为了探讨0.01mol L-1 CaCl2和0.02mol L-1 SrCl2提取土壤氮、钾能力的差异,用0.01mol L-1 CaCl2和0.02mol L-1 SrCl2提取14个土壤样品,再分别用流动分析和火焰光度法测定提取液中的硝态氮和亚硝态氮之和和钾的含量,以1mol L-1 KCl和1mol L-1中性醋酸铵提取液作为无机氮和钾的对照提取剂,同时选择部分土壤样品用盆栽试验测定提取数量与土壤氮、钾有效性的关系。结果表明,两种方法和对照方法提取氮和钾数量的相关性均达到p<0.01水平,对照提取剂、0.01mol L-1 CaCl2和0.02mol L-1 SrCl2对于14个土壤的硝态氮和亚硝态氮之和提取含量平均值分别为13.36、15.33和26.62mgkg-1,14个土样的提取钾含量的平均值分别为120.4、33.58和54.24mgkg-1。盆栽试验结果表明,对照提取剂和0.01molL-1CaCl2和0.02molL-1SrCl2提取氮的数量与植物吸氮量的相关性达到p<0.05显著水平,钾的相关性达到p<0.01显著水平。与对照提取剂的氮、钾分别提取相比,SrCl2和CaCl2提取剂均可大大降低样品提取中试剂费用。以上结果表明,0.01mol L-1 CaCl2和0.02mol L-1 SrCl2提取对土壤氮和钾的提取能力均可反映土壤硝态氮和亚硝态氮、有效钾的含量和供应能力,而提取能力以0.02mol L-1 SrCl2为高。  相似文献   

不同方法预测河北省土壤有机碳密度空间分布特征的研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

赵永存  史学正  于东升  赵彦锋  孙维侠  王洪杰 《土壤学报》2005,42(3):379-385

运用多元线性回归、泛克里格和回归克里格三种方法,结合由DEM获取的地形属性因子预测了河北省土壤有机碳密度的空间分布。多元线性回归预测的残差较大,模型对总方差的解释仅18.6%,采用泛克里格方法后,预测残差降低,预测结果的极差范围变宽,低碳密度区的局部变异得以体现,模型对总方差的解释程度提高到53%。而回归克里格方法应用后预测残差和均方根预测误差进一步降低,模型对总方差的解释程度提高到65%,回归克里格方法也能更好地反映碳密度与地形的关系以及局部变异。三种方法中回归克里格预测效果最好,泛克里格次之,而多元线性回归方法最差。  相似文献   

Identification of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) meat by diagnostic PCR of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene     

Peng Yan  Yan Shi  Ren-Ping Wang 《Biological conservation》2005,121(1):45-51

With the commercial farming and exploitation of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis), illegal and inappropriately labeled Chinese alligator meat has appeared in markets. To prevent the illegal hunting and commerce for Chinese alligators, it will be important to develop an expedient and practical method for the identification of Chinese alligator meat. In this study, a pair of the species-specific PCR primers (Alli-M and Alli-R) was designed using sequence variations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene between Chinese alligators and other crocodilians. By the multiplex PCR of using the species-specific primers and 12S rRNA universal primers L1091 and H1478, 31 samples (27 meat samples, 4 skin samples) were identified. The result of amplification displayed that only the fresh and the cooked meat samples from the Chinese alligator could be amplified with two bands. We also present a case of identification of a crocodilian body part found in a local market using the newly developed primers. The specific primers designed in this study could be widely used for the rapid and accurate identification of not only alligator meat but also other commercial products from Chinese alligator.  相似文献   

New self-incompatibility alleles in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) revealed by stylar ribonuclease assay and S-PCR analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Júlia Halász  Attila Hegedüs  Rita Hermán  Éva Stefanovits-Bányai  Andrzej Pedryc 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):57-66

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shows gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by a single locus with several allelic variants. An allele for self-compatibility (S_C) and seven alleles for self-incompatibility (S₁–S₇) were described previously. Our experiments were carried out to ascertain whether the number of allelic variants of apricot S-locus was indeed so small. Twenty-seven apricot accessions were analysed for stylar ribonucleases by non-equilibrium pH gradient electrofocusing (NEpHGE) to determine their S-genotype. To validate the results of electrofocusing, the applicability of the S-gene-specific consensus PCR primers designed from sweet cherry sequences was tested. NEpHGE revealed 12 bands associated with distinct S-alleles in newly genotyped cultivars. Cherry consensus primers amplified 11 alleles out from 16 ones, which indicated that these primers could also recognize most of the S-RNase sequences in apricot, and provided an efficient tool to confirm or reject NEpHGE results. By combining the protein and DNA-based methods, complete or partial S-genotyping was achieved for 23 apricot accessions and nine putatively new alleles (provisionally labelled S₈–S₁₆) were found. Their identity needs to be confirmed by pollination tests or S-allele sequencing. This study provides evidence that similarly to other Prunus species, the S-locus of apricot is more variable than previously believed.  相似文献   

Application of the TRAP technique to lettuce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactuca sativa</Emphasis> L<Emphasis Type="Italic">.</Emphasis>) genotyping     

Jinguo?HuEmail author  Oswaldo?E.?Ochoa  María?José?Truco  Brady?A.?Vick 《Euphytica》2005,144(3):225-235

Summary To demonstrate the applicability of the target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) marker technique to lettuce genotyping, we fingerprinted 53 lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars and six wild accessions (three from each of the two wild species, L. saligna L. and L. serriola L.). Seven hundred and sixty-nine fragments from 50 to 900 bp in length were amplified in 10 PCR reactions using 10 fixed primers in combination with four fluorescent labeled arbitrary primers. Three hundred and eighty-eight of these fragments were polymorphic among the 59 Lactuca entries and 107 fragments were polymorphic among the 53 lettuce cultivars and the six wild accessions; 251 fragments were present only in the wild species. These markers not only discriminated all cultivars, but also revealed the evolutionary relationship among the three species: L. sativa, the cultivated species, is more closely related to L. serriola than to L. saligna. Cluster analysis grouped the cultivars by horticultural types with a few exceptions. These results are consistent with previous findings using RFLP, AFLP, and SAMPL markers. The TRAP markers revealed significant differences in genetic variability among horticultural types, measured by the average genetic similarity among the cultivars of the same type. Within the sample set, the leaf type and butterhead types possessed relatively high genetic variability, the iceberg types had moderate variability and the romaine types had the lowest variability. The genetic behavior of TRAP markers was assessed with a mapping population of 45 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an interspecific cross between L. serriola and L. sativa. Almost all the markers segregated in the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio and are being incorporated into the existing lettuce linkage maps. Our results indicate that the TRAP markers can provide a powerful technique for fingerprinting lettuce cultivars. The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.  相似文献   

利用差异显示技术克隆小麦抗白粉病相关基因的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔凡晶 陈孝马有志  辛志勇 《麦类作物学报》2004,24(1):11-14

对小麦—簇毛麦抗病易位系进行差异显示分析,以期获得小麦抗白粉病基因的分子克隆。根据已克隆植物抗病基因的保守域,设计了简并引物,与锚定引物组合,对抗病诱导的小麦抗白粉病易位系进行了差异显示分析,共获得10个差异片段,其中两个片段R3-1和8C1.3-6Northern杂交为阳性。将这两个片段克隆后进行了测序,序列分析结果为两个新序列,GenBank登录号分别为AF498271和AF498272。R3-1没有发现同源性较高的植物基因序列,发现8C1.3-6与Sphenostylisstenocarpa 类几丁质酶基因有同源性。  相似文献   

Genotyping Cephalosporium gramineum and development of a marker for molecular diagnosis     

D. Wafai Baaj  N. Kondo 《Plant pathology》2011,60(4):730-738

This study investigated the genetic variation of 40 isolates of Cephalosporium gramineum, the causal agent of cephalosporium stripe disease of wheat, based on variations in internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and intergenic spacers (IGS) of rDNA. Of the isolates, 29 were from Japan and the rest from the USA and Europe. The ITS region was about 600 bp and almost identical among these isolates. In the IGS region (～5 kbp), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis detected four genotypes among the 40 isolates. One representative isolate was selected from each of the four genotypes, and the IGS region was sequenced. Attempts to design a genotype‐specific marker based on the size of PCR products amplified with selected primers failed to differentiate among the four genotypes. Alternatively, a species‐specific primer set (CGIGS1 and CGIGS2) was developed that annealed within the conserved region, producing a DNA fragment of about 1·8 kbp. Tests of this primer set on a wide range of other fungi from 11 genera confirmed that it was specific to C. gramineum. This primer set could serve as an effective tool in the molecular diagnosis of C. gramineum and has the potential to assist in a better understanding of the host–pathogen interaction.  相似文献   

通用引物鉴定野鸟源禽流感病毒HA亚型     

张苗  柴洪亮  杨思远  侯志军  邢明伟  孙颖  华育平 《野生动物》2011,32(3):132-135

准确、方便快捷的禽流感病毒亚型鉴定方法对于野鸟流感病毒感染与流行状况的调查监测是十分必要的。本研究参照Phipps L P等人建立的通用引物RT-PCR HA亚型鉴定方法,分别对已知为H1、H2、H3、H4、H6和H11亚型的22株野鸟流感病毒毒株以及6株未知亚型的野鸟流感病毒毒株进行了HA亚型分型的验证性试验。即利用1对通用引物对所有病毒样品进行RT-PCR扩增,将各PCR产物进行核苷酸序列测定并与GenBank上参考毒株序列进行同源性比较,以确定其HA亚型。BLAST分析显示,22株已知亚型毒株的PCR扩增产物的序列测定结果与GenBank公布的相应亚型毒株序列比较其核苷酸序列同源性均在99%～87%之间,而6株未知亚型的野鸟流感病毒毒株测得的核苷酸序列经BLAST比对分别确立为1株H4、1株H5、2株H7、2株H11亚型。利用该通用引物HA亚型鉴定方法对于已知亚型所获得的鉴定结果均与实验室原亚型鉴定结果一致,对于未知亚型能准确的确定其HA的亚型。因此相较于其他HA亚型鉴定方法,该方法简便易行,更适合于野鸟流感病毒的亚型鉴定。  相似文献