鱼油微囊化工艺及其特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘庆慧  王维杰 《海洋水产研究》1997,18(1):106-111

研究了鱼油微囊工艺及特性，采用喷雾干燥法进行鱼油微囊化研究。混合表面活性剂最适HLB值为7．5。乳液粘度影响乳液稳定性及喷雾干燥效果。固形物含量与乳液粘度有关。筛选出最适壁材是阿拉伯胶、鼓甲基纤维素、蛋白粉。微囊鱼油具有良好的稳定性。微囊工艺改善了鱼油的风味。  相似文献   

食用植物油粘度测试仪器     

潘君拯  吕天龙 《农业工程学报》1994,10(3):152-155

为研究食用植物油流变性质,选择适宜的粘度计进行测量,以Engler粘度计测量值为对照组进行实验。检验自行设计的滚球式粘度计、落柱式粘度计和从市场上购买的毛细管粘度计的相对可靠性。通过实验,用数理统计分析四种简易粘度测量结果,发现工业测量时用Engler粘度计较方便,商品检验时推荐用落柱式粘度计,食用植物油实验分析时宜用毛细管式粘度计。  相似文献   

速溶豆粉生产中真空浓缩的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

钱东平  李树春 《农业工程学报》1997,13(4):229-232

生产速溶豆粉、浓缩可除去６０％～７０％的水分，因而大大提高了喷雾干燥设备的效率，同时亦可使速溶豆粉的颗粒增大，色泽改善，减少损失，提高其速溶度，但豆浆浓缩是速溶豆粉生产中加工难度较大的工艺之一。试验表明豆浆的浓度超过２５％时，其相对粘度急剧上升，从而影响浓缩加工的正常进行；浓缩产品的粘度过大也会给喷雾干燥增加困难，本文采用试验研究和理论分析相结合的方法、利用正交的回归旋转组合设计方法安排试验，探讨真空浓缩过程中可操作因素对浓缩豆浆粘度的影响，应用约束坐标轮换法优化程序找出影响因素的最佳组合；为真空浓缩生产提供理论依据。  相似文献   

牛奶检验与喷雾干燥中的粘度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆则坚 《农业工程学报》1995,11(4):144-148

根据中、澳两国两种牛奶流变试验结果,指出牛奶流变特性受浓度、温度和牛奶品种的影响,可以采用粘度分析法进行新鲜牛奶质量鉴定,并对牛奶喷雾干燥时的温度和浓度选择提出见解。  相似文献   

Particle size heterogeneity in milled barley and sorghum grains: Effects on physico-chemical properties and starch digestibility   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G.J. Al-Rabadi  P.J. Torley  B.A. Williams  W.L. Bryden  M.J. Gidley 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

The average particle size of ground grains is known to influence properties related to processing (e.g. water absorption and solubility) and nutritional value (e.g. starch digestion rate) of human foods and animal feeds. The purpose of this study was to identify the contributions made by individual size fractions of hammer-milled barley and sorghum grains to average bulk compositional, hydration, rheological, and enzyme susceptibility properties. Barley and sorghum grains were each hammer-milled through a 4 mm screen and subsequently fractionated on a set of eight sieves ranging from 0.125 mm to 2.8 mm. Individual fractions were characterised for (1) starch, aNDF, and water content, (2) water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI), (3) viscosity profile during cooking and cooling in excess water, and (4) in vitro starch digestibility. Weighted average values based on fraction yields and property values for WAI, WSI, and starch digestibility were not significantly different from values obtained for non-fractionated ground grains of both barley and sorghum. Glucose yields from starch digestion varied about ten-fold between the smallest and largest particle fractions, and WAI and WSI had value ranges of 1.9–2.8 g/g (sorghum), 2.1–4.0 g/g (barley) and 1.3–4.5% (sorghum), 0.7–10.3% (barley), respectively. Viscosity profiles for milled sorghum grain fractions were dominated by starch swelling which became increasingly restricted as particle sizes increased. Viscosity profiles for milled barley grain fractions did not exhibit typical starch-based behaviour and were most likely dominated by soluble fibres. Taken together, the results show that there is considerable potential for designing combinations of hydration, rheological and digestibility properties of ground grains through informed selection of appropriate grains and particle size distributions.  相似文献   

Effect of β-glucans on viscoelastic properties of barley kernels and their relationship to structure and soluble dietary fibre     

P. López-Perea  P.B. Schwarz  J.D.C. Figueroa  Z.J. Hernández-Estrada 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

The stress relaxation behaviour of barley kernels with differences in β-glucan was studied using the generalized Maxwell model for explaining the differences in quality. The relaxation moduli show that cultivar significantly affected the relaxation times (τ₂ and τ₃) and compressional viscosity (η_E2 and η_E3) of the 3 Maxwell elements and the pure elastic component (E₀). These data were twice as high in cultivars with high β-glucans compared to low β-glucans. Protein and malt extract, as well as β-glucan, showed similar patterns to the corresponding cultivars from the same locations. Malt extract was correlated with both insoluble fibre (−0.71; P < 0.0007) and total fibre (−0.66; P < 0.006). High β-glucan cultivars presented relatively high soluble fibre, wort viscosity and presented higher relaxation times. Soluble fibre and the wort viscosity were correlated with relaxation times τ₁, τ₂, τ₃. Also, β-glucans were correlated with τ₃ and viscosity η_E3. The overall importance of the effect of β-glucans on viscoelasticity, malting and food quality as shown in this investigation is in agreement with earlier investigations.  相似文献   

Viscosity reduction of castor oil esters by the addition of diesel, safflower oil esters and additives     

Tina P. ThomasDavid M. Birney  Dick L. Auld 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):267-270

The high viscosity of vegetable oil can be reduced by transesterification with alcohols and converting it into biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used neat or blended with diesel as engine fuel. This study demonstrates that esters of castor oils have a higher viscosity than safflower oil derived esters and the viscosity can be reduced by blending with diesel. The viscosity increased in a non-linear fashion as the percentage of castor esters increased in castor esters diesel blends and in castor esters safflower esters blends. Only slight increases in viscosity were observed for B40 and B60 mixtures with No. 2 diesel. Addition of ten chemical additives in castor esters at the rate of 0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0% showed limited viscosity reduction.  相似文献   

小麦胚乳 A、B 型淀粉粒发育特征及黏度特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

银永安  李卫华  齐军仓  曹连莆  陈林 《作物研究》2012,26(4):337-343

利用扫描电镜对4个小麦品种不同发育时期籽粒自然断面和分离提纯的A、B型淀粉粒进行观察,并采用黏度糊化仪对小麦面粉和成熟小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒分别进行黏度测定.电镜扫描结果显示,小麦授粉3d有凝胶状物质产生于造粉体内壁,6d可明显看到部分造粉体被淀粉粒充满,此时淀粉粒雏形已现,9d淀粉粒体积增大,基本充满所有造粉体,12d前观察到的均为A型淀粉粒,15d有B型淀粉粒出现,18d以后造粉体被完全破坏降解,只留存有A、B型淀粉粒和各自表面的结合蛋白.这说明12d前是A型淀粉粒形成时期,后逐渐形成B型淀粉粒.黏度糊化测定结果表明,A、B型淀粉粒糊化后呈天蓝色,而面粉糊化后呈白色.其次,所测小麦样品糊化焓变和峰值黏度大小表现为B型淀粉粒＞A型淀粉粒＞小麦面粉.  相似文献   

正丁醇开环环氧菜籽油制备脂肪酸多元醇的研究     

徐玉玲  王婷婷  张红  张泉水  高新蕾 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(1):231-233

以菜籽油为原料,首先合成环氧菜籽油,再由合成的环氧菜籽油与正丁醇在对甲苯磺酸作催化剂的条件下,通过开环加成反应制备高羟值菜籽油多元醇。研究了水用量、正丁醇用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对合成反应的影响,并对产物的羟值和黏度进行测试。结果表明,当水用量为50g,正丁醇用量为1mol,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为60min时,菜籽油多元醇的羟值相对较高。最后,对高羟值产物进行了红外（IR）分析。  相似文献   

Earthworms bring compacted and loose soil to a similar mechanical state     

P. Barré  B.M. McKenzie  P.D. Hallett 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(3):656-658

We tested the hypothesis that earthworms stabilise loose soil and loosen compacted soil to a similar mechanical state. Casts collected from initially loose soil (980 kg m⁻³) had 10-fold greater viscosity (31 kPa s) and 5-fold greater yield stress (200 Pa) than a control soil without worms. Lumbricus terrestris; Dendrobaena sp. and Aporrectodea longa were all investigated, with no difference found between species. In compacted soils (1300 kg m⁻³), A. longa produced casts with similar mechanical properties to loose soil, with viscosity and yield stress decreased by 45% compared to the control without worms. Earthworms were shown to bring initially loose and compacted soil to an intermediate mechanical state that is more favourable for structural stability and root growth.  相似文献