利用草菇棉籽壳废料栽培鸡腿蘑技术研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

董昌金 《安徽农业科学》2004,32(4):717-718

进行了草菇棉籽壳废料 5个培养基配方栽培鸡腿蘑试验。结果表明 :鸡腿蘑培养料中草菇棉籽壳废料添加量为 3 0 %～5 0 %时 ,菌丝长满料袋时间较短 (18～ 19d) ,现蕾时间较早 (3 7d) ,出菇产量较高 (生物学效率为 73 .4%～ 77.3 % ) ,经济效益最好  相似文献   

N2O emissions from different cropping systems and from aerated,nitrifying and denitrifying tanks of a municipal waste water treatment plant     

G. Benckiser  R. Eilts  A. Linn  H. -J. Lorch  E. Sümer  A. Weiske  F. Wenzhöfer 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,23(3):257-265

Nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate, water-soluble carbon and biological O₂ demand (BOD₅) were quantified in different cropping systems fertilized with varying amounts of nitrogen (clayey loam, October 1991 to May 1992), in an aerated tank (March 1993 to March 1994), and in the nitrification-denitrification unit (March to July 1994) of a municipal waste water treatment plant. In addition, the N₂O present in the soil body at different depths was determined (February to July 1994). N₂O was emitted by all cropping systems (mean releases 0.13–0.35 mg N₂O m^-2 h^-1), and all the units of the domestic waste water treatment plant (aerated tank 0–6.2 mg N₂O m^-2 h^-1, nitrification tank 0–204,3 mg N₂O m^-2, h^-1, denitrifying unit 0–2.2 mg N₂O m^-2 h^-1). During the N₂O-sampling periods estimated amounts of 0.9, 1.5, 2.4 and 1.4 kg N₂O–N ha^-1, respectively, were released by the cropping systems. The aerated, nitrifying and denitrifying tanks of the municipal waste water treatment plant released mean amounts of 9.1, 71.6 and 1.8 g N₂O–N m^-2, respectively, during the sampling periods.The N₂O emission were significantly positively correlated with nitrate concentrations in the field plots which received no N fertilizer and with the nitrogen content of the aerated sludge tank that received almost exclusively N in the form of NH ₄ ⁺ . Available carbon, in contrast, was significantly negatively correlated with the N₂O emitted in the soil fertilized with 80 kg N ha^-1 year. The significant negative correlation between the emitted N₂O and the carbon to nitrate ratio indicates that the lower the carbon to nitrate ratio the higher the amount of N₂O released. Increasing N₂O emissions seem to occur at electron donorto-acceptor ratios (C_H2_O or BOD₅-to-nitrate ratios) below 50 in the cropping systems and below 1200–1400 in the waste water treatment plant. The trapped N₂O in the soil body down to a depth of 90 cm demonstrates that agricultural production systems seem to contain a considerable pool of N₂O which may be reduced to N₂ on its way to the atmosphere, which may be transported to other environments or which may be released at sometime in the future.Dedicated to Professor J.C.G. Ottow on the occasion of his 60th birthday  相似文献   

呼和浩特市城市垃圾管理决策系统研究     

李立军  白云莉  刘景辉  彭艳萍  邢洪涛 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,25(1):91-98

本文在总结国内外对城市垃圾处理技术发展情况的基础上，根据呼和浩特市垃圾处理的现状及其中存在的问题．以visualj^ 6．0应用程序为核心，结合Photoshop、Access，Fxbase和FIaSh等软件，构建了呼和浩特市垃圾管理决策系统平台。该平台包括垃圾处理、垃圾现状、垃圾预测及系统信息4个模块．并且通过初步运行表明，本系统可以实现基于垃圾产生量、处理技术、处理方法的较为理想的资源配置决策。  相似文献   

Changes in the genetic structure of Bacteria and microbial activity in an agricultural soil amended with tannery sludge     

André S. Nakatani  Marco A. Nogueira  Admilton G. Oliveira  José P. Sousa 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):106-114

The application of tannery sludge to soils is a form of recycling; however, few studies have examined the impacts of this practice on soil microbial properties. We studied effects of two applications (2006 and 2007) of tannery sludge (with a low chromium content) on the structure of the bacterial community and on the microbial activity of soils. We fertilized an agricultural area in Rolândia, Paraná state, Brazil with different doses of sludge based on total N content, which ranged from 0 to 1200 kg N ha⁻¹. Sludge remained on the soil surface for three months before being plowed. Soils were sampled seven times during the experiment. Bacterial community structure, assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), was modified by the application of tannery sludge. Soon after the first application, there was clear separation between the bacterial communities in different treatments, such that each dose of sludge was associated with a specific community. These differences remained until 300 days after application and also after the second sludge application, but 666 days after the beginning of the experiment no differences were found in the bacterial communities of the lowest doses and the control. The principal response curve (PRC) analysis showed that the first sludge application strongly stimulated biological activity even 300 days after application. The second application also stimulated activity, but at a lower magnitude and for a shorter time, given that 260 days after the second application there was no difference in biological activity among treatments. PRC also showed that the properties most influenced by the application of tannery sludge were enzymatic activities related to N cycling (asparaginase and urease). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that tannery sludge’s influence on microbial activity is mainly related to increases in inorganic N and soil pH. Results showed that changes in the structure of the bacterial community in the studied soils were directly related to changes of their biological activity.  相似文献   

一种新型鼓泡曝气装置的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李振安  Graham Sugget 《农业工程学报》1997,13(1):97-100

一种由增强ＰＶＣ材料制成的微孔曝气软管，外径２５ｍｍ，其管壁上有不通的锥孔，锥顶接近外表面，大端孔径０．０５ｍｍ，每米管长有２万个孔。在充气压力下，锥孔打开，并产生０．２５～１ｍｍ的气泡，额定过流能力为１ｍ^３／（ｈ·ｍ），试验表明该管有较高的增氧能力和增氧动力效率（４～６ｋｇ／ｋＷ·ｈ），可广泛用于污水处理和水产养殖  相似文献   

生物磷肥制备及应用研究概况     

张珊 《安徽农业科学》2015,(30):98-99

为了给生物磷肥的制备及其更好的应用提供参考,对传统磷肥存在的问题、生物磷肥的特点、优势以及废弃磷矿石在制备生物磷肥上的应用等方面进行介绍。以废弃磷矿石为原料,利用解磷微生物制取生物磷肥,具有作用时间短、条件易控制、肥效高等优势,现已成为废弃磷矿的主要用途之一。可见,利用解磷微生物能将无工业价值的废弃磷矿石转化为生物磷肥。  相似文献   

Study on the Prepressing of Flakeboard Containing Waste Paper     

Günther Gerischer  Dave Reeves 《Southern Forests》2013,75(1):73-76

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the strength properties of a composite board containing waste paper as a core material, could be improved by the prior prepressing of the core material before pressing the product to final thickness. Results indicated that intermediate cold prepressing of the core layer had no effect on the bending strength and MOE and can thus be eliminated. Flakeboard containing Kraft waste paper appears to be superior to commercial particle boards, with regard to thickness swelling in water. Results so far obtained indicate that waste paper can be utilized for flakeboard manufacture.  相似文献   

废弃食用油脂资源化利用研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡昊  贺文智  黄菊文  胥清波  安莹  李光明 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(11):5004-5007,5013

废弃食用油脂主要含有甘油三脂和脂肪酸类有机物,易腐化变质滋生毒害物质,危害人类健康、污染环境。另一方面,废弃食用油脂回收利用合理则是一种资源,可作为生产洗涤剂、脂肪酸、混凝土制品脱模剂、生物柴油等化工和能源产品的原料,也可作为制备生物表面活性剂、单细胞蛋白等生物产品的有机碳源。简述了废弃食用油脂的危害,详细介绍了国内外常用的废弃食用油脂资源化利用方法,并展望了废弃食用油脂资源化利用的研究方向。  相似文献   

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定废水中4种氯苯类有机污染物     

乐小亮  何娟  肖娇 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(13):5894-5896

[目的]采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定废水中4种氯苯类有机污染物。[方法]利用固相萃取技术,结合高效液相色谱法(PDA检测器)分析废水中4种氯苯类有机污染物,比较了ODS-C18、Sep-Park Vac Silica、Bond Elut CARBON、Bond Elut SI和Bond ElutPLEXA 5种SPE小柱对4种氯苯类的萃取效率,并系统研究了最佳萃取条件。[结果]氯苯、1,4-二氯苯和1,2,4-三氯苯的紫外检测波长为210 nm,而1,2-二氯苯的检测波长为224 nm;通过比较5种SPE小柱的萃取效率,发现ODS-C18小柱有很好的回收率。甲醇的最佳洗脱体积为4.0 ml;除氯苯外,其他氯苯类化合物的穿透体积都在1.0 L以上,而氯苯的穿透体积为250 ml,表明ODS-C18小柱对二氯苯和三氯苯具有很强的吸附性。在最佳萃取和测定条件下,该方法线性范围为0.005～0.100 mg/L,检出限为0.076～0.105μg/L,完全满足日常环境监测分析要求。[结论]该研究为氯苯类环境监测分析提供了参考。  相似文献   

银耳废料综合利用及其应用前景     

师萱  杨勇  谭红军 《安徽农业科学》2013,(25):10430-10432

综述了银耳废料的产生及利用现状、综合利用途径等,并详细阐述了银耳废料中的生物活性物质,以期为银耳废料的合理应用提供科学依据.  相似文献