棉花枯萎病的光谱识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田会东  谢宝瑜  赵永超  耿修瑞  简桂良  于凯 《棉花学报》2008,20(1):51-55

 采用“积分球—光谱仪”联用技术测量了健康棉叶和感染了枯萎病的棉叶的光谱反射率,发现健康棉叶与感病棉叶在光谱曲线上有很高的可区分性。用健康棉叶的波谱带作为分类器分别对“健康—发病期”和“健康—潜病期”两组棉叶的波谱集合进行分类,总体分类精度分别为100%和92%。将测得的光谱数据转化为Landsat TM卫星多光谱数据,同样用健康棉叶的光谱带对以上两组波谱集进行分类,总体分类精度分别为96%和92%。试验结果为遥感技术在监测棉花枯萎病上的应用提供了理论支持。  相似文献   

Etiology and characterization of cucumber vine decline in Oman     

A.M. Al-Sadi  F.A. Al-SaidK.S. Al-Kiyumi  R.S. Al-MahrouqiI.H. Al-Mahmooli  M.L. Deadman 《Crop Protection》2011,30(2):192-197

A long-term study was conducted between 2000 and 2009 to characterize the incidence, progress and causal agents of cucumber vine decline in Oman. A survey in 175 different greenhouses showed that disease incidence levels range from 0 to 50%, with the highest levels of mortality being in the hotter seasons. Detailed temporal disease increase data from 24 different greenhouses showed mortality progress consists of two phases. The first phase is characterized by attack of young seedlings (<3 weeks old), resulting in damping-off disease. The second phase was characterized by re-appearance of symptoms and plant death (vine decline) during the fruit setting period, 35-50 days after transplanting. Isolations from 148 declining adult cucumber plants yielded Pythium aphanidermatum (80%), Pythium spinosum (13%), Fusarium equiseti (12%), Fusarium solani (8%), Rhizoctonia solani (5%) and one isolate each of Trichoderma hamatum and Bionectria sp. P. aphanidermatum, P. spinosum, R. solani and F. solani were found to be pathogenic on cucumber, with P. aphanidermatum being the most aggressive. This appears to be the first report of association of P. spinosum with vine decline in greenhouse cucumbers and the first report of the high susceptibility of adult cucumber plants to vine decline during the initial period of fruit setting. In addition, this is the first report of association of R. solani and F. solani with declining adult cucumber plants in Oman and the first report of the occurrence of T. hamatum and Bionectria species in the country.  相似文献   

新疆陆地棉品种抗枯、黄萎病鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

易海艳  查向浩  马江峰  马刘峰 《塔里木大学学报》2010,22(3):16-21

通过对供试的20个新疆陆地棉品种在苗期、花蕾期、吐絮期和剖杆检查进行抗枯、黄萎病的鉴定。结果显示,在抗枯萎病鉴定中,没有发现对枯萎病免疫及高抗品种,其中抗病品种有1个,耐病品种有2个,感病品种有11个,特别高感的品种有6个;在非落叶型病圃抗黄萎病鉴定中,没有发现对黄萎病免疫材料,高抗品种有1个,抗病品种3个,耐病品种7个,特别高感的品种有9个;而在落叶型病圃鉴定中,也没有发现对黄萎病免疫和抗病的品种,其中耐病品种有2个,感病品种有8个,高感品种10个。  相似文献   

Wilt disease management and enhancement of growth and yield of Cajanus cajan (L) var. Manak by bacterial combinations amended with chemical fertilizer     

Harish Kumar  Vivek K. Bajpai  R.C. Dubey  D.K. Maheshwari  Sun Chul Kang 《Crop Protection》2010

Root nodulating Sinorhizobium fredii KCC5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK2 were isolated from nodules of Cajanus cajan and disease suppressive soil of tomato rhizosphere, respectively. Both strains produced IAA, siderophore, solubilized insoluble phosphate, showed chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities, and strongly inhibited the growth of Fusarium udum. It also caused degradation and digestion of cell wall components, resulting in hyphal perforations, empty cell (halo) formation, shrinking and lysis of fungal mycelia along with significant degeneration of conidia. LPK2 produced volatile cyanogen (HCN). Combinations of S. fredii KCC5 and P. fluorescens LPK2 with half dose of chemical fertilizers showed a significant increase in seed germination (94%) while seed germination with co-inoculated strains (KCC5 + LPK2), KCC5 and LPK2 alone was 90, 84 and 82% respectively as compared to control 77%. After 120 days of sowing, per plant number of pods, nodules, shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight were greater for the combination with half dose of chemical fertilizers compared to the control. Combinations of S. fredii KCC5 and P. fluorescens LPK2 with half dose of chemical fertilizers resulted in an 82% increase in grain yield per hectare compared to the control. Both strains KCC5 and LPK2 led to proto-cooperation as evidenced by synergism, aggressive colonization of the roots, and enhanced growth, suggesting potential biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium wilt in C. cajan.  相似文献   

浙江省蚕区桑树“凋萎”症状病因诊断   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吕志强  王汉荣  周勤  王连平  方丽  茹水江  林天宝  叶伟清  朱燕 《蚕业科学》2007,33(4):528-533

从浙江省临安、桐庐等地桑园中的"凋萎"桑树根、茎部获得151个细菌分离物样品。经离体水培接种试验表明,这些分离物均可引起桑树"凋萎"症状,其形态、大小、染色反应、培养性状与对照番茄青枯菌(Ralstonia so-lanacearum)相近;PCR鉴定其中125个分离物为雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)。结合田间发生症状,将桑树"凋萎"症状诊断为细菌性青枯病。从125个雷尔氏菌株中选择16个典型菌株进行研究,根据生理小种划分标准,这些菌株均为雷尔氏菌的生理小种1,其中75%为青枯菌的生化型Ⅴ、25%为青枯菌的生化型Ⅲ。  相似文献   

北京延庆甘蓝枯萎病发生和危害调查     

张扬  郑建秋  吴学宏  师迎春  谷培云  李健强 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(5)

【研究目的】对北京市延庆县2002—2006年期间甘蓝枯萎病的田间发生和危害进行了追踪和实地调查,旨在为后续研究和病害综合控制实践提供参考。【方法】文献追溯法、田间实地调查、数据分析方法;【结果】近五年来甘蓝枯萎病在北京市延庆县的发生呈现快速上升趋势,由2002年的2个村约13.3hm2发展到2006年的25个村86.7hm2,提高了6.5倍。病害造成的产量损失高达30%以上,甚至绝收。甘蓝枯萎病的发生和危害与田间土壤、气候和品种抗病性关系密切;生产中目前尚无有效的预防控制措施。系统研究病原种类、初侵染来源和病害传播方式具有紧迫性。【结论】加速甘蓝种子健康检测和杀菌剂预防保健处理、筛选适合与土壤消毒的化学药进行应急防治的配套技术措施研究是病害综合防治的重点。  相似文献   

棉花抗黄萎病种质资源的选育与鉴定   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

崔淑芳  李俊兰  金卫平  王广恩 《华北农学报》2006,21(Z2):180-182

棉花黄萎病是目前棉花高产、稳产的主要障碍,近年来我国棉花黄萎病不断蔓延,危害逐年加重,其主要原因之一就是生产上缺乏抗黄萎病品种。河北省农科院棉花研究所在枯黄萎病混生病圃连续多年的定向选择,培育出的冀616和冀171等,是棉花抗黄萎病育种的优良种质材料。  相似文献   

中国姜瘟病的研究进展   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

刘铭  张敏  戢俊臣  尹福强  张宇  涂勇  叶亚军 《中国农学通报》2005,21(6):337-337

姜瘟病是中国生姜生产上发生较为普遍的病害,是由青枯劳尔氏菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）引起的。此病原菌寄主范围广,可侵染44个科300多种植物。菌体短杆状,在TZC选择性培养基上培养出现白边较宽和白边较窄的两种菌落。菌系划分为5个生理小种和5个生化型,中国的姜瘟菌主要属生理小种1号,生物型属II、III、IV。此病害是一种较难防治的土传病害,在高温、高湿、雨水多、氮肥过量的情况下发生较为严重。中国植病工作者对此病害作了大量的研究工作,对中国姜瘟病的病原菌、发病规律、及防治等研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

嫁接栽培对茄子黄萎病抗性及产量的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

宋敏丽 《华北农学报》2006,21(2):124-126

试验以赤茄,GS2,CRP和托鲁巴姆等4个野生茄子为砧木,以油罐茄、黑又亮、短把黑、快圆茄和二民茄等5 个山西省主栽品种为接穗,进行了茄子嫁接栽培的田间试验和果实品质的测试。结果表明:茄子嫁接成活率可达 88．5％以上;4个供试砧木中,托鲁巴姆对茄子黄萎病的抗病性最强;20个砧穗组合中,快圆茄／托鲁巴姆的综合指标最佳,与对照相比,发病率降低41．7％,总产量增加75．4％;嫁接株果实品质的主要指标没有下降。  相似文献   

石榴枯萎病菌拮抗菌B110的分离鉴定     

周银丽  郭建伟  杨伟  胡先奇 《中国果业信息》2018,47(6)

本研究从云南建水石榴园、蒙自石榴园采集的土样中分离筛选到对石榴枯萎病菌有较强拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌,其中菌株B110对石榴枯萎病菌的室内抑制率为65.88%,研究表明菌株B110能在石榴根际稳定定殖,具有潜在生防价值。结合菌株B110的培养性状、菌落形态观察、生理生化特性分析(Biolog系统)及gyrB基因序列分析,将菌株B110初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。  相似文献