Effect of soil matric potential on tomato yield and water use under drip irrigation condition     

Dan Wang  Yaohu Kang  Shuqin Wan 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under drip irrigation condition in North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments, which controlled SMP at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter higher than −10 (S1), −20 (S2), −30 (S3), −40 (S4) and −50 kPa (S5), respectively, after tomato plant establishment. The results showed that different SMP affected irrigation amount and tomato ET. Irrigation amount decreased from 185 mm (S1) to 83.6 mm (S5) in 2004, and from 165 mm (S1) to 109 mm (S5) in 2005, respectively. The ET decreased from 270 mm (S1) to 202 mm (S5) in both years. However, it was found that SMP did not affect the tomato yield significantly, for the range of SMP investigated. Both WUE and IWUE increased as SMP decreased. The maximum WUE (253 and 217 kg/ha mm) and IWUE (620 and 406 kg/ha mm) were for S5 in 2 years, whereas the minimum WUE (178 and 155 kg/ha mm) and IWUE 261 and 259 kg/ha mm) were for S1 in 2004 and 2005. Based on the above results, therefore, it is recommended that if the tomatoes are well irrigated (SMP is higher than −20 kPa) during establishment, controlling SMP higher than −50 kPa at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter can be used as an indicator for drip irrigation scheduling during following period of tomato growth in North China Plain.  相似文献   

Environmental services and poverty reduction: Options for smallholders in the Sahel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Petra Tschakert 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Environmental service provision is increasingly discussed as a potential new venue for the simultaneous pursuit of development and natural resource conservation objectives, particularly among landowners in the low-income tropics. To date, most of the experience with such market-regulated mechanisms comes from water and forest projects in Latin America. Preliminary evidence suggests that participation of, and benefits to, small-scale land users are highly unequal and that the synergistic goals of poverty reduction and resource conservation through these emerging market mechanisms might be overly ambitious. This paper assesses the possibility of pro-poor environmental service provision through carbon sequestration among smallholders in the Sahel. It focuses on a case study in the small-scale, rain-fed agricultural systems of the Old Peanut Basin of Senegal. Based on a conceptual framework including economic, institutional, policy and livelihood factors, it assesses to the extent to which specific groups of farmers are able or willing to participate in and benefit from potential carbon offset programs. Finally, the paper stresses the need for adequate and equitable financial support and a careful rethinking of the institutional structures necessary to enhance rural livelihoods and natural resource management in drylands, with or without market-based environmental service programs.  相似文献   

Is partial root-zone drying an effective irrigation technique to improve water use efficiency and fruit quality in field-grown wine grapes under semiarid conditions?     

M.L. De la Hera  P. Romero  E. Gómez-Plaza  A. Martinez 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

We investigated the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applied at different periods on leaf water relations, vegetative development, fruit yield, must and wine quality in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell) during a 3-year field experiment in order to determine the importance of the timing of PRD application on physiological and agronomical vine response under semiarid conditions. Two irrigation treatments were applied: conventional drip irrigation (CI) and PRD. Both treatments received the same annual water quantity. Each year the PRD treatment was applied at different periods of the growth cycle. In 1999 PRD was applied from veraison to harvest (end July–early September); in 2000 from fruit set to harvest (mid June–early September); and in 2001 PRD from budburst to harvest (mid April–early September). Leaf water relations and gas exchange during the experimental period were not significantly affected by PRD treatment. In 1999 and 2000 there was no significant treatment effect on vegetative development, yield or fruit quality. However, in 2001 (when PRD was applied from budburst to harvest), reproductive and vegetative development was clearly altered in PRD vines. Fruit set percentage and vegetative development (shoot length, pruning weight and primary and lateral leaf area) were significantly increased in PRD vines compared to CI. This resulted in both higher yield (kg per vine) (43%) and water use efficiency (40%) compared to CI vines. Berry number per cluster and cluster weight were also significantly increased in PRD vines. Notwithstanding higher yield in PRD vines and a similar berry size, the must and wine quality was not significantly altered, indicating a higher synthesis and accumulation of photoassimilates and metabolites in the berries of PRD vines. We conclude that there was an positive effect on vegetative and reproductive growth when long-term PRD was applied from the beginning of growing season (budburst), suggesting that early onset of PRD is desirable to intensify PRD response under these semiarid conditions. Nevertheless from these results we need to further investigate the long- and short-term effects of PRD, with moderate water amounts, on vegetative and reproductive development such as flowering and fruit set processes in wine grapes.  相似文献   

折减系数在边坡中的应用     

周军 《湖南农机》2007,(11):7-8

选择边坡内某些监测点的位移特征作为强度折减法的边坡破坏判据.为分析边坡滑面的位置和位移方式选取的合理性,分别对均质土坡建立数值模型,计算结果与实地调查相吻合.  相似文献   

Can carbon sequestration markets benefit low-income producers in semi-arid Africa? Potentials and challenges   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carlos Perez  Carla Roncoli  Constance Neely  Jean L. Steiner 《Agricultural Systems》2007

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.  相似文献   

不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈焕丽  郭竞  张晓静  王颖  郑军伟  吴焕章 《中国瓜菜》2021,(4):79-82

采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响。结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效益、商品薯率均有一定影响。其中,硫酸钾与氯化钾配施显著提高了株高和主茎数;二者配施提高了块茎中总氨基酸、还原糖和钾的含量;二者配施后冲施黄腐酸显著提高了马铃薯产量、经济效益、商品薯率。二者配施后冲施黄腐酸马铃薯产量和商品薯率均最高,平均667 m2产量达3691.4 kg,且有效降低土壤碱性。单施氯化钾较单施硫酸钾处理更易促进马铃薯块茎中氨基酸合成;而单独施用硫酸钾更易促进钾的吸收,使马铃薯块茎表皮更光滑、有光泽,外观品质更好。  相似文献   

补灌水平对宁南山区露地青花菜产量、品质及耕层水分动态的影响     

冯海萍  杨冬艳  谢华  裴红霞 《中国瓜菜》2021,(3)

为探究宁夏南部山区自然降水条件下露地青花菜的最佳补灌灌溉方案,采用大田田间对比试验,设置5个补灌水平,在宁夏原州区冷凉蔬菜基地开展补灌水平对土壤水分分布、青花菜产量、品质、水分利用效率的试验研究。结果表明,青花菜全生育期自然降雨主要集中在7月份,且占全生育期降雨量的78.49%,此月份无需补灌即可满足生育后期对水分的需求;不同处理青花菜生育期内土层深度20 cm处土壤含水率总体表现为W5(27mm·667m^-2)>W4(22.5mm·667 m^-2)>W3(18 mm·667 m^-2)>W2(13.5 mm·667 m^-2)>W1(9 mm·667 m^-2),补灌后各处理土壤含水率均达到田间持水量的85%以上;补灌灌溉水平对青花菜花球产量性状、营养品质均有显著影响,W3处理经济总产量最高,达1524.10 kg·667 m^-2,显著高于其他处理6.28%~33.24%;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量也最高,W3可溶性糖含量显著高于W1、W4和W5处理24.46%、12.20%、21.41%,W3可溶性蛋白含量显著高于W135.78%,且可溶性固形物和维生素C质量分数也较高,分别为6.26 g·100 g^-1和9.57 mg·100 g^-1。基于主成分分析的青花菜膜下滴灌最优补灌方案为补灌灌溉定额为69 mm,苗期-莲座期补灌灌水2次,灌水量为33mm,莲座期-球前期补灌灌水2次,灌水量36mm,结球前期-采收期补水主要依靠自然降雨。该结果可为本区露地冷凉青花菜夏季栽培产量的积累与水资源的合理应用提供理论指导。  相似文献   

中微量元素对番茄产量和品质影响的整合分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

石如岳  王冲  杨俊雪  于点  高萌萌 《中国瓜菜》2021,(3)

基于已有文献数据讨论了施用中微量元素对番茄单果质量、产量和品质影响的程度,以期为科学施用中微量元素肥料提供依据。研究数据来源于中国知网、万方数据和Web of science,以不施用中微量元素为对照,选择反应比作为效应值,通过Meta分析方法综合分析施用中微量元素对番茄产量和品质的作用效果,并分亚组进行讨论分析。整合分析发现,施用中微量元素能够显著提高番茄果实单果质量和产量,提高比率分别为5.8%、10.2%;显著提高了果实中维生素C和番茄红素含量,提高比率分别为26.3%、69.4%;显著降低了果实中硝酸盐含量达6.7%。综上,施用中微量元素能够显著提高番茄果实单果质量、产量和维生素C含量、番茄红素含量等品质指标,叶面喷施效果优于土壤施用,微量元素效果优于中量元素,且中微量元素施用应以平衡施肥为前提。  相似文献   

2020年江苏春茶减产原因分析     

孔志平  孔雪咏  任义方  陈欣 《中国茶叶》2021,(2):40-44

2020年江苏早春气温平稳上升,几乎未发生晚霜冻,茶叶产量较往年却减产10％～20％.文章利用主产区气象站历史观测资料和2020年茶叶生产相关资料,分析其减产原因,认为2020年早春气温异常偏高,开采期比常年提前10 d以上,3月17—27日最高气温基本维持在20℃以上,采摘洪峰来得早,受疫情影响引起的茶场人力不足,严...  相似文献   

跨区域量化比较3种土壤类型坡面的拦蓄径流能力     

闫颖如  张文太  胡桂清 《水土保持通报》2024,44(2):128-136,290

[目的] 基于定量化数值建立一个跨区域评价不同土壤类型和管理措施坡面拦蓄径流能力的指标体系,为水土流失防治工作提供科学指导。 [方法] 在新疆维吾尔自治区伊宁市北山坡的灰钙土、棕红土坡面和贵州赤水市大石河小流域的紫色土坡面各布设了4种管理措施的径流小区,基于2019—2021年4—9月的自然降雨量和径流量观测数据,用径流系数、径流曲线数(CN值)和降雨产流阈值数据量化比较了12个径流小区的减流能力。 [结果] 不同土壤拦蓄径流能力排序为：灰钙土＜棕红土＜紫色土,其CN值分别为90.05,89.53和77.36;其降雨产流阈值分别为3.44,3.50和14.96 mm。不同评价指标结果均显示,灰钙土和棕红土管理措施坡面的拦蓄径流能力顺序为：枯草覆盖＞水平沟＞增渗孔＞对照;紫色土管理措施坡面减流能力的顺序为：园地＞草地＞耕地＞对照。对于对照小区,当径流系数增加1%时,灰钙土、棕红土和紫色土的径流深分别增加了1.73,2.61和6.79 mm;当CN值增加1时,3种土壤坡面的径流深则将分别减少1.00,1.00和0.71 mm。 [结论] 跨区域评价不同土壤类型坡面的减流能力时,推荐用CN值和降雨产流阈值指标,不宜使用径流系数。  相似文献