长江口中华绒螫蟹蟹苗资源的数量波动及其合理利用     

詹秉义  陈亚明  戴小杰  柳卫海 《上海水产大学学报》1999,(4)

本大根据1972年至1997年长江口中华绒螫蟹的成蟹和蟹苗生产统计资料和径流量、温度等环境因子资料,用简单的里克繁殖模型拟合得出其亲体量与补充量的关系为：R＝9．583Pexp(－0．001406P),其最大补充量听对应的亲体量指数为711．2,用考虑环境条件变化的里克繁殖模型拟合得出补充量与环境条件指数、亲体量的关系如下式：Rt＝(55．847－16．122X1－32．1X2－56．46X3＋29．471X4)Ptexp(－0．001406Pt),Rt、Pt分别代表t年的蟹苗产量指数、亲体量指数,X1、X2、X3、X4依次代表当年5月份平均水温指数、当年3月至5月份平均水温指数、前一年12月至当年3月份平均径流量指数、当年5月份平均径流量指数。文中着重指出目前由于过度捕捞所造成的长江口中华绒螫蟹的成蟹和蟹苗资源衰退的严重程度,并为恢复和保护成蟹资源、合理利用长江口天然河蟹蟹苗资源、振兴长江口河蟹渔业,提出看法和建议。  相似文献   

Preliminary assessment of shallow water fish in three small intermittently open estuaries in southeastern Australia     

S. P. GRIFFITHS  R. J. WEST 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1999,6(4):311-321

Abstract Small and juvenile fish from three intermittently open estuaries in south-eastern Australia were sampled with a seine net to investigate species richness and the effect of estuary openings on assemblages. A total of 7285 fish were captured, representing 29 species. The most numerous fish were hardyhead, Atherinosoma microstoma Günther, flathead gudgeon, Philypnodon grandiceps Krefft, and non-native mosquito fish, Gambusia holbrooki Girard. Economic species included sand whiting, Sillago ciliata Cuvier, and sand mullet, Myxus elongatus Günther. Significant differences in the numbers of species and the numbers of individuals were found between estuaries, but were not observed for individual estuaries before and after opening. However, fish assemblages changed after opening, with several species recruiting from the ocean. Small, intermittently open estuaries present a complex management problem. These waterbodies are easily degraded in terms of water quality and sedimentation, and are often opened mechanically as a result of flooding or health concerns. The importance of these areas as fish habitats and the recorded changes in fish assemblages after opening suggest that careful management is required, including improved assessment of the impact of entrance manipulation.  相似文献   

珠江河口重金属镉的含量与分布的季节特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡锡永  赖子尼  赵元凤  王超  魏泰莉  蒋万祥  杨婉玲  庞世勋 《中国水产科学》2011,18(3):629-635

对珠江河口水体、沉积物和生物体中重金属镉(Cd)的含量与分布进行调查研究,结果表明,水体中Cd含量范围在0.022～0.047 1 mg/L,并且Cd含量在时间上由高到低依次为:2月、5月、11月、8月,2月Cd含量显著高于5月、8月和11月(P＜0.05).以海水水质标准衡量,珠江河口水体2008年中大部分时间为海水二类水质.沉积物中Cd含量范围在5.062～9.239 mg/kg,平均含量为6.974 me/kg,并且沉积物中Cd含量均超过海洋沉积物3类标准.与国内外河口比较,珠江河口沉积物中Cd含量处在较高水平,污染比较严重,并且有逐年升高的趋势.生物体中Cd含量范围在0.144～0.430 mg/kg,鱼类Cd含量均超过国家水产品卫生标准,并且肉食性鱼类Cd含量略高于杂食性鱼类,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).与往年调查进行比较发现,珠江河口鱼类Cd含量2000年较1988年有大幅增加,并且2000年以后增加也比较明显.  相似文献   

Rapid salinity changes affect the survival and physiology of a penaeid prawn: Implications of flood events on recruitment to the fishery          下载免费PDF全文

K. J. Tyler  A. Becker  N. A. Moltschaniwskyj  M. D. Taylor 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2017,24(6):478-487

Estuaries act as nurseries for many penaeid prawns, but these habitats are highly susceptible to salinity decline through flooding. The rate of salinity decline and duration of exposure to non‐optimal salinity may affect survival and subsequent recruitment of prawns to the fishery. This study aimed to determine the effect of salinity fluctuations observed in local estuaries during flood events using a novel dilution approach. Mortality of juvenile Melicertus plebejus (Hess) was assessed after 24 hr exposure to 24 rates of salinity decline ranging from 0.01% to 20% per hr. After the salinity decline, prawns were held at the final salinities for five days before again assessing mortality as well as aerobic metabolic rate and prawn water content. Salinity decline from 36 to ~0.8 led to 50% mortality, but continued exposure to low salinity for five days increased mortality at this salinity to 99% and shifted the 50% mortality point to salinity ~5. Aerobic metabolic rate and water content data suggested the cause of mortality due to exposure to salinities < 5 was osmoregulatory failure. Rapid salinity declines over 24 hr and sustained low salinity due to flooding could compromise the survival of juvenile prawns, potentially reducing recruitment to the fishery.  相似文献   

长江近口段鳗苗捕捞量的时间格局及其与生态因子的GAM模型分析     

郭弘艺  张旭光  唐文乔  张亚  吴嘉敏  沈林宏 《水产学报》2017,41(4):547-555

为研究长江口鳗苗捕捞量与生态因子的相互关系,于2012年汛期对长江靖江段鳗苗的捕捞量进行了监测,采用广义可加模型(GAM)对日捕捞量与水温、潮差、气压、浑浊度等生态因子之间的相关性作了分析。结果显示,靖江段鳗苗汛期为1月下旬—4月上旬,单船总捕捞量为221~443尾,平均(344.8±83.4)尾。1月均值仅0.4尾/d,且空网率高达90.9%;4月为旺汛期,均值10.4尾/d,空网率仅为10.0%。GAM模型显示,潮汐周期—月份交互项、水温和潮差对鳗苗日捕捞量的影响显著,而气压、浊度和月相周期对鳗苗日捕捞量的影响不显著。潮汐周期—月份交互项、水温和潮差对鳗苗日捕捞量的偏差解释率分别为42.4%、19.1%和13.1%,均呈现正相关关系。统计也显示,日捕捞量表现出上、下弦月较低、新月或满月前后较高的半月周期波动。鳗苗捕获的最低水温为6.3℃,而10~15℃为适宜捕捞水温。高潮期和低潮期分别占总捕捞量的76.8%和23.2%。研究表明,长江口鳗苗在借助潮汐流而快速溯河的过程中,部分在口门水域即被捕获,部分滞留在了长江河口段,而影响鳗苗溯河的重要生态因子是潮汐和水温。  相似文献   

黄河口及其邻近水域鱼类生物完整性评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张芮  徐宾铎  薛莹  张崇良  任一平  陈文蕾 《中国水产科学》2017,24(5):946-952

根据2013—2014年在黄河口及其邻近海域进行的鱼类资源底拖网调查数据,并结合20世纪80年代和90年代的历史资料,依照黄河口水域鱼类区域组成特征,从鱼类种类组成、繁殖共位体、鱼类耐受性和营养结构等方面提出了12个评价指标,初步构建了黄河口水域鱼类生物完整性指数评价指标体系,并制定了评价标准,根据不同年代数据之间的差距分3个层次赋值打分,研究了黄河口水域鱼类生物完整性及其年代际变化。结果表明,20世纪80年代初期黄河口水域鱼类生物完整性表现为"极好"水平;90年代处于"差"水平;2013年处于"极差"的水平。与20世纪80年代初期相比,黄河口及其邻近水域的鱼类生物完整性呈下降趋势,人为因素对生态环境干扰较大,过度捕捞等造成黄河口水域鱼类种类减少甚至消失,黄河口水域生态健康状况下降。  相似文献   

黄河口近岸海域鮻渔业生物学特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

张家旭  王俊  牛明香  左涛  常雯  陈瑞盛 《渔业科学进展》2023,44(2):20-29

为探究黄河口近岸海域鮻(Liza haematocheila)的渔业生物学特征及资源状况,本研究根据2020年4—11月黄河口渔业生产定置网的采样数据,研究了黄河口水域重要渔业种类鮻群体的体长体重分布、体长–体重关系、繁殖、生长和死亡等渔业生物学特征和开发率。结果显示,鮻体长分布范围为45~460 mm,优势体长组为55~185 mm;体重范围为2~1100 g,优势体重组为2~80 g。方差分析表明,鮻的平均体长、体重均存在显著的月间差异;各月及全年鮻的体长–体重关系均呈显著的幂函数关系,生长类型为负异速生长。黄河口近岸海域,鮻在7月肥满度最大,而6月最小;产卵盛期为4—5月。鮻的生长速率为0.31 a?1,总死亡系数为1.42 a?1,自然死亡系数估算结果为0.51 a?1,捕捞死亡系数为0.91 a?1,其开发率为0.64,鮻种群资源被过度利用。定置网渔业生产对于黄河口渔业资源有一定的破坏作用,尤其对幼鱼和补充群体资源影响较大,应对定置网渔业生产采取必要的管理措施。  相似文献   

长江口海域营养盐的形态和分布特征   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

李玲玲  于志刚  姚庆祯  陈洪涛  米铁柱  巩瑶 《水生态学杂志》2009,30(2):15-20

利用2007年4月对长江口海域航次的调查结果,对该海域营养盐的形态和分布特征进行了探讨,并对其主要控制过程进行了讨论.结果表明:长江口海域营养盐的浓度变化范围较大,整体分布趋势是由近岸向外海逐渐降低,且明显受水文状况影响.在长江口海域,磷主要以磷酸盐的形式存在,其余依次是溶解有机磷、颗粒态磷;氮主要以硝酸盐的形式存在,其余依次是溶解有机氮、颗粒态氮、氨氮、亚硝酸盐.硝酸盐和硅酸盐的行为是保守的,其行为主要受咸淡水混合过程控制;磷酸盐、溶解有机磷、颗粒态磷、亚硝酸盐、氨氮和溶解有机氮的行为是非保守的.  相似文献   

New urban habitat for endangered humpback whales: San Francisco Bay     

Tim M. Markowitz  William Keener  Marc A. Webber  Allison R. Payne  Rebekah S. Lane  James A. Fahlbusch  John Calambokidis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2024,34(3):e4107

Averting the baiji syndrome: conserving habitat for critically endangered dolphins in Eastern Taiwan Strait     

Peter S. Ross  Sarah Z. Dungan  Samuel K. Hung  Thomas A. Jefferson  Christina Macfarquhar  William F. Perrin  Kimberly N. Riehl  Elisabeth Slooten  John Tsai  John Y. Wang  Bradley N. White  Bernd Würsig  Shih Chu Yang  Randall R. Reeves 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(6):685-694

• 1. Numbering no more than 100 individuals and facing many threats, the geographically isolated Eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) is in peril. The estuarine and coastal waters of central‐western Taiwan have historically provided prime habitat for these dolphins, but environmental conditions today bear little resemblance to what they were in the past.
• 2. The humpback dolphins must share their habitat with thousands of fishing vessels and numerous factories built upon thousands of hectares of reclaimed land.
• 3. They are exposed to chemicals and sewage released from adjacent terrestrial activities. Noise and disturbance associated with construction, vessel traffic and military activities are features of everyday life for these animals.
• 4. Measures to slow the pace of habitat deterioration and reduce the many risks to the dolphins are urgently needed. As one practical step in this direction, this paper describes the habitat needs of these small cetaceans so that decision makers will be better equipped to define ‘priority habitat’ and implement much needed protection measures under the terms of local legislation.
• 5. The preferred habitat of these dolphins in Taiwan consists of shallow (<30 m), near‐shore marine waters with regular freshwater inputs.
• 6. For such a small, isolated and threatened population, ‘priority habitat’ should not be limited to areas of particularly intensive dolphin use or high dolphin density, but rather it should encompass the entire area where the animals have been observed (their current ‘habitat’), as well as additional coastal areas with similar bio‐physical features (‘suitable habitat’). Such a precautionary approach is warranted because the loss of only a few individuals could have serious population‐level consequences.
• 7. While conventional socio‐economic analysis might suggest that implementing protection measures over an area stretching ～350 km north–south along Taiwan's west coast and ～3 km out to sea would be too ‘costly’, the loss of this charismatic species from Taiwan's waters would send a troubling message regarding our collective ability to reconcile human activities with environmental sustainability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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